高考英語閱讀理解技巧細(xì)事實題改15828

英語專題

Strategiesfor

QuestionsofDetails英語閱讀理解技巧(事實細(xì)節(jié)題)1.

近幾年閱讀理解命題已從對傳統(tǒng)知識掌握情況的考查轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)δ芰Φ目疾?。獲取分析處理信息2.推理判斷題

猜測詞義題閱讀四大題型事實細(xì)節(jié)題主旨大意題3.高考英語閱讀理解題考查方式是非題年代與數(shù)字考點Wh-題(who,what,when,where,why,how)4.高考閱讀考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題：2017年8題2016年11題5.1、細(xì)節(jié)題的題干分析2、細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法教學(xué)內(nèi)容6.事實細(xì)節(jié)題考查的六大信息事實細(xì)節(jié)題干常用when,where,who,why,what和how等提問或要求用此類信息補(bǔ)全句子，考查對應(yīng)的六大信息內(nèi)容，即_______、_____、_____、_____、_____和

_______。

時間地點人物原因事件方式

一、題干分析7.1.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?2.Which

of

the

following

statements

is

correct/true?（三誤一正）3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（三正一誤）4Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.5…..常見設(shè)題方式：8.

題干設(shè)計常常避開原文中所用的詞匯，而用其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞設(shè)題。設(shè)題特點：9.Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.原因72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth___________________________________________________________同義詞10.三大法寶：順序原則二、細(xì)節(jié)理解解題方法定位詞排除法11.(一)、把握解題的順序原則（周考三C篇）WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetenceandcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologistwhomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

28題答案29題答案12.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working----atanyage----isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence---theunderpinnings(基礎(chǔ))ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”(一)、把握解題的順序原則31題答案30題答案13.（二）、通過定位詞尋找出題點定位詞是英語閱讀理解解題方法的最重要的一個要素，適用于解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題。1.表示人名、地名等的專有名詞和表示年份、數(shù)字、百分?jǐn)?shù)等的數(shù)詞，以及題干中出現(xiàn)的大寫的名詞2.表示實體意義，指代一件具體事物的名詞3.題干中詞義鮮明的動詞、形容詞、副詞等14.21.WhatbooksdoesBillGatesrecommend?A.TheGreatGatsby&TheBrothersKaramasovB.TheGreatGatsby&CatcherintheRyeC.TheBrothersKaramasov&CatcherintheRyeD.TheBrothersKaramasov&CrimeandPunishment技巧：定位詞在題干中尋找線索，并圈出題干中的名詞、動詞、形容詞等實詞，找出線索詞在文中的位置。1wh-細(xì)節(jié)題二模A篇15.

TheGreatGatsbybyFScottFitzgerald

RecommendedbyChuckPalahniuk,BillGatesTheGreatGatsby,thecrowningachievementoftheliterarycareerofF.ScottFitzgeraldissetintheJazzAge,thatis,1920s.ThisisthestoryofJayGatsby,verywealthyandpowerfulbillwhoisinlovewithDaisyBuchanan.Helikestothrowluxuriousparties.gatherthebeautifulpeopleinhishouse.CatcherintheRvebyJD.SalingerRecommendedbyBillGates,mentionedinWoodyAllenRecommendsWhatToReadCatherintheRveisundoubtedlyaclassicalworkoftheAmericanliteratureandisverypopularin“Topl0books”listsThemaincharacterbeinganexpelledstudentnamedHoldenCaulfield,thoughheisjust16.encountersmanyeventsthattendtoprecludeadults.CatcherintheRyeisaboutayouthof196butitisstillactualtoday.（二）、通過定位詞尋找出題點16.定位詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：

a.同義改寫WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.sick17.WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.18.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．68．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_______． A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystem C．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracks19.b.轉(zhuǎn)變詞性與結(jié)構(gòu):ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下層的)classes.66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.Family B.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community20.(三)、排除法（1）正確選項的特征正確選項雖然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改寫，意思不變。如換一個同義詞。21.a．張冠李戴：把A事物的特點說成是B事物的，企圖混淆視聽。（2）錯誤選項的特征Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainers

D.builthousesandfurniture 22.b.斷章取義：抓住一個字眼或細(xì)節(jié)做文章，對作者本意歪曲的理解。c.過度猜測：文中并沒有出現(xiàn)和選項一致的直接信息，選項對文意進(jìn)行了不切實際的過度猜測。23.三、細(xì)節(jié)題型1wh細(xì)節(jié)題2是非題3計算題4圖表題5排序題6其它題24.

有時命題者故弄玄虛，在選項中加些夸大其詞的說法，把“大約”說成“絕對，肯定”(要留意選項中諸如all,

absolutely,

only,

never,

completely,definitely等詞)，把抽象說成具體，或者把人名、地名、時間等張冠李戴，誤串起來，從而構(gòu)成形是實非的干擾項。注意“陷阱”：25.____________明顯不是文章的信息，與文中事實相反或不符干擾項的特點與概括:(事實細(xì)節(jié)題的考點)正誤并存擴(kuò)大(縮小)范圍偷換概念以偏概全無中生有_____________信息部分正確，部分錯誤______________是原文信息，但故意增加或減少細(xì)節(jié)______________符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容_____________與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動______________是原文信息，但不是題干要求的內(nèi)容答非所問26.2018汕頭二模A篇TheGreatGatsbybyFScottFitzgeraldRecommendedbyChuckPalahniuk,BillGatesTheGreatGatsby,thecrowningachievementoftheliterarycareerofF.ScottFitzgeraldissetintheJazzAge,thatis,1920s.ThisisthestoryofJayGatsby,verywealthyandpowerfulbillwhoisinlovewithDaisyBuchanan.Helikestothrowluxuriousparties.gatherthebeautifulpeopleinhishouse.CatcherintheRvebyJD.SalingerRecommendedbyBillGates,mentionedinWoodyAllenRecommendsWhatToReadCatherintheRveisundoubtedlyaclassicalworkoftheAmericanliteratureandisverypopularin“Topl0books”listsThemaincharacterbeinganexpelledstudentnamedHoldenCaulfield,thoughheisjust16.encountersmanyeventsthattendtoprecludeadults.CatcherintheRyeisaboutayouthof196butitisstillactualtoday.TheBrothersKaramasoybyDostoevskyRecommendedbyVladimirPutThisisofthebestallegorical(諷喻的)novelstoexplainthedifferentnature(本性)of27.19thcenturyRussia.Eachcharacterisrepresentativeofoneoftherulingclasses.ThereisthefatherFyodor.thelandownerwhoiscarelessofhisland,butgreedyinusingitsproduceforhimself.There'sDmitri,whohasbeenpassedaroundfromhousetohouse,andhagrownupanentitledbutdebt-ridden(負(fù)債累累的)soul.There'sIvan,whowishestolivemoreamongcoldconceptsthanpeople.AndgentleAlyosha,themysticandreligiouspeacemaker,andtheunlawfulSmerdyakov.Throughoutarethemesoflove,law,andduty,whichmakesthisoneofthebestDostoycskbookstoreadbesidesCrimeandPunishment.28.

本文是一篇介紹類的應(yīng)用文，介紹了三本經(jīng)典小說《了不起的蓋茨比》《麥田里的守望者》《卡拉馬佐夫兄弟》三本書的推薦者和故事簡介.29.21.WhatbooksdoesBillGatesrecommend?22.Whichbookcanreflectthelifeoftoday'syoungpeople?23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTheBrotherskaramasov?

汕頭二模閱讀理解A是非判斷題細(xì)節(jié)事實wh細(xì)節(jié)題30.23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTheBothersKaramasov?A.ThecharacterscomefrompoorfamilyB.ItisthebestbookofDostoyesky.C.Whenthemembershavedifferentopinionsinreligion,theymightcometoAlyosha.D.Fvodorissoconcernedabouthislandthatheisgreedyinitsproduce.無中生有正誤并存與原文不符31.Anexcerpt(節(jié)選)fromTheOldManandtheSea32.Whentheoldmansawhimcomingheknewthatthiswasafearlesssharkthatwoulddoexactlywhathewished.Hepreparedtheharpoonandmadetheropefastwhilehewatchedthesharkcomeon.Theropewasshortasitlackedwhathehadcutawaytolashthefish.25.Atfirst,themandidn’tholdmuchhopeinthebattleagainstthesharkmainlybecause______.A.thecircumstanceswereunfavorabletohimB.hewasnotadequatelypreparedforthebattleC.hewastooscaredtofightagainstthesharkD.hethoughtitwouldbeadreamifhecaughttheshark√

---“Itmightaswellhavebeenadream,”hethoughttohimself.“IcannotkeephimfromhittingmebutmaybeIcangethim,Dentuso,hethought.Badlucktoyourmother.”

繩子子短了，缺了他割下用來綁魚的那一截。adequately充分地斷章取義33.事實細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧

1.若針對特殊標(biāo)點符號,舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要閱讀符號，例子,名言前后的內(nèi)容，然后與選項核對。2.在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus時，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，因果等關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般是同義替換項或者同義轉(zhuǎn)換項

summary34.4.選項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是絕對，也有例外。5.注意選項中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。6.細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項特點：與原文內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同；敘述過于絕對化；原文沒有提及.35.

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,rescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

2017全國卷I——B篇36.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.37.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingroparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncer