高考英語語法總復習之非謂語課件

非謂語動詞概述

動詞在句子中只有兩種形式，或者謂語形式，或者非謂語形式1.TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture,JackhastakentheChinesefolklesson.2.Occupiedingaming,Johndidn’tnoticemomapproaching.非謂語動詞tododoing動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞done1.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.

2.Uponarrivinghome,TombegantowatchhisfavoriteTikTokvideos.

3.Swimmingusedtobemyfavouritesport.觀察例句邏輯主語前有名詞、代詞時一般為此名詞、代詞前無名詞、代詞時一般為句子主語非謂語作主語時一般為普遍意義的人1.Whilewaitingforanopportunity,Henrykeptperforminghisduty.2.TheInternetmakesiteasiertokeepusinformed.非謂語的語法含義todo主動將來doing主動同時done被動完成練習1辨別非謂語并判斷其語法含義不定式的形式一般形式todo進行形式tobedoing完成形式tohavedone完成進行形式tohavebeendoing被動形式tobedone完成被動形式tohavebeendone不定式的用法作名詞性成分作主語往往用it作形式主語Itis+adj.+forsbtodo…和Itis+adj.+ofsbtodo當主語和表語都是不定式時不能用it形式主語Torespectothersistoberespected.作賓語及物動詞后動詞通常是want/try/decide/wouldlike/hope/love/learn/afford/agree/fail/mean等在feel/find/make/think/consider等動詞后賓語帶有補足語時，常用it作形式賓語Shemakesitaruletogetupatfive.形容詞后Iamsorrytosaythatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.作表語說明主語的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的、事前的安排或義務等Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.作其他成分作定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，則后面必須加介詞Theycouldnotfindaplacetolivein.作狀語直接作狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為todo/onlytodo/inordertodo/

soastodo/so(或such)…astodoIcomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.可以表示沒有預料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面Iawoke(only)tofindmyclothesgone.修飾形容詞作狀語系動詞+表企圖/潛在可能性的形容詞Heislikelytowin.adj.+及物動詞不定式Thewaterisgoodtodrink.作補語v.+賓語+todo常見動詞advise/allow/challenge/drive/

encourage/force/induce/instruct/persuade/urgeFatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.練習2判斷以下句子中不定式所充當?shù)木渥映煞諸okeepintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscard.Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline.Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Toerrishuman,buttoforgiveisdivine.Herworkistolookafterthebabies.不定式的常用結(jié)構(gòu)be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示命令和指示：Theroomistobelocked.表示計劃或安排：Wearetobegintheworknextmonth.疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)相當于從句，它在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等成分

Idon’tknowwhethertogotothemeetingornot.with/without+名詞/代詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)通常起狀語的作用

Withsomuchworktodo,Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.用作獨立成分的不定式作插入語狀語修飾整個句子，如totellyouthetruth/tobefrank/tobeginwith/toconclude/sotospeak等

Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaid.不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)too…to...Heistooexcitedtospeak.nevertoo...to...It’snevertoolatetomendabrokenheart.only/all/but+too…to…=very…to…Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.only/nevertodoHereturnedhomeearly,onlytofindhiswifewasgone.soas(not)to表示目的：Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.表示結(jié)果：Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?省去to的動詞不定式“五看三使兩聽一感覺半幫助”后的補語用于主動語態(tài)Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.注意：用于被動語態(tài)要還原to：Theyweremadebythebosstoworkthewholenight.hadbetter/wouldrather/wouldrather...than/wouldsooner/wouldsooner...than/cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbut后Iwouldratherthandiebeforetellyouthesecret.（注意：havenochoicebuttodo）表建議的Why…/Whynot…句型后Whynotgohomeandgetsomesleep?but/except前有實義動詞do（表示“做”），后（可以）無toHewantstodonothingbutstayathome.主語中出現(xiàn)實義動詞do，后（可以）無toAllthatIwanttodoishavethismealquietly.練習3使用動詞的恰當形式填空Jimmymadehissister____(cry)bymessingwithherhair.Iwatchedher____(get)intothebusandcriedmyeyesout.Hewasmade____(work)twentyhoursaday.Joeylikesnothingbut____(watch)TikTokvideos.Lucyismakingagreatpoint.Ican’tdonothingbut____(agree).不定式做后置定語，和被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，但又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系時Shehastwoletterstotype.Thatiswhysheisinsuchahurry.對比：Shehastwoletterstobetyped.SosheasksTomforhelp.不定式作形容詞的賓語，和句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系時Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當說話人考慮必須有人去完成某件事時Thereisalotofworktodo.Weneedsomeonetohelp.對比：Thereisalotofworktobedone.Wemusthurryup.tolet,toblame,toseek用主動式表被動意義Whoistoblameforit?不定式主動形式表被動1.IsthistheTVsetshewants__________(repair)?2.Whowillyouhave_________(translate)thearticleintoJapanese?3.Canyouhavethewashingmachine_______(send)tomyhouse?4.Thosewhohavequestions________(ask),raiseyourhands.5.Youhadbetter________(pay)

avisittohimsoon.6.Nowwecoulddonothingbut________(wait)forhimhere.7.Thevisithas_________(putoff)becauseoftherain.8.Thechildrenstopped_______(talk)astheteachercamein.9.Theystopped________(listen),buttherewasnomoresound.10.IfIcanstopthem_________(go)there,I’lldoit.練習4使用動詞的恰當形式填空doing一般形式doing被動形式beingdone完成形式havingdone完成被動形式havingbeendonedoing為動名詞作主語一般可用it作形式主語而將動名詞短語后移

ItisnotsoeasylearningEnglishallbyyourself.動名詞作主語的幾個常用句型It’snogood/use/wonder/surprise/coincidencedoing…;It’suseless/It’sworthdoing…Thereisnosaying/joking/denying/knowing/telling作賓語admit/appreciate/avoid/complete/consider/delay/deny/detest/endure/enjoy等動詞后;admitto/prefer…to/beusedto/leadto/devoteto/objectto/stickto/befondof/lookforwardto/beproudof等短語后

Iforgotwritingalettertohim.作表語對主語解釋內(nèi)容

Herjobiswashing,cleaning,andtakingcareofthechildren.作定語一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途/性能

swimmingpool=apoolforswimming.作同位語Hemustfulfillhispromise,payingoffhisdebtsbeforeJune1st.1.Itseemsverydifficult_________(stop）thechild________(cry).2.________(do)workmeansmovingabodythroughadistancebyaforce.3.Shedidn’tseemtomind_______(theywatch)TVwhileshewastryingtostudy.4.Itisnouse_______(argue)aboutitbecausehewillneverchangehismind.5.——Whywereyousolateforworktoday?——_______(drive)totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.6.——WhathasmadeRuthsoupset?——_________(lose)threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.7.Iobjectto________(treat)likethis.8.Inancienttimes,mensentmessagesatdistanceby________(beat)drums.9.Iamusedto________(eat)baconandeggseverymorning.10.Ipreferwritingatermpaperto________(take)anexam.練習5使用動詞的恰當形式填空doing為現(xiàn)在分詞做表語說明主語特征

Hewasveryamusing.作定語動作或狀態(tài)

Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.（前置）

Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver.（后置）作賓補在see,watch,listento,find等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動詞后面作賓語補足語

Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示“致使”的動詞后作賓補

Jameswascaughtsmokinginthebathroom.作狀語表時間等

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞被動態(tài)beingdone做狀語時，經(jīng)常可以省略being

(Being)Addictedtothehappiness,hestartedtodancewiththecrowd.練習6使用動詞的恰當形式填空過去分詞只有一種形式，表示被動或者完成作表語在連系動詞后作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)

Shefeltconfusedandevenfrightened.作定語前置或者后置具體而定

Awatchedpotneverboils.

Wehavereadmanynovelswrittenbythisauthor.作賓補在感覺動詞see,hear,feel,notice,watch,find等后作賓語補足語

IheardtheNinthSymphonyplayedlastnight.在使役動詞get,have,make,leave,keep等后作賓語補足語

Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.用在with/without結(jié)構(gòu)中，作介詞的賓語補足語

Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.作狀語Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.1.Unless________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2.Once_______(visit),itwillneverbeforgotten.3.AlbertEinsteinwrotetwofamouspaperswhile_______(employ)asapatentofficeworker.4.Don’tspeakuntil______(speak)to.5.Once________(arm),weareafraidofnothing.6.While________(cross)thestreet,lookoutforcars.7.While________(criticize),shecried.8.Shecameearlierthan________(expect).9.Everythinggoeswellas________(plan).10._____(give)moretime,wearesuretodoitbetter.練習7使用動詞的恰當形式填空獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)with(out)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語帶有自己的主語，從而在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主語不發(fā)生關系，作定語或狀語。非謂語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)todo形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.doing形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.done形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.非謂語和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系練習8使用動詞的恰當形式填空with+名詞/代詞+donen./pron.與done是被動關系

Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.with+名詞/代詞+doingn./pron.與doing是主動關系

Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.with+名詞/代詞+todo不定式和被修飾的n./pron.構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系

Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.(主語+不定式+n./pron.構(gòu)成符合邏輯的句子)with+名詞/代詞+名詞Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.with+名詞/代詞+副詞Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.with(out)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.Withnothing_________(leave)toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.2.Thegirlsattheresilentandstillwithhereyes__________(fix)onthewall.3.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor________(face)tothenorth.4.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights_______(burn).5.Withmymother___(be)ill,soIwon’tbeabletogoonholiday.用with句式完成下列句子1.______(有很多作業(yè)要做),Icouldn’tgotoseethefilmwithyou.2.Hestoodthere,________________(昂著頭).3.Thedaywasbright____________(陽光照耀).4.________

(心存夢想),hewenttoHollywood.5._______(明天將舉行一場考試),soIcouldn’tgot