2023年考研外語提分沖刺試卷8

考研外語提分沖刺試卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1>Thekidswhogrewupon"StarTrek"can'tfind(1)

wayaroundEarth.

Americanscan(2)directtoEngland,butonlyhalfcanfind

(3)onamapofEurope.Theycanflyalmost(4)in

theUnitedStatesforafewhundreddollars,buttheyputNew

YorkStatein37placesonbothcoasts.Whentheylookforthe

UnitedStates(5),they(6)itinChina,Australia,

Brazil,Russia,IndiaandBotswana.

Forpeoplewhoaresupposedtobeleadersofthe(7)world,

Americansare(8)dumb,accordingtoasurveyconducted

fortheNationalGeographicSociety.

Inmanyschool(9),geographyhasbeenmixedwithhistory

(10)melteddownintosocialstudies.Socialstudieshas

beenprocessedinto“teacherresourcepackages"and(11)

ofgoodwriting,excitement,colorandanyideasthataren，t

simplistic;too(12)andtoodeadeningtoholdstudents)

attention.

Inthelastfewyears,evidenceofAmericaseducational

(13)haspromptedhundredsofstudies,generatedbaskets

(14)legislationandmovedparentsintoadvocacygroups.

Butthere,s(15)toshowthatthetrendhasbeen(16).

NOmatter(17)youtry,youcan'tmakeitseem(18)

thatmanyAmericanssaypandascomefromPanama,theSummer

OlympicGameswereheldinVietnamor(19)Iraq,and

ColumbuswastryingtogettoEuropewhenhebumpedinto

(20).

A.it's

B.the

C.their

D.a

2、⑵

A.write

B.fly

C.dial

D.drive

3、(3)

A.them

B.him

C.out

D.it

4、(4)

A.somewhere

B.anywhere

C.anytime

D.everywhere

5、⑸

A.itself

B.themselves

C.forthemselves

D.byitself

6、(6)

A.mark

B.spot

C.recognize

D.find

7、⑺

A.tough

B.free

C.cruel

D.real

8、(8)

A.geographically

3

B.especially

C.somewhat

D.extremely

9、(9)

A.schemes

B.systems

C.organisms

D.subjects

10、(10)

A.and

B.or

C.which

D.while

IK(ID

A.dreamed

B.Consisted

C.cheated

D.robbed

12、(12)

A.dark

B.bright

C.yellow

工4

D.gray

13、(13)

A.priority

B.inferiority

C.shortbacks

D.controversy

14、(14)

A.fullof

B.with

C.accordingto

D.outof

15、(15)

A.alittle

B.little

C.afew

D.few

16、(16)

A.stopped

B.followed

C.reversed

D.appreciated

17、(17)

5

A.how

B.if

C.whether

D.don't

18、(18)

A.comic

B.funny

C.laughable

D.ludicrous

19、(19)

A.maybe

B.onthecontrary

C.instead

D.maybe

20、(20)

A.thePacific

B.Spain

C.theAtlantic

D.America

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

KarimNasserMiranlivesonabenchintheCharlesdeGaulle

AirportontheoutskirtsofParis.Hehasbeenlivingtherefor

11years.Amazingly,thislittleseatbyabasementshopping

mall,betweenapizzeriaandafast-foodstandhasbeentheonly

placehehasbeenallowedtostayforallthattime.

Hispossessionsarecrammedintoanairporttrolleys,whichis

alwaysbesidehim.Hehasasportsbagwhichholdshisfew

clothes,ashoppingbagwithhiswashingsoapandotherbathroom

goods,andbooksandhisdiarieswhichhekeepsincardboard

boxes.

Foryears,the54-year-oldMiranhasbeentryingtoleave

CharlesdeGaulleAirportbutauthoritieswillnotlethimout

oftheairport.Thisstrangesetofcircumstanceshascontinued

for11years.

MiranwasborninIran,butisstateless]becausehehasno

documentstoprovehiscitizenry.Theyhavebeenlost.Forthis

reasonhecannotgetapassport.Miransaysthathismotheris

DanishorScottish.HisfatherdiedwhenMiranwasjustover

20yearsold,soheleftIranforBritainsearchingforhis

mother.Hecouldnotfindher,andreturnedtoIran.Helost

hiscitizenshipandtriedtoreturntoBritain.WhentheBritish

askedhimaboutrelativeswhocouldguaranteehimajob,he

couldnottelltheimmigrationofficialstheirnamesashewas

stillsearchingfor,.them.

HetriedtoenterGermany,RussiaandHollandwithoutsuccess.

HemanagedtogetintoBelgiumwherehewas'givenrefugeestatus.

FiveyearslaterheleftforFrance,buthesaysthedocument

whichgavehimrefugeestatus,andtherighttotravel,was

stolenfromhim.HecouldnotleavetheCharlesdeGaulle

Airport.Thisjvasin1988.Elevenyearslaterhewasstill

searchingforthem.

Tostartwith,friendlyairportworkersgavehimfreemeals,

andlethimusetheshowerandtoiletsthere.Theyevengave

himaccesstoaphone,andcalledtheairportdoctorwhenMiran

didnotfeelwell.

MiranbecamesuchapermanentfixtureofTerminalOnethatall

theworkersstartedtocallhimMonsieurAlfred.Eachdaythey

greetedhim,eachdayMiranwroteinhisdiaryinordertokeep

traceofhisownworld,andeachdayhefailedtoreleasehimself

fromhisgiant,glass-and-concreteprison.

Butin1999,Miranbecameconfidentthathemightbeableto

leavetheairportterminalandstartanewlife.Officialstold

himtheyfinallylocatedakeydocument,issuedin1981butlost

in1988,whichcouldbehistickettofreedom.

Evenafterelevenyearsintheairportterminal,Miransaidhe

hadnotlosthope.Hedidacorrespondencecoursetohelpto

educatehimself.Everydaytheairportpostofficecarefully

setasideallthemailaddressedtohimwithhiswrittenlessons

tobedone.Everydayheset,allalarmclocktoringat7a.m.

andafterhisteaandfoodhewouldbeginstudying.Theambition

hebuiltupwastoreturntoBrusselstodoadegree.

TheCharlesdeGaulleAirportislocated.

A.intheoutlyingdistrictofParis

B.inthecenterofParis

C.farfromParis

D.nearParis

2、

WhyMiranwasnotallowedtoleavetheCharlesdeGaulle

Airport?

A.BecauseheisanIranian.

B.BecausehehasnocitizenshipofFrance.

C.Becauseheisstateless,

D.Becauseheisarefugee.

3、

WhichofthefollowingcountrieshasMirannotbeento?

A.France.

B.Belgium.

C.Germany.

D.England.

4、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Theairportworkerstreatedhimfriendlyatfirst,but

becameindifferentlater.

B.Theofficialsfinallyfoundthelostdocumentwhichcould

proveMiran，sstateofrefugee.

C.Mirantriedhardtoreleasehimselffromtheairportbut

therewasnopossibilitytoleave.

D.Miranwasallowedtoleavetheairportin1999andhe

startedanewlifesincethen.

5、

WherewouldMiranprobablygoifhecouldleavetheairport?

A.Hewou1dprobablygobacktoIran.

B.HewouldprobablystayinFrance.

C.HewouldprobablyheadforEngland.

D.HewouldprobablygotoBelgium.

6、Asthemerchantclassexpandedintheeighteenth-century

NorthAmericancolonies,thesilversmithandthecoppersmith

businessesrosetoserveit.Onlyafewsilversmithswere

availableinNewYorkorBostoninthelateseventeenthcentury,

butintheeighteenth-centurytheycouldbefoundinallmajor

colonialcities.Noothercolonialartisansrivaledthe

silversmiths'prestige.Theyhandledthemostexpensive

materialandpasseddirectconnectionstoprosperouscolonial

merchants.Theirproducts,primarilysilverplatesandbowls,

reflectedtheirexaltedstatusandtestifiedtotheir

customers'prominence.

Silverstoodasoneofthesurestwaystostorewealthatatime

beforeneighborhoodbanksexisted.Unlikethesilvercoinsfrom

whichtheyweremade,silverarticleswerereadilyidentifiable.

Oftenformedtoindividualspecifications,theyalwayscarried

thesilversmith'sdistinctivemarkingsandconsequentlycould

betracedandretrieved.

Customersgenerallysecuredthesilverforthesilverobjects

theyordered.Theysavedcoins,tookthemtosmiths,and

discussedthetypeofpiecestheydesired.Silversmiths

compliedwiththeserequestsbymeltingthemoneyinasmall

furnace,addingabitofcoppertoform,astrongeralloy,and

castingthealloyinrectangularblocks.Theyhammeredthese

ingotstotheappropriatethicknessbyhand,shapedthem,and

presseddesignsintothemforadornment.Engravingwasalso

donebyhand.Inadditiontoplatesandbowls,somecustomers

soughtmoreintricateproducts,suchassilverteapots.These

weremadebyshapingorcastingpansseparatelyandthen

solderingthemtogether.

Colonialcoppersmithingalsocameofageintheearly

eighteenthcenturyandprosperedinnortherncities.Copper's

abilitytoconductheatefficientlyandtoresistcorrosion

contributedtoitsattractiveness.Butbecauseitwasexpensive

incolonialAmerica,coppersmithswereneververynumerous.

Virtuallyallcopperworkedbysmithswasimportedassheets

orobtainedbyrecyclingoldcoppergoods.Copperwasusedfor

practicalitems,butitwasnotadmiredforitsbeauty.

Coppersmithsemployedittofashionpotsandkettlesforthe

home.Theyshapeditinmuchthesamemannerassilverormelted

itinafoundrywithleadortin.Theyalsomixeditwithzinc

tomakebrassformaritimeandscientificinstruments.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowing

eighteenth-centurydevelopmentshadastrongimpacton

silversmiths?

A.Adecreaseinthecostofsilver.

B.Theinventionofheatefficientfurnaces.

C.Thegrowingeconomicprosperityofcolonialmerchants.

D.Thedevelopmentofnewtoolsusedtoshapesilver.

7、

IncolonialAmerica,wheredidsilversmithsusuallyobtainthe

materialtomakesilverarticles?

A.Fromtheirownmines.

B.Fromimporters.

C.Fromothersilversmiths.

D.Fromcustomers.

8、

Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasusesforcopper

incolonialAmericaEXCEPT.

A.cookingpots

B.scientificinstruments

C.musicalinstruments

D.maritimeinstruments

9、

Accordingtothepassage,silversmithsandcoppersmithsin

colonialAmericaweresimilarinwhichofthefollowingways?

A.Theamountofsocialprestigetheyhad.

B.Thewaytheyshapedthemetaltheyworkedwith.

C.Thecostofthegoodstheymade.

D.Thepracticalityofthegoodstheymade.

10、

Basedontheinformationinparagraph4,whichofthefollowing

wasprobablytrueaboutcopperinthecolonies?

A.Thecopperusedbycolonistswasnoteffectivein

conductingheat.

B.Thecopperitemscreatedbycolonialcoppersmithswerenot

skillfullymade.

C.Therewerenolocalcopperminesfromwhichcoppercould

beobtained.

D.Thepriceofcoppersuddenlydecreased.

11、Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincrease

indemandforluxurygoodsandservicethattookplacein

eighteenthcenturyEngland.McKendrickhasexploredthe

Wedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;

Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationsofprovincial

theaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren,stoysandbooks.

Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,

threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatwere

theirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandfor

luxuries?

Ananswertotheflintofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.

Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsand

servicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicing

tradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevant

personaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovidea

precisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhow

largethisconsumermarketwasandhowfarclownthesocial

scaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.With

regardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthat

Thompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestage

ofeighteenthcentury.

Englishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionof

thesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismin

general:forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenthcentury

Englandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardized

beerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,

somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturers

toadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,

hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblen

modelofconspicuousconsumptionsstimulatedbycompetition

forstatus.Themiddlingsort"boughtgoodsandservices

becausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,

wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donot

peopleenjoybuyingthingsasaform,ofseif-gratification?

Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseof

newconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnot

necessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandfor

luxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytoward

explainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoes

it?Whatforexampledoestheproductionofhigh-quality

potteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofiron

manufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohave

thepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavy

industrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedly

necessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceofthe

conclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandin

eighteenthcenturyEnglandforfrivolousaswellasuseful

goodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickand

Plumbmostprobablyinorderto.

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerism

ineighteenthcenturyEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto

eighteenthcenturyEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablish

thefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenthcenturyEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth

centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

12、

Accordingtothepassage,Thompsonattributestolaboring

peopleineighteenthcenturyEngland,whichofthefollowing

attitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Hostility.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Stubbornness.

13、

Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorusetheexampleoflaboring

peopletendingtodrinkstandardizedbeerto.

A.contrastdifferentpeople'sconsumerbehavior

B.illustratepeople'smotivesofbuyingluxurygoods

C.questionsomehistorians，assumptions

D.showlaboringpeople'sobjectiontothecapitalist

consumerism

14、

Accordingtothepassage,aVeblenmodelofconspicuous

consumptionhasbeenusedto.

A.investigatetheextentofthedemandforluxurygoods

B.classifythekindsofluxurygoodsdesiredbyeighteenth

centuryconsumers

C.explainthemotivationofeighteenthcenturyconsumersto

buyluxurygoods

D.establishtheextenttowhichthetastesofrichconsumers

wereshapedbythemiddleclassesineighteenthcenturyEngland

15、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldmost

probablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe

relationshipbetweentheIndustrialRevolutionandaboutthe

demandforluxurygoodsandservicesineighteenthcentury

England?

A.Thegrowingdemandforluxurygoodsandserviceswasamajor

factorinthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.

B.TheIndustrialRevolutionexploitedthealreadyexisting

demandforluxurygoodsandservices.

C.Althoughthedemandforluxurygoodsmayhavehelpedbring

abouttheIndustrialRevolution,thedemandforluxuryservices

didnot.

D.ThereisnoreasontobelievethattheIndustrial

Revolutionwasdirectlydrivenbyagrowingdemandforluxury

goodsandservices.

16、Television一thatmostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmodem

technologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth一ismovinginto

anewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationand

versatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.

Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblybythe

marriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theworld"television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)

andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpreted

assightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:

throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,television

providesthecapacityofconvertinganimage(focusedona

specialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronic

impulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.These

impulse,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthen

beelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.It

isameansofexpressionaswel1asavehicleforcommunication,

andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhuman

beings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategories

determinedbyitsmeansoftransmission.Firstthereis

broadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthrough

broad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,

thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,throughwhichprovidesfor

theneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthrough

controlledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.We

are-mostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeen

withusforaboutforty-sevenyearsinaform,similartowhat

existstoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,for

themostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBCandCBS,who

havebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,and

entertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactually

shapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.

Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceof

entertainment,placingoutroleinthisdynamicmediumasthe

passiveviewer.

Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriagesofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday'ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

17、

Whatistheliteralmeaningoftheword"television”?

A.MediumoftheStates.

B.Sightfromadistance.

C.Airwavetransmission.

D.Vehicleforcommunication.

18、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasa

functionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

A.Theconversionofanimageintoelectronicimpulses,

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

19、

Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Nonbroadcast.

20、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationship

betweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfrom

thepassage?

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewershavegrowntiredoftelevision.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F^G....)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Onemorning,afewyearsago,HarvardPresidentNellRudenstine

overslept.(41).Onlyafterathree-month

sabbatical一duringwhichhereadessayistLewisThomas,

listenedtoRavelandwalkedwithhiswifeonaCaribbean

beach一washeabletoreturntohispost.Thatweek,hispicture

wasonthecoverofNewsweekmagazinebesidethebannerhead

line"Exhausted!”

Intherelentlessbusynessofmodemlife,wehavelostthe

rhythmbetweenactionandrest.Ispeakwithpeopleinbusiness

andeducation,doctorsandday-careworkers,shopkeepersand

socialworkers,parentsandteachers,nursesandlawyers,

studentsandtherapists,communityactivistandcooks.

Remarkably,thereisauniversalrefrain,“Iamsobusy”.The

moreourlifespeedsup,themorewefeelweary,overwhelmed

andlost.

(42).Instead,thewholeexperienceofbeingalivebegins

tomeltintooneenormousobligation.Itbecomesthestandard

greetingeverywhere,“Iamsobusy.”

Wesaythistooneanotherwithnosmalldegreeofpride.The

busierweare,themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand,we

imagine,toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily,

tobeunabletofindtimeforthesunset(oreventoknowthat

thesunhassetatall),towhizthroughourobligationswithout

timeforasinglemindfulbreath—thishasbecomethemodelof

asuccessfullife.

Becausewedonotrest,weloseourway.Welosethenourishment

thatgivesussuccor.Wemissthequietthatgivesuswisdom.

Poisonedbythehypnoticbeliefthatgoodthingscomeonly

throughtirelesseffort,wenevertrulyrest.

Thisisnottheworldwedreamedofwhenwewereyoung.Howdid

wegetsoterriblyrushedinaworldsaturatedwithworkand

responsibility,yetsomehowbereftofjoyanddelight?

WehaveforgottentheSabbath.

(43).Itistimetobenourishedandrefreshedaswelet

ourwork,ourchoresandourimportantprojectsliefallow,

trustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareof

theworldwhenweareatrest.

Ifcertainplantspeciesdonotliedormantduringwinter,the

plantbeginstodieoff.(44).

So“RemembertheSabbath"ismorethansimplyalifestyle,

suggestion.Itisacommandment,anethicalpreceptasserious

asprohibitionsagainstkilling,stealing,andlying.

Sabbathismorethantheabsenceofwork.Manyofus,inour

desperatedrivetobesuccessfulandcareforourmany

responsibilities,feelterribleguiltwhenwetaketimetorest.

ButtheSabbathhasprovenitswisdomovertheages.Manyof

usstillrecallwhennotlongago,shopsandofficeswhere

closedonSundays.ThosequietSundayafternoonsareembedded

inourculturalmemory.

Muchofmodemlifeisspecificallydesignedtoseduceour

attentionawayfromrest.Whenweareintheworldwithoureyes

wideopen,theSeductionsareinsatiable.(45).Forthose

ofuswithchildren,thereareendlesssoccerpractices,

baseballgames,homework,laundry,housecleaning,errands.

Everyresponsibility,everystimuluscompetesforour

attention:Buyme.Dome.Watchme.Tryme.Drinkme.Itisas

ifwehaveinadvertentlystumbledintosomehorrificwonderland.

A.Restisnotjustapsychologicalconvenience;itisa

biologicalnecessity.

B.Afteryearsofnon-stoptoilinanatmospherethatrewarded

franticoverwork,Rudenstinecollapsed.

C.Hundredsofchannelsofcableandsatellitetelevision;

phoneswithmultiple1inesandcal1-waiting,beggingustotalk

tomorethanonepersonatatime;m

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlined