北京航空航天大學(xué)2007-2015年考博英語真題

北京航空航天大學(xué)2007年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

PartⅠListeningComprehension(20points)

(略)

PartⅡReadingComprehension(30points)

Directions：Therearefourpassagesinthepart．Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem，thereare4choicesmarkedA，B，CandD．Readthe

passagescarefullyanddecideonthebestchoice．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

ANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．

Passage1

Scientistsnowtendtoagreethatthenoiselevelforpotentialhearinglossbeginsatabout70

decibels．Someofthemareveryconcernedbecausenormaldailylifeoftenexposespeopleto

noiselevelsofabout70decibelseveninsidetheirhomes．Citieshavealwaysbeennoisy，butnoise

isnowspreadingtoareasthatwerequietjustafewyearsago.

Clearly，somethingmustbedoneornoisewillseriouslyandpermanentlymaimthe

population．Fortunately，theknowledgeandmethodstocontrolnoisealreadyexist．Asamatter

offact，thisisoneinstancewheretheknowledgeofcontrolmethodsexceedstheknowledgeabout

theeffectsonhumanlifeandontheenvironment．

Therearetwocommonmeansforcontrol．Thefirstisreducingnoiseatitssource，andthe

secondischangingthesoundpathbydistanceorbyshielding．

Thesecondapproachisbeingusedmoreoftentodayaspeoplebecomemoreawareofthe

dangerofnoise．Newbuildingcodesrequirebettersoundinsulationinhomesand

apartments．Moreandmoretownsarepassingzoningordinancesthattrytosegregatenoisy

factoriesorairportsfromresidentialareas．Sound-absorbentmaterialsandconstructiondesigned

toblocksoundpathsareslowlycomingintouseinofficesandhomes．Newhighwaysarebeing

builttoredirecttrafficnoiseupandawayfromnearbyareas．Aircraftareincreasinglybeing

requiredtousereducedpowerflightsaroundairports．

Therearemanyexamplesofavailablenoisecontrolmethodsthatarenotbeingused．More

flexiblebuildingcodeswouldpermittheuseofquieterkindsofplumbingpipes．Sound-absorbing

materialscanreducethenoiseofmotorsandengines．Powergeneratorsvanbequietedwith

baffles，exhaustsilencers，andsoundabsorbers．Trucktirescanbemadewithquietertreads．In

manycases，thecostofbuildingquietermachinesisthesameoronlyslightlyhigherthanthatof

thecurrentnoisyones．Eventhoughthenewequipmentmaycostmoreinitially，itcanprovemore

profitableinthelongrun．Thenewjumbojets，forexample，arequieterthantheolderones，yet

theyaremorepowerfulandcarrytwiceasmanypassengers．

Allofthesemethodsareonlypartialmeasuresasnoisylevelscontinuetorise．Most

specialistsinthefieldagreethatmuchofthesolutionmustcomefromeliminatingsomeofthe

noiseatitssource，thereforesavingthroughpreventionthelargecostsofhearingloss．

21．Thenoiselevelforpossiblebearinglossbeginsatabout__________．

A．30decibelsB．75decibelsC．100decibelsD．noneoftheabove

22．Jetpilotsarebeingadvisedtoland__________．

A.onlongerrunwaysB．fromnearbyareasC．a(chǎn)fterdarkD．withreducedpower

23．Howmanypracticalmeansforcontrollingnoisedoestheauthorpresent?

A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four

24．Thereadercanassumethatairportofthefuturewill__________．

A．haverunwaysinanorth-southpattern

B．belocatedinunpopulatedareas

C．berequiredtowarnpassengersofhighnoiselevels

D．innearbyareas

25．Jumbojetsarementionedasexamplesof__________.

A．efficienttransportationwithlowlevelsofnoise

B．vehiclesthatcauseseriousairpollution

C．scientificadvancesthatdomoreharmthangood

D．quieterandoldervehicle

Passage2

Everytimeapersoneatssomethinghemakesanutritionaldecision．Heacceptsorrejects

thefoodavailabletohimathomeformealsorsnacks．Orheselectsfoodforhimselfatmany

placesinthecommunity，suchassupermarkets，drive-ins，restaurants，andfoodcountersin

drugstores．Theseselectionsmakeadifferenceinhowanindividuallooks，howhefeels，andhow

wellhecanworkandplay．

Whenagoodassortmentoffoodinappropriateamountsisselectedandeaten，the

consequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealthandenoughenergytoallowoneto

beasactiveasoneneedsandwantstobe．Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable，theconsequences

arelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth．

StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnitedStatesshowthatfoodselectionisahighly

individualmatter，even．a(chǎn)mongyoungchildren．Furthermore,fartoomanyindividualsofallages

alemakingpoorchoicesdayafterdayandareeithernowlivingwiththeconsequencesorwillbe

inthefuture．

Nutritionistsandworkersinalliedprofessionshavebeenconcernedabouthelpingpeople

learntoselectandenjoyawidevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcanadduptoagooddiet．

Mostpeoplebelievethattheyarewellfed—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones．After

all,theyarenotreallysick，neitheraretheyhungry．However，theirnutritionisusuallypoorinone

respectoranother．Milkandmilkproducts，suchascheeses，icecreamormilk，buttermilk，and

yogurt，areoftenslighted．Thenpeoplemayskipmanyfruitsandvegetables，particularlythose

thataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAandC．Theseincludedarkgreen．Leafyvegetables；deep

yellowvegetables；andcitrusfruitsandvegetables，suchascabbage，tomatoes，andgreenpeppers．

EveryAmericanhastherighttochoosetobeuniformedaboutnutritionaswellastobe

informed．Ifapersonbelievesthatsheiswellfed，attitudes，habits，andinformationcannotbe

forceduponher．

Therearelifesituations．however．thattendtocauseallindividualtowanttoknowhowto

makethebestchoices．Forexample，ayoungcoupleisstartingafamilyandmustpreparefoodfor

youngchildren．

26．FoodpreferenceinAmericais__________.

A．culturallyorientedB．inheritedC．individualisticD．a(chǎn)ccordingtoages

27．GoodamountsofvitaminAcanbefoundin__________．

A．celeryB．bananaC．milkD．cabbage

28．Accordingtotheauthor，nutritionistsareconcernedwith__________．

A．improvingthevitamincontentofprocessedfoods

B．restrictingthemanufactureofhighcholesterolfoods

C．informingthepublicaboutwholesomefoods

D．helpingpeopleenjoyinguninformedaboutnutrition

29．Somepeoplejudgetheirnutritionbythe__________．

A．statusoftheirhealthB．grocerystoreswheretheyshop

C．a(chǎn)mountofproteinintheirdietsD．foodtheytook

30．Theauthoradvocates__________．

A．requiringhighschoolstudentstotakecoursesonnutrition

B．makinginformationonnutritionavailabletothepublic

C．forcingfoodmanufacturerstolistingredientsonpackages

D．peoplehastherighttochoosefood

Passage3

Almostsincethebeginningofmankind，governmentshavebeenrecordingthenumbersof

theirpopulace．Thefirstknowncensusreporttookplacein3800B．C．inBabyloniaforthe

purposeofdecidingwhoshouldpaytaxes．Astimewentby，governmentsfoundother，more

creativeusesforknowingtheirnumbers．EgyptianKingRamsesⅡusedthecensusnotonlyto

determinewhoshouldpaytaxes，butalsotofigureouthowtodividelandforfarmingandto

decidewhocouldprovidemanpowerforvariousgovernmentprojects．Thesenewideascame

aboutinthemid-1200s-B．C．．

WilliamtheConquerorbroughttheconceptofcensustakingtoEnglandin1085．All

landownerswererequiredtonametheirholdingsforthepurposeoftaxation．Bythefifteenth

century，TudorkingsfoundanewtwisttotheEgyptians'useofthecensus．Theytoousedthe

populationcountasameansofgettingreadymanpowerforimportantgovernmentproject．s

namely，replenishingtroopsintheongoingbattlesinwesternEurope．

ArebellioustidesweptoverEngland，however，inthemid-1700s．Abilltoauthorizearegular

censuswasdefeatedinParliamentonthegroundsthatitwouldgivevaluableinformationto

England'senemies．Butthetideofrebellionsoonturned，andin1800Englandestablisheditsfirst

regularcensus．

MeanwhiletheUnitedStateshadalreadyhadanongoingcensusfortenyears．Itwas

authorizedintheConstitutionforthepurposeofdecidinghowmanymembersofCongresswould

beneededforafairrepresentationoftheAmericanpeople．Theconstitutionalarticlealso

establishedthatthecensuswouldbetakenin1790andeverytenyearsthereafter.Andsoithas．

Sinceitsbeginning，theAmericancensushasgonethroughmanychanges．Todaythecensus

providesmorethanacountofthepeoplewholivehere．Ittakespollsontransportation，economic

planning，andagriculture．Thecensusalsoprovidesdataformostgovernmentagencystatistics，

suchastheunemploymentrate．

Countingcostshaverisensince1790．Thegovernmentspentaboutapennyperpersonto

countpest-RevolutionaryAmericans．Todaythecensuscosts$250million-morethanadollarper

person．I'That'salongwaysince3800B．C．．

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

31．ThefirstknowncensusreporttookplaceinBabyloniain__________．

A．1085B．1200B．C．3800B．C．D．1790

32．Thefirstcensuswascreatedforthesolepurposeof__________．

A．countingavailabletroopsB．dividingfarmland

C．providingmanpowerD．taxingthepopulace

33．TheAmericancensustodaycoststhegovernmentapproximately__________．

A．$0．0l／personB．$0．10／personC．$1．00／personD．$10．00／

person

34．Parliamentdefeatedabillauthorizingaregularcensusbecauseit__________．

A．mightgivevaluablenewstoEngland

B．wouldgiveEngland'senemiescauseforrebellion

C．wouldbetooexpensive

D．mightdiscloseinformationtoEngland'senemies

35．TheauthorimpliestheAmericancensusis__________．

A．relativelyinexpensivetoconductB．importanttovariousgovernmentbranches

C．a(chǎn)nexactcountofthecitizenryD．fairlyexpensivebefore1790

Passage4

Itdidn'thappenovernight．Theproblemofpollutedairhasbeenfesteringforcenturies．

Suddenlytheproblemofairpollutionisbecomingcriticalandiseruptingrightbeforeour

eyes．Notonlydooureyesburnastheyfocusthroughmurkyair，butwhentheairclears，wesee

treesandvegetationdying．Wemustrealizethatthisdestructioncannolongerbepinnedtosome

mysteriouscause．Theonemajorculpritisairpollution．

Today'sairpollutionisanunfortunateby-productofthegrowthofcivilization．Civilizedmall

desiresgoodsthatrequireheavyindustrializationandmassproduction．Machinesandfactories

sometimespolluteandtainttheairwithsubstancesthataredangeroustomanandthe

environment．Thesesubstancesincluderadioactivedust，saltspray，herbicideandpesticide

aerosols．liquiddropletsofacidicmatter，gases，andsometimessoilparticles．Thesematerialscan

actalonetoirritateobjectsandformsoflife．Moredangerously，theyjointogethertoactuponthe

environment．Onlylatelyhavewebegunrecognizingsomeoftheirdangerousconsequences．

Scientistshavenotyetbeenabletoobtainacompletereportontheeffectsofairpollutionon

trees．Theydoknow，however，thatsulfurdioxide，fluorides，andozonedestroytreesandthat

individualtreesresponddifferentlytothenumerousparticulateandgaseouspollutants．Sometimes

treesgrowinginasingleareaunderattackbypollutantswillshowsymptomsofinjuryorwilldie

whiletheirneighborsremainhealthy．Scientistsbelievethisdifferenceinresponsedependsonthe

kindoftreeanditsgeneticmakeup．Otherfactors，suchasthetree'sstageofgrowthandnearness

tothepollutionsource，theamountofpollutant，andthelengthofthepollutionattackalsoplaya

part．Inshort，whetherornotatreediesasaresultofairpollutiondependsonacombinationof

hostandenvimnmentalfactors．

Forthemostpart，airpollutantsinjuretrees．Toconifers，whichhaveyear-roundneedles，

airpollutioncausesearlybalding．Inthisevent，treescannotmaintainnormalfoodproduction

levels．Undemourishedandweakened．theyareopentoattackbyahostofinsects，diseases，and

otherenvironmentalstresses．Deathoftenfollows．

Airpollutionmayalsocausehardwoodstolosetheirleaves．Becausetheirleavesareborne

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

onlyforapartionoftheyearandarereplacedthefollowingyear，airpollutioninjuryto

hardwoodsmaynotbesosevere．

36．Theauthorattributestoday'sairpollutionto__________．

A．thegrowthofcivilizationB．man'scarelessness

C．environmentalimbalanceD．somemysteriouscause

37．Theresistanceofsometreestodiseasecanbetracedto__________．

A．protectivefoliageB．thickbarkC．geneticmakeupD．taintedair

38．Airpollutioncausesthemostdamageto__________．

A．hardwoodsB．conifersC．fruittreesD．fluorides

39．Theauthorimpliesthatthegreatestsourceofpollutionis__________．

A．heavyindustryB．chemicalprocessingplants

C．urbanexpansionD．saltspray

40．Wecanconcludethat__________．

A．a(chǎn)irpollutioniseasiertocontrolthanwaterpollution

B.theproblemofpollutedairisaproblemovernight

C．theimpactofairpollutionhasbeenknownforcenturies

D．researchontheeffortsofairpollutionisincomplete

PartⅢVocabulary(10points)

Directions：Inthispart，thereare20sentenceswithfourchoicesbeloweach

sentence．Choosethebestonefromthe4choices.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteroilthe

ANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

41．Hiddenhotelcostscanbeasourceoffrustrationtothefrugaltraveler.

A.carefulB．cleverC．ignorantD．economical

42.Thickwithtreesandsparsewithhomes，thistranquilarea50milesnorthofHouston

couldbeasliceofheaven．

A.moltenB．sereneC．isolatedD．snobbish

43．Accommodationsmustbemadeforstudentswithlearningdisabilities．

A.criminalB．pumpC．psychologyD.lodgings

44.Historywasbeingcataloguedhere，themissedopportunities，blunders,andoutright

mistakes．

A.attemptsB．insultsC．mistakesD．a(chǎn)rguments

45．Thepressmockedhisattemptstoappealtoyoungvoters．

A．ridiculedB．entertainedC．ignoredD．drew

46．Thefederalcourthasbeenputtingpressureonthestatetoadheretothepopulationcaps

inthedecree．

A．encounterB．sticktoC．prepareD．a(chǎn)nticipate

47．Widespreadwagereductionswereimposedduringtherecessionof1906—1909andprice

inflationthereafterimpededtherecoveryofrealwagelevels．

A．convolutedB．beliedC．encumberedD．stoked

48．Helplesslysheblinkedupathim，feelingaslowlethargycreepthroughherwholebody．

A．provisionB．cylinderC．contradictionD．exhaustion

49．Theattackwasmeticulouslyplannedandexecuted．

A．negligentlyB．slovenlyC．fussilyD．discreetly

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

50．Atthesametime，medicalandsocialscienceresearchbegantoindicatethatretirement

itselfhaddetrimentaleffects．

A．damagingB．magnificentC．usefulD．relevant

51．Thebatteriescanberechargedwhentheyrun________．

A．overB．downC．outD．a(chǎn)long

52．Theriotersheadeddowntown，______theyattackedcityhall．

A．sinceB．a(chǎn)sC．whereuponD．yet

53．Monday'searthquake______windowsandwokeresidents．

A．slammedB．prosecutedC．rattledD．pierced

54．Environmentalists______thatitwillnotbeeasytopersuadecardriverstousetheir

vehicleslessoften．

A．deliverB．deserveC．contrastD．concede

55．Lately，therestaurantchain，which______mainlytoblue-collardiners，hasbeenhurt

bycompetition．

A．catersB．fabricatesC．facilitatesD．flees

56．Thenation______thedeathofitsgreatwarleader．

A．protrudedB．lamentedC．rebukedD．racked

57．Thereport______poorsafetystandardsfortheaccident．

A．blamesB．chargesC．complainsD．a(chǎn)ccuses

58．Thenewschoolbuildingis______completion．

A．nearlytoB．closetoC．a(chǎn)lmostatD．justaboutat

59．Walkingisexcellentforworking______tension．

A．outB．a(chǎn)wayC．downD．off

60．Anynegativestatementsandaccusationsmadeshouldbe______andforthrightly

answered，preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate．

A．promptlyB．thoroughlyC．punctuallyD．exactly

PartⅣCloze(10points)

Directions：Inthispart，thereareincompletesentencesinthefollowingpassage．Foreach

sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD．Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthe

sentence．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthe

center．

Itisnotlongsinceconditionsinthemineswereworsethantheyarenow．Therearestill61

afewveryoldwomenwhointheiryouthhaveworked62，withharnessroundtheir

waists，andachain63passedbetweentheirlegs，crawlingonall64anddragging

tugsofcoal．Theyusedtogoon65thisevenwhentheywerepregnant．

And66now，ifcoalcouldnotbeproducedwithoutpregnantwomendraggingit67

andfro，Ifancyweshouldletthemdoit68thandepriveourselvesofcoal．Butmostof

thetime，ofcourse，weshould69toforgetthattheyweredoingit．Itisthe70

withalltypesofmanualwork；itkeepsusalive，andweareobliviousofitsexistence．Morethan

anything71perhaps，theminercanstandasthetypeofmanualworker，notonlybecause

itissovitallynecessaryand72so73，thatwearecapable74forgetting

itasweforgetthebloodinourveins．In75wayitisevenhumiliatingtowatchcoal-miners

working．Itraisesinyouamomentarydoubt76yourownstatusasan“intellectual”anda

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

superiorpersongenerally．Foritisbrought77toyou，atleastwhileyouarewatching，that

itisonly78minerssweattheirgutsout79superiorpersonscan80

superior.

61．A．a(chǎn)liveB．livingC．walkingD．breathing

62．A．undergroundB．a(chǎn)boveC．belowD．late

63．A．itB．thisC．whoD．that

64．A．limbsB．foursC．legsD．bodies

65．A．makingB．workingC．doD．doing

66．A．justB．evenC．rightD．well

67．A．fromB．forC．toD．a(chǎn)t

68．A．ratherB．moreC．wouldD．less

69．A．a(chǎn)skB．preferC．makeD．willing

70．A．sameB．whatC．soD．that

71．A．moreB．besideC．tooD．else

72．A．butB．yetC．howeverD．a(chǎn)lso

73．A．efficientB．silentC．blackD．required

74．A．toB．forC．ofD．a(chǎn)t

75．A．theB．itsC．a(chǎn)D．that

76．A．a(chǎn)boutB．withC．forD．of

77．A．pointB．homeC．muchD．it

78．A．forB．whyC．becauseD．how

79．A．soB．thatC．whyD．therefore

80．A．retainB．doC．remainD．make

PartⅤTranslation(15points)

Directions：ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese．Write

yourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET(2)．

TwoteamsofastronomersusingtheHubbleSpaceTelescopehaveoverturnedseveral

decadesofconjectureandtheorybyrulingoutthepossibilitythatsmall，dimstarsmakeupmost

ofthemassintheuniverse．

Untilnow,smallstarsknownasfaintreddwarfswereconsideredidealcandidatesforthe

so-called“darkmatter”thatisbelievedtoaccountformorethan90percentofthemassofthe

universe．

Allvisiblecelestialobjects，suchasplanets，starsandgalaxies，arebelievedtoaccountfor

only10percentofthemassoftheuniverse．Therestofthe“missingmass”ispresumablyinvisible

becauseitdoesnotemitorreflectlight，orthelightistoofeebletobedetected．Butdarkmatter

canbeindirectlydetectedduetoitsgravitationalinfluenceonothervisibleobjects．

AccordingtoBacall，professorofnaturalscienceattheInstituteofAdvancedStudyin

Princeton，NewJerseyandleaderofoneoftheteams，thenatureofdarkmatter，andits

abundance，areamongthemostimportantquestionsinmoderncosmologytoday．

Theultimatefateoftheuniversewillbedeterminedbytheamountofdarkmatterpresent．If

thereisnotenoughdarkmattertobindtheuniversetogethergravitationally，itcouldcontinue

expandingforever．Ifthereisenoughmasstoholdtheuniversetogethergravitationally，the

universemayslowdownitsexpansion,cometoahaltandbegintocontractandeventually

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

collapse．

PartⅥWriting(15points)

Directions：Writeacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonthefollowingtopiconthe

AnswerSheet(2)：Opportunityandsuccess.

北京航空航天大學(xué)2007年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

參考答案及解析

PartⅠListeningComprehension(20points)

(略)

PartⅡReadingComprehension(30points)

Passage1

21．【答案】D

【解析】題目問：噪音達(dá)到什么水平就可能導(dǎo)致聽力喪失？第一段第一thenoiselevelfor

potentialhearinglossbeginsatabout70decibels.通過這句話可知，噪音達(dá)到70分貝就可以造

成潛在聽力喪失。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇D。

22．【答案】D

【解析】題目問：為什么說噴氣飛行員是明智的？第四段最后一句“Aircraftare

increasinglybeingrequiredtousereducedpowerflightsaroundairports，通過這句話可知，在機(jī)

場周圍飛行的飛機(jī)正在被要求降低功耗。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇D。

23．【答案】B

【解析】題目問：作者介紹了集中控制噪音的方法？第三段Therearetwocommonmeans

forcontrol，通過這句話可知，關(guān)于控制噪音有兩個(gè)常規(guī)的途徑。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇B。

24．【答案】B

【解析】題目問：讀者可以猜想未來的機(jī)場會(huì)怎樣？第四段第三句“Moreandmoretowns

arepassingzoningordinancesthattrytosegregatenoisyfactoriesorairportsfromresidential

areas.通過這句話可知，將居民區(qū)與噪音污染嚴(yán)重的工廠和機(jī)場分開，是很好的控制噪音手

段。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇B。

25．【答案】A

【解析】題目問：大型噴氣式飛機(jī)是作為什么例子出現(xiàn)的？第五段最后一句“Thenew

jumbojets...theyaremorepowerfulandcarrytwiceasmanypassengers.通過這句話可知，新式

的大型噴氣機(jī)效率更高，并且能夠裝載更多的旅客。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇A。

Passage2

26．【答案】C

【解析】題目對美國食物未進(jìn)行考查。第三段StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnited

Statesshowthatfoodselectionisahighlyindividualmatter，通過這句話可知，美國人對食物的

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來

選擇主要取決于個(gè)人因素。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇C。

27．【答案】D

【解析】題目問：大量的維生素A可以在下列哪項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)？第五段Thenpeoplemayskip

manyfruitsandvegetables，particularlythosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAandC...suchas

cabbage，tomatoes，andgreenpeppers.通過這句話可知，像大白菜，西紅柿，青椒等蔬菜和

水果富含維生素A和維生素C。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇D。

28．【答案】C

【解析】題目問：營養(yǎng)學(xué)家關(guān)注什么？第四段helpingpeoplelearntoselectandenjoya

widevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcanadduptoagooddiet，通過這句話可知，營養(yǎng)學(xué)家希

望能幫助人們學(xué)會(huì)怎樣挑選能對健康有益的食品。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇C。

29．【答案】A

【解析】題目問：一些人通過什么來判斷自己的營養(yǎng)狀況？第五段Mostpeoplebelievethat

theyarewellfed—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones．Afterall,theyarenotreallysick，

neitheraretheyhungry.通過這句話可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為沒有生病，不會(huì)感到饑餓，就代表食

物選擇正確。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇A。

30．【答案】B

【解析】題目問：作者主張什么？Therearelifesituations．however．thattendtocauseall

individualtowanttoknowhowtomakethebestchoices．通過這句話可知，人們在生活中需要

知道一些營養(yǎng)知識(shí)，有時(shí)人們要知道怎樣獲得最佳選擇。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇Ｂ。

Passage3

31．【答案】C

【解析】題目問：第一份人口普查報(bào)告發(fā)生在哪一年？第一段第二句：Thefirstknown

censusreporttookplacein3800B．C．inBabylonia...，通過這句話可知，第一份人口普查報(bào)

告發(fā)生在公元前3800年的巴比倫王國。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇C。

32．【答案】D

【解析】題目問：第一份人口普查報(bào)告的唯一目的是什么？第一段第二句Thefirstknown

censusreporttookplacein3800B．C．inBabyloniaforthepurposeofdecidingwhoshouldpay

taxes．通過這句話可知，第一份人口普查的目的是確定誰應(yīng)該交稅。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇D。

33．【答案】C

【解析】題目問：美國當(dāng)今人口調(diào)查的成本大約是多少？最后一段Todaythecensuscosts

$250million-morethanadollarperperson，通過這句話可知，美國當(dāng)今人口調(diào)查的成本是2.5

億，每人一美元以上。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇C。

34．【答案】D

【解析】題目問：議會(huì)為什么否定了授權(quán)人口普查的法案？第三段第二句“Abillto

authorizearegularcensuswasdefeatedinParliamentonthegroundsthatitwouldgivevaluable

informationtoEngland'senemies.通過這句話可知，為了避免人口普查給英國的敵人提供有

用情報(bào)，國會(huì)否決了人口普查議案。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇D。

35．【答案】B

【解析】題目問：關(guān)于美國的人口葡超報(bào)告，作者暗示了什么？第五段Todaythecensus

providesmorethanacountofthepeoplewholivehere．Ittakespollson...alsoprovidesdata...such

astheunemploymentrate，通過這句話可知，現(xiàn)今，美國的人口普查不僅提供人口居住信息，

它還提供很多信息，比如失業(yè)率等。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇B。

博實(shí)教育，引領(lǐng)未來