2023年全國大學(xué)生英語競賽初賽試卷及答案(B類)

2023NationalEnglishContestfor

CollegeStudents

(LevelB—Preliminary)

(總分：150分時間：120分鐘)

PartIlisteningComprehension(30marks)

SectionA(5marks)

Inthissection,youwillhearfiveshortconversations.Eachconversation

willbereadonlyonce.Aftereachconversation,therewillbeatwenty-second

pause.Duringthepause,readthequestionandthethreechoicesmarkedA,B

andC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

ontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

1.Whatdoesthemansaywecandotodealwithoilcrisis?

A.Tomakefulluseofoil.B.Touseaslittleoilas

possible

C.Tofindalternativeenergy.

2.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inaninsurancecompany.B.Inabank.

C.Inasupermarket.

3.Accordingtotheman,whoisgoingtotakeoverthepositiontheyaretalking

about?

A.Janice.B.Someoneelse.

C.Meryl.

4.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman'sreportforthemeeting?

A.Hehastogetitreadybeforetomorrownoon.

B.Hehasdonewellenough.

C.Hehasenoughtimetoprepareit.

5.Howmanypeoplewillbeontheearthbytheyear2023accordingtothe

professor?

A.Some5.8billion.B.Nearly7billion.

C.Over8.5billion.

SectionB(10marks)

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbe

readonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaone-minute

pause.Duringthepause,readthequestionsandthethreechoicesmarkedA,

BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorresponding

letterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre

ConversationOne

6.WhafsthemainjobofSimon'sorganization?

A.Theysendoutradiosignalstocommunicatewithotherplanets.

B.Theylookforlifeandintelligenceonotherplanets.

C.Theystudystarsthathaveplanetsorbitingaroundthem.

7.Whydoestheorganizationsearchforradiosignalsfromspace?

A.Theirpresencemayprovetheexistenceofaliens.

B.Theymayhelpscientistsfindouthowtheuniversestarted.

C.Theyconveymessagesaboutlifeontheearth.

8.DoesSimonbelievethosestoriesaboutaliensvisitingourplanet?

A.No,hedoesn'tbelievethematall.

B.Yes,hedoesbelievethosestoriesbecauseofhisstudy.

C.Yes,hebelievesthemalthoughhehasnoevidence.

9.Whichofthefollowingfactorisconsideredtobeimportantinforminglife

accordingtothepassage?

A.Gravity.B.Minerals.C.Water.

10.Whendidthe"bigbang"occur?

A.Nooneknows.B.12billionyearsago.C.20billionyear

ago.

ConversationTwo

11.WhydidBobmakethenewslastmonth?

A.Becausehecriticizedtraditionaljobs

B.Becauseheearnedalotofmoney.

C.Becausehetriednewstrategiesinfindingajob.

12.Inwhichwaydothebestsellerslike"TheBrandCalledYou"and"The

PersonalBrandingPhenomenon^^helppeople?

A.Theyadvisepeopletopromotethemselvesasbrands.

B.Theyteachpeoplehowtobeaperfectpartner.

C.Theygivepeopletipsforjobinterview.

13.WhendidBobcomeupwiththeideaofusingtheinternettofindajob?

A.Tenyearsagowhenhewasacollegestudent.

B.Whenhebegantodoresearchbetweenjobs.

C.Afterhelaunchedthecampaign“GiveBobaJob”.

14.WhatwasthepurposeofBob'smakingthevideo?

A.Tofulfillhisambitionasadirector.

B.TosellhisproductslikeTeddybearsandT-shirts.

C.Toadvertisehisskillsandtalents.

15.HowcantheinternethelpBobinhisjobsearchexactly?

A.Byhelpinghimmakefriends.

B.Bypassingonthevideohemade.

C.Byprovidingjobinformationforhim.

SectionC(5marks)

Inthissection,youwillhearfiveshortnewsitems.Aftereachitem,whichwill

bereadonlyonce,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,readthequestion

andthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasingleline

throughthecentre.

16.HowmanytroopsaregoingtowithdrawfromAfghanistanbytheendof

nextyear?

A.43,000.B.10,000.C.33,000.

17.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?

A.Low-caloriefoodsmayleadtomoreweight.

B.High-caloriefoodsmayleadtomoreweight.

C.High-caloriefoodsmayleadtolessweight.

18.Whatdotheconflictingreportsshowaboutradiation?

A.TheradiationlevelgivenbyTokyoElectricismuchsmallerthanthat

givenbyothertests.

B.Theradiationlevelgivenbyothertestsissmallerthanthatgivenby

TokyoElectric.

C.Theradiationleveliscloseto10,000timesthenormallevel.

19.WhyareCaribbeanServiceandEuropeTodayshutdownbyBBC?

A.Becauseoftheiroutdatedservices.

B.Becauseofcutsingovernmentfunding.

C.Becauseoflackoftargetaudience.

20.What'sthecauseofdemonstrationsincitiesandtownsacrossSyria?

A.Theyarecallingformorefreedom.

B.Workersdemandhigherpay.

C.Somethirtypeoplewerekilledbythepolice.

SectionD(10marks)

Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Thereare10missingwordsor

phrases.Fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhear.The

passagewillbereadtwice.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.

Recoveryfromjetlagcantakeaslongasadayforeverytimezonecrossed.

Soifyou'reflyingeast-westforyourholidayoronbusiness,itislikelytomean

afewdaysoffeelingtiredorevenunwell.

Jetlagisthe(21)ofthebody'snaturalcycleandsomefactors

makeitworse.Theartificialatmosphereinsideaplanecanaffectthebodyina

numberofwaysandaddtotheeffectsofjetlag.

Exercisingbeforeflightshelpstooffsettheeffectsonthebodyofreduced

(22),andaerobicexerciseafterwardshelpstoreoxygenateit.Drink

plentyofwater.Childrenmayneedmore.Drinkingcarrotjuicebeforeflying

overcomesoxygendeficiency.

Eatlight,frequentmeals.Heavymeals(23)theblood

circulation,whichcanleadtodizzinessandfainting.Fortwoweeksbeforeyou

fly,eatplentyoffoodcontainingvitaminsAandE;theywillbuildupyour(24)

andhelptokeepyoufit.Sleepasmuchasyoucanbeforetheflight

andonit.Onboard,wearearplugsandeyepadsbecausedarkness(25)

secretionofthehonnonesthatenhancesleep.

Avoidalcohol,whichrestrictsthebrain'soxygenintake.Liketeaand

coffee,alcoholincreasesthedehydrationeffectofflying.Ifyouneedtodrinkto

relax,(26)thatthecabinenvironmentintensifiestheeffectof

alcohol.

Wearloose,comfortable,warmclothesandlimberupduringflight.Sitting

downforseveralhoursslowsdownthe(27),leadingtolocal

stiffness,crampsanddizziness.Re-adjusttolocaltimeassoonasyoucan.

Brightlighthelpsthebodystayalert,soifyouaregoingsomewheresunny,stay

outside.

Donotsmokebeforeorduringtheflightsincesmoking(28)

thebloodoxygenlevel.Ifyouneedtocalmyournerves,tryaromatherapyoils

whichhaveasedativeeffect.(29)yourdoctorbeforeflyingif

youareonmedication.Theeffectsofsomedrugsarestrengthenedathigh

altitudesandsomemayproduce(30).

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(15marks)

Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachblankthereare

fourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthe

sentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasingle

linethroughthecentre.

31—35BDABC36—40BDDAB41—45CADBC

31.Whatweallworkforistofree__Btimeforthethingswereally

wanttodo.

A.offB.upC.asideD.in

32.YouDhiswordsseriously.Hewastalkingnonsense.

A.won'ttakeB.maynottake

C.mustn'thavetakenD.needn'thavetaken

33.NeverhesitatetoAthefirstopportunitythatcomesalong.

A.seizeB.drawC.who;thatD.obtain

34.Hismother_Bhatedcitylifelongedtoreturntothevillagein

shegrewup.

A.that;whereB.who;whichC.who;thatD.who;where

35.AllthingsC,IthinkI'dbettertakeyouradvice.

A.consideringB.tobeconsideredC.consideredD.havebeen

considered

36.TwelveEuropeancountries__ABovertotheEuroonJanuary1st,

2023.

A.transformedB.switchedC.reversedD.altered

37.Sheisn'tanythingCD_unpleasantaspeoplesaysheis.

A.aslikeB.likeC.asD.likeas

38.Stopcomplaining.YoureallyDmynerves.

A.getdownB.getalongC.getoffD.geton

39.Therewasn'tB_A_truthinwhathesaid.

A.agrainofB.arayofC.apointofD.adropof

40.C_B_formysavings,Iwouldn'tbeabletosurvivethesemiserable

days.

A.WasitnotB.Wereitnot

C.HaditbeennotD.Hadn'titbeen

41.Therewasapowercutthismorning.C,Icouldn'tdoanything

withmycomputer.

A.SupposedlyB.PresumablyC.ConsequentlyD.

Essentially

42.Alarmclocksneedlesslywake_Ahouseholds.Iwanttodesign

somethingtargetedattheindividualsleeper.

A.wholeB.totalC.fullD.high

43.Dbothpartiesagreeontheseissueswillacontractbesignedsoon.

A.IfonlyB.UnlessC.ShouldD.Onlyif

44.一I'verunoutofcash.Couldyoulendmeafewpoundsthisevening?

—_C_B_Filjusthavetofindtimetogettothebankandmakea

withdrawal.

A.Icanlendyousomenow.

B.TmnotsureI'vegotanyeither.

C.Sorry,Ihaven51gotapennyinmyaccount.

D.Mycreditcardmustbelefthome.

45.一We'reallgoingtotheNewSkylineRestaurantforourend-of-yearget-

together.Canwecountyouin?

一Oh,thanks,Sara,butB_C

A.Ididn'tfindyouthen.B.Tvebeentotherestaurantonce.

C.Tilpassthistime.D.Tilmeetyouthereat5:00.

PartIIICloze(10marks)

Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithoneword.Choosethe

correctwordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,by

usingthecorrectformofthegivenword,orbyusingthegivenlettersofthe

word.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.

46.likelihood47.fortune48.take49.with50.knowing

51.dozens52.Ieast53.burning54.easy/simple55.realize

Didyouknowthatforevery20,000novelswritten,onlyonegetspublished?So

the(46)____(likely)thatI'lleverfulfillmyambitionofbecominga

professionalmysterywriterdoesn'tseemveryhigh.Buttheprospectofturning

mylifelongpassionintomylivelihoodandachievingfameand(47)for______

atthesametimeisjusttooexcitingformetobeputoffbydullstatistics.

Sowhatdoesit(48)t_______tobecomeawriter?Readingisimportant—all

writersneedtoresearchtheirgenrethoroughlytofamiliarizethemselves(49)

______itscodesandconventions.Mybookshelvesathomearestackedwith

thenovelsofallthegreatmysterywriters,whichI'vereadandinmanycases,

re-read,despite(50)______(know)allthetime"who'ddoneit”.

Ofcourse,beingawriterrequiresimagination.Youhavetodevelopyour

ownpersonalstyleratherthansimplycopytheworkof“thegreats”.I'veturned

out(51)d________ofshortcrimestoriesformyuniversitystudentmagazine一

somehavebeenpublished,somenot,butI'vealwaysaimedtoproduceoriginal

andimaginativematerial.

Lastbutnot(52)________,successfulwriterspossessenormousself-

discipline.I'veoftensacrificedmysociallifeinordertodevotethenecessary

timeandefforttoproducingagoodqualitystory.Andmorethanoncethathas

meant(53)_______themidnightoil.

We'vegotanovelinsideus.Gettingitoutinanywherenearpublishable

formisno(54)______task,butwithimaginationanddetermination,andthe

helpofanexperton“masterclass”,whocouldpossiblyfailto(55)re_______

theirambition?

PartIVReadingComprehension(40marks)

Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.

Respondtothequestionsusinginformationfromthepassage.Rememberto

writetheanswersontheanswersheet.

SectionA(10marks)

Questions56-60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thetermcultureshockwas

introducedforthefirsttimein1958to

describetheanxietyproducedwhena

personmovestoacompletelynew

environment.Thistermexpressesthe

feelingofnotknowingwhattodoor

howtodothingsinanewenvironment.Thistermexpressesthefeelingofnot

knowingwhattodoorhowtodothingsinanewenvironment.Wecandescribe

cultureshockasthephysicalandemotionaldiscomfortapersonsufferswhen

comingtoliveinaplacedifferentfromtheplaceoforigin.

Often,thewaythatwelivebeforeisnotacceptedorconsideredasnormal

inthenewplace.Everythingisdifferent,forexample,notspeakingthelanguage,

notknowinghowtousebankingmachines,notknowinghowtousetelephones,

andsoforth.

Thesymptomsofcultureshockcanappearatdifferenttimes.Althougha

personcanexperiencerealpainfromcultureshock,itisalsoanopportunityfor

growingandlearningnewperspectives.Cultureshockcanhelppeopledevelopa

betterunderstandingofthemselvesandstimulatepersonalcreativity.

Cultureshockhasmanystages.Eachstagecanbeongoing,orappearonly

atcertaintimes.Inthefirststage,thenewarrivalmayfeelveryhappyaboutall

ofthenewexperience.Thistimeiscalledthehoneymoonstage.Afterward,the

secondstagepresentsitself.Apersonmayencountersomedifficultiesindaily

life.Forexample,communicationdifficultiesmayoccur,suchasnotbeing

understood.Inthisstage,theremaybefeelingsofimpatience,angerandsadness.

Transitionbetweentheoldmethodsandthoseofthenewcountryisadifficult

processandtakestimetocomplete.Thethirdstageischaracterizedbygaining

someunderstandingofthenewculture.Anewfeelingofpleasureandsenseof

humormaybeexperienced.Apersonmaystarttofeelapsychologicalbalance.

Theindividualismorefamiliarwiththeenvironmentandwantstobelong.This

startsanevaluationoftheoldwaysversusthoseofthenew.Inthefourthstage,

thepersonrealizesthatthenewculturehasgoodandbadthingstooffer.This

stagecanbeoneofdoubleintegrationortripleintegration,dependingonthe

numberofculturesthatthepersonhastoprocess.Thisintegrationis

characterizedbyamoresolidfeelingofbelonging.Thepersonstartstodefine

himselforherselfandestablishgoalsforliving.Thefifthstageisthestagethat

iscalledthereentryshock.Thisoccurswhenapersonreturnstothenewly

acquiredcustomsareconsideredimproperintheoldculture.

Questions56―60

Completethesummarywithwordsfromthepassage,changingtheformwhere

necessary,withonlyonewordforeachblank.

Introducedin1958,cultureshockisatermusedto(56)physical

andemotionaldiscomfortpeopleexperiencewhentheycometoorliveinanew

place.Althoughmanypeoplesufferalotfromcultureshock,itisan(57)

forpersonalimprovement.Thefivestagesofcultureshockmaylast

foralongtimeorshowuponceinawhile.Inthefirststage,the(58)

stage,thenewarrivalmightbeOKwitheverything.Afterward,(59)

fromoldmethodstothenewonecallsfortimeandenergy.During

thethirdandfourthstage,peoplemaygainmoreunderstandingofthenew

cultureandpossessobjectiveviews.Thedoubleortripleintegrationis(60)

byafeelingofbelonging.Thelaststage,calledreentryshock,

referstothefeelingpeoplehavewhenreturningtotheirhomecountry.

SectionB(10marks)

Questions61-65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Forsomepeople,itwouldbeunthinkable.ButGabeHendersonisfinding

freedominarecentdecision;hecanceledhisMySpaceaccount.The26years

oldgraduatestudentstoppedhisaccountafterrealizingthatalotofhisonline

friendswerereallyjustacquaintances."Thesuperficialemptinesscloudedthe

excitementIhadoncefblt,“Hendersonwroteinanarticle.4tItseemswehave

lost,tosomedegree,thespecialdepththattruefriendshipisabout.”

JournalismprofessorMichaelBugeja,whoisastrongsupporterofface-to-

facecommunication,readHenderson'scolumnandsawitwasasignofhope.

Thoughhe'snotanti-technology,Bugejaoftenlecturesstudentsabout

('interpersonalintelligence^^一knowingwhen,where,andforwhatpurpose

technologyismostappropriate.Hepointsoutthestudentshe'sseenwalking

acrosscampus,holdinghandswitheachotherwhiletalkingoncellphonesto

someoneelseHe'salsoseenthemincoffeeshops,surroundedbypeople,but

staringinsteadatacomputerscreen."Truefriends,hesays,“needtolearn

whentostopbloggingandgoacrosscampustohelpafriend.”

Thesedays,youngpeoplearemorewiredthanever-butthey'realso

gettingmoreworried.Increasingly,they'vehadtodealwithonlinebullies,who

arepostinganythingfromembarrassingphotostoonlinethreats.And

increasingly,youngpeoplealsoarerealizingthatthingstheypostontheir

profilescancomebacktohurtthemwhenapplyingforschoolsorjobs.

Socialnetworkingcanbean“extremelyeffective“waytopublicizeevents

tolargegroups.Itcanevenhelpbuildasenseofcommunityoncampus.People

joinedFacebookasawaytomeetothers.However,ithaslimitations.Agood

Internetprofilecouldmakeeventhemostboringpersonseemsomewhat

interesting.Peoplearealsonotalwayshappywithtextmessagesonthecell

phones.Cellphonescanbeaquickwaytosay“haveagoodday”.Butfriends

canalsocancelanightoutwithatextmessagetoavoidhavingtoexplain."Our

generationneedstogetoverthisfearofconfrontationandrejection.^^Henderson

says."Thefocusneedstobeonqualitycommunication,inallways."Backin

hislife,Hendersonisenjoyingspendingmoreface-to-facetimewithhisfriends

andlesswithhiscomputer.Hesayshisdecisiontoquithissocial-networking

Internetaccountswasagoodone.'Tmnotsacrificingfriends,"hesays,

“becauseifapicture,somebasicinformationabouttheirlifeandaWebpageis

allmyfriendshiphasbecome,thentherewasnothingtosacrificetobeginwith.^^

Questions61—63

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingto

thepassage.

61.AlthoughHendersonquitMySpace,mostofhisonlinefriendsareactually

closefriends.

62.AccordingtoBugeja,youngpeopleshouldknowwhentousetechnology

andwhentostopusingit.

63.Socialnetworkinghelpsbuildasenseofcommunitybuthasanegative

effectonyoungpeople'slifeifitisusedinappropriately.

Questions6465

Answerthefollowingquestionsbrieflyaccordingtothepassage.

64.WhatdoesHendersonlosebyusingsocialnetworkingwebsitesHke

Myspace?

65.Whatdoyoungpeopleneedtoovercomeinordertofocusonquality

communication?

SectionC(10marks)

Questions66—70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“Five...Four...Three...

Two...One...Seeya!”and

ChanceMcGuire,twenty-five,is

airborneoffa600-footconcrete

daminNorthernCalifornia.Inone

secondhefalls15feet,intwo

seconds60feet,andafterthree

secondsand130feet,heisflyingat

66milesanhour.

McGuireisapractitionerofwhat

hecallsthekingofallextremesports.BASE-anacronymforbuilding,antenna,

span(bridge)andearth(cliffs)-jumpinghasoneofthesportingworld'shighest

fatalityrates:inits18-yearhistory,forty-sixparticipantshavebeenkilled.Yet

thesporthasneverbeenmorepopular,withmorethanathousandjumpersinthe

UnitedStates,andmoreseekingtogetintoiteveryday.Itisanactivitywithout

marginforerror.Ifyourchutemalfunctions,don'tbotherresearchingfora

reserve——thereisn'ttime.Therearenosecondchances.

Still,thesportmaybeaperfectfitwiththetimes.Americansmayhave

moreincommonwithMcGuirethantheyknoworcaretoadmit.Americahas

embarkedonanationalorgyofthrillseekingandrisktaking.Theriseof

adventureandextremesportssuchasBASEjumping,snowboarding,ice

climbing,skateboarding,andparaglidingismerelythemostvividmanifestation

ofthisnewnationalbehavior.

Therisingpopularityofextremesportsspeaksofaneagernessonthepart

ofmillionsofAmericanstoparticipateinactivitiesclosertotheedge,where

danger,skill,andfearcombinetogiveweekendwarriorsandprofessional

athletesalikeasenseofpushingoutpersonalboundaries.Accordingto

AmericanSportsDataInc.,aconsultingfirm,participationinso-calledextreme

sportsiswayup.Snowboardinghasgrown113percentinfiveyearsandnow

boastsnearly5.5millionparticipants.Mountainhiking,skateboarding,scuba

diving——theirgrowthcurvesrevealanationthatlovestoplaywithdanger.

Contrastthatwithactivitiessuchasbaseball,touchfootball,andaerobics,allof

whichwereinsteadydeclinethroughoutthe1990s.

Thepursuitsthatarebecomingmorepopularhaveonethingincommon:

theperceptionthattheyaresomehowmorechallengingthanagameoftouch

football.''Everyhumanbeingwithtwolegsandtwoarmsisgoingtowonder

howfast,howstrong,howenduringheorsheis,“saysEricPerlman,a

mountaineerandfilmmakerspecializinginextremesports."Wearedesignedto

experienceordie.^^

Questions66―68

Completethefollowingsentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassageina

maximumof4wordsforeachblank.

66.ratesdoesn'tstoppeoplefromgettingintoBASEjumpingevery

day.

67.Theriseofextremesportsmanifeststhenationalbehaviorofand

68.Thecombinationoffear,skillanddangergivesbothamateursand

professionalsasenseof.

Questions69—70

Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.

69.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesrevealsanationthatlovestoplayactivities

closertotheedge?

A.Touchfootball.B.Baseball.

C.Scubadiving.D.Aerobics.

70.WhatdoesEricmeanbysaying“Wearedesignedtoexperienceordie”?

A.Lifewithgreatchallengesisameaningfulone.

B.Lifewithoutgreatexperiencesisverycommon.

C.Peoplemaydiewhiledoingextremesports.

D.Extremesportsareessentialpartsofhumanlife.

SectionD(10marks)

Questions71-75arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AlbertEinsteinwasoneofthegreatestthinkerstheworldhaseverknown.

Heformulatedtheoriesofrelativity,successfullydescribedthenatureofthe

universeandcameupwiththemostfamousequationintheworld.David

Beckhamisthefootballerwhoseskillsandprecisionhavemadehimoneofthe

mostgiftedsportsmenofhisgeneration.Whoismoreintelligent?

HowGardner'stheoryofmultipleintelligences(MI)daresustoputthese

twomenonneighboringpedestals.Insteadofregardingintelligenceasasingle

quantitymeasurablebypen-and-papertests,Gardner,aneducationprofessorat

HarvardUniversity,divideshumanintelligenceintonofewerthaneightseparate

categoriesrangingfrommathematicaltomusicalcompetence.(74)Hisideas

haveprovokedvigorousdebateabouthowonedefinesintelligence.Gardner，s

pointisthatquantitymeasuresonlyonecapacity,thesortofmentalagilitythat

isvaluedinacademicachievement,andthatthissinglenumberdoesnotdo

justicetohumanpotential.Sohehascreatedhisownspheresofachievement.

SomecategoriesareeasilyreconcilablewithgeneralperceptionsaboutIQ.For

example,“l(fā)inguistic“intelligenceconfersamasteryoflanguage,andisthe

preserveofsuchpeopleaspoets,writersandlinguists.''Logicalmathematical”

intelligencemarksoutpeoplewhotakeareasoningapproachtophysicalthings,

andseekunderlyingprinciples.Einsteinisthestandard-bearerofthisgroup,

whichalsoincludesphilosophers.Thesetwocategoriesarethemain

componentsofwhatwegenerallythinkofas“intelligence”.

uMusicaF,intelligencecharacterizesmusicians,composersandconductors.

“Spatial”intelligenceisaboutbeingabletopictureperspective,tovisualizea

worldinone'sheadwithgreataccuracy.Chessplayers,artistsandarchitects

wouldratehighlyinthiscategory.Dancers,athletesandactorsarelumpedunder

the“bodily-kinesthetic“heading;theseindividual,likeBeckham,areableto

controltheirbodiesandmovementsverycarefully.

Thencometwotypesof“personal“intelligence-intrapersonal,theability

togaugeone'sownmood,feelingsandmentalstates,andinterpersonal,being

abletogaugeitinothersandusetheinformation.Thesetwocategoriescouldbe

interpretedasemotionalintelligence.Psychiatristsareparticularlyadeptatthe

former,whilereligiousleadersandpoliticiansareseenaspeoplewhocan

exploitthelatter.

CharlesDarwinisperhapstheperfectembodimentoftheeighth

intelligence-"naturalist”.Thislabeldescribespeoplewithadeepunderstanding

ofthenaturalworldanditsobjects.Zoologistsandbotanistscancount

themselvesamongthisgroup.

(75)Theseeightcategoriescertainlyreflectthefactthat,intheseareas,

thereisaspectrumofhumanabilityrangingfromthehopelesstothebrilliant.

Butarethesereallyintelligences,orcouldthesecompetencesbemore

accuratelydescribedasgiftsortalents?

Questions71—73

Answerthefollowingquestionsbrieflyaccordingtothepassage.

71.Whatarethemaincomponentsof“intelligence“wegenerallythinkof?

72.Whatkindofabilitiesdoesemotionalintelligenceinvolve?

73.WhichintelligencesarerepresentedbyEinsteinandBeckhamrespectively?

Questions74—75

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.

74.Hisideashaveprovokedvigorousdebateabouthowonedefinesintelligence.

75.Thes