口譯筆記-圖例和符號(hào)

口譯筆記圖例和符號(hào)

Notetaking

1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S=sum

f=frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf=compare

e.g.=example

dept=department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol=politics

dem=democracy

lib=liberal

cap=capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres=presentation

subj=subject

ind=individual

cons=conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc=associate

biol=biology

info=information

ach=achievement

chem=chemistry

max=maximum

intro=introduction

conc=concentration

min=minimum

rep=repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd=prepared

prblm=problem

estmt=estimate

bkgd=background

gvt=government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am’t=amount

cont’d=continued

gov’t=government

educat’l=educational

...sothatYOUTHisnotwastedontheyoung

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts=chapters

egs=examples

fs=frequencies

intros=introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg=checking

estg=establishing

decrg=decreasing

exptg=experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&=and

w/=with

w/o=without

vs=against

\=therefore

CMICommission

CMPComplete

CMPECompete/competitive

CMUCommunication

CONCConcern/concerning/concerned

CONDCondition

CO.Company

DEPTDepartment

DISCDiscount

DPTDeparture

EXCHExchange

EXPLNExplain

EXTExtent

FLTFlight

FNTFinal

FRTFreight

FYRForyourreference

GDGood

GUARGuarantee

H.O.Homeoffice

INFOInformation

IMPSImpossible

IMP(T)Important

INCDInclude

INDIVIndividual

INSInsurance

INTSTInterested

I/OInsteadof

IOUIoweyou

IVOInviewof

MANUFManufacture

MDLModel

MEMOMemorandum

MGRManger

MINMinimum

MKTMarket

MSGMessage

NCRYNecessary

NLTNolaterthan

OBSObserve

OBTObtain

ORDOrdinary

PATPatent

PCPiece

PKGPacking

PLPeople

PLSPlease

POSNPosition

POSS(BL)Possible

PRODProduct

QLTYQuality

QUTYQuantity

RCVReceive

REFReference

REGLRegular

REPRepresentative

RESNReservation

RPTRepeat

RESPONResponsible

SECSection

SITNSituation

STDStandard

TELTelephone

TEMPTemporary

TGMTelegraph

THOThough

TKSThanks

TRDTrade

TRFTraffic

TTLTotal

UYou

URYour

WKWeek

WLWill

WTWeight

XLExtralarge

二、字母、圖像

Z表示“人”people/person，因?yàn)椤癦”看上去像個(gè)人頭，它通常被寫在一個(gè)詞或符號(hào)的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C來表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示為CZ

P表示政治：politics,political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示為PZ

E表示總數(shù)：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.E數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)表示總值。

G表示效率：efficient,effective。G為效率符號(hào)。

Q表示“通貨膨脹”：inflation因?yàn)檫@個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一個(gè)上升的氣球。

A表示農(nóng)業(yè):agriculture.agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B表示商業(yè)：business。

C×表示沖突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation“C×”中的“×”表示反對(duì)，字母“C”將反對(duì)的概念縮小為conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，職業(yè):work,employ等。它是work的第一個(gè)字母。所以WZ就可以用來表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。

i表示工業(yè):industry,industrial字母i像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業(yè)。

UU看酷似一個(gè)酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty,agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會(huì)表示“舉杯祝賀”。如果在U內(nèi)填入2××××，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）,填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m(multiple)表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個(gè)“/”××××表示談判破裂。

O表示“國(guó)家”、“民族”、“領(lǐng)土”等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示進(jìn)口，Og表示出口

這個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符號(hào)上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示為CT

⊙圓圈表示一個(gè)圓桌，中間一點(diǎn)表示一盆花，這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示會(huì)議、開會(huì)等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k這個(gè)符號(hào)看上像條魚，所以表示“捕魚業(yè)∧表示轉(zhuǎn)折

√表示“好的“狀態(tài)，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.

表示“同意”狀態(tài)，standupfor，support，agreewithsb,certain/affirmative,etc.

☆表示“重要的”狀態(tài)：important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.

n表示“交流”狀態(tài)：exchange，mutual,etc.

&表示“和”，“與”：and，togetherwith，alongwith，accompany，alongwith，furthermore，etc.

∥表示“結(jié)束”：end，stop，halt，bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.

六、較長(zhǎng)單詞的處理辦法

-ism簡(jiǎn)寫為m例如：socialismSm

-tion簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)寫為n例如