2024年高考英語模擬卷（天津卷02）（全解全析）

2024年高考第一次模擬考試（天津卷02）英語（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：130分）注意事項：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1．（2023·天津河東·統(tǒng)考二模）Inallregions,womenlivelongerthanmen.However,social,culturalandeconomicfactorscanthenaturaladvantageofwomenparedtomen.A．challenge B．guarantee C．confirm D．a(chǎn)ffect【答案】D【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在所有地區(qū)，婦女的壽命都比男子長。然而，社會、文化和經(jīng)濟因素會影響女性相對于男性的天然優(yōu)勢。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.guarantee保證；C.confirm確認；D.affect影響。根據(jù)“Inallregions,womenlivelongerthanmen.However,social,culturalandeconomicfactors”可知，社會、文化和經(jīng)濟因素也會影響到壽命。故選D。2．（2023·天津紅橋·統(tǒng)考一模）Ithinkyou’dbetteravoidtalkingaboutpolitics,religionandother______topicswithhimifyouarenotclosefriends.A．sensitive B．skeptical C．a(chǎn)ggressive D．a(chǎn)ttractive【答案】A【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為，如果你們不是好朋友，最好避免和他談論政治、宗教等敏感話題。A.sensitive敏感的；B.skeptical懷疑的；C.aggressive有敵意的，冒犯的；D.attractive吸引人的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞sensitive“敏感的”作定語修飾名詞topics，滿足句意要求。故選A項。3．（2023·天津河東·統(tǒng)考一模）Thedevelopmentofnewmedia,________fromtheinternettodigitaltelevision，meansthatpeopleworkinginadvertisingwillhavetoeupwithmorewaystocatchthepublic’sattention.A．ranges B．ranged C．torange D．ranging【答案】D【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到數(shù)字電視等新媒體的發(fā)展，意味著從事廣告工作的人將不得不想出更多方法來吸引公眾的注意力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，means是謂語，that引導的是賓語從句，從句中的謂語是willhave，所以此處應為非謂語動詞，range與其邏輯主語thedevelopmentofnewmedia之間為主動關系，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示的是當前的狀態(tài)，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。故選D項。4．（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）TheNorthandSouthPolesrepresentsthefinalfrontiersofexplorationonEarth,and________theyhavebeeanstrongattractionforbothresearchersandtourists.A．inotherwords B．a(chǎn)saconsequenceC．bytheway D．onthecontrary【答案】B【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：北極和南極代表著地球上最后的探索前沿，因此它們對研究人員和游客都有很強的吸引力。A.inotherwords換句話說；B.asaconsequence因此；C.bytheway順便說一下；D.onthecontrary正相反。根據(jù)“TheNorthandSouthPolesrepresentsthefinalfrontiersofexplorationonEarth”和“theyhavebeeanstrongattractionforbothresearchersandtourists”可知，前后構(gòu)成因果關系。故選B。5．（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）ThepowerofCharlieChaplin’sworksisnotonlyinhisacting,butalsointhestoriesandcharactershe________.A．hadcreated B．hascreated C．created D．creates【答案】C【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：查理卓別林作品的力量不僅在于他的表演，還在于他創(chuàng)造的故事和人物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為謂語動詞，全文為現(xiàn)在的語境，他“創(chuàng)建”故事和人物發(fā)生在過去，所以此處應使用一般過去時態(tài)，且與主語為主動關系。故選C項。6．（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）You________soslowly.Ijustneededafewsecondstogetusedtoyourvoice.A．shouldn’tspeak B．couldn’thavespokenC．don’thaveto D．needn’thavespoken【答案】D【詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。句意：你沒有必要說得那么慢。我只需要幾秒鐘就能習慣你的聲音。A.shouldn’tspeak不應該說；B.couldn’thavespoken不能說；C.don’thaveto不必；D.needn’thavespoken沒有必要說。結(jié)合語意，我只需要很短的時間就能習慣你的聲音，所以你沒有必要說得那么慢。故選D項。7．（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）Thewayweusealanguageisso________thatonecouldsaythereareasmanyvarietiesasspeakersofEnglish.A．individual B．mon C．exceptional D．reliable【答案】A【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們使用一種語言的方式是如此的個性化，以至于我們可以說英語的種類像它的使用者一樣多。A.individual獨特的；特別的；B.mon常見的；C.exceptional杰出的；罕見的；D.reliable可靠的。根據(jù)句中結(jié)果狀語“thereareasmanyvarietiesasspeakersofEnglish”可推知，因為我們使用語言的方式是如此的個性化，所有英語的種類像它的使用者一樣多。故選A。8．（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）Hi,there.CanIhelpyouwithanythingtoday?Oh,yes.________,I’dliketobuyapresentformyniece’sbirthday.A．Exactly B．Somehow C．Actually D．Definitely【答案】C【詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：——嘿，你好。今天我能幫你什么忙嗎？——哦，是的。其實，我想為侄女的生日買一份禮物。A.Exactly確切地；B.Somehow以某種方式；C.Actually事實上；D.Definitely肯定地，明確地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應為副詞作狀語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“事實上”為actually。故選C項。9．（2022·天津河西·統(tǒng)考一模）Tofightagainstglobalwarming,scientistsareworkingonenergysavingmeasurestoreducefuel________.A．consumption B．collection C．mitment D．distribution【答案】A【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了對抗全球變暖，科學家們正在研究減少燃料消耗的節(jié)能措施。A.consumption消耗；B.collection收藏品；C.mitment承諾；D.distribution分配。根據(jù)上文“Tofightagainstglobalwarming,scientistsareworkingonenergysavingmeasurestoreducefuel”可知，指科學家們正在研究減少燃料消耗的節(jié)能措施，來對抗全球變暖，應用consumption。故選A。10．（2023·天津·校聯(lián)考一模）It’seleveno’clockalready.______youwatchthemovieatsuchalatehour?A．Can B．Must C．May D．Shall【答案】B【詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。句意：已經(jīng)11點了。這么晚了，你一定要看電影嗎？A.Can能，可以；B.Must必須，一定，偏要；C.May可以，可能；D.Shall(表示說話人的允諾、命令、決心等，用于陳述句的第二、三人稱)必須，應，可。情態(tài)動詞must可以表示堅持或固執(zhí)，表達“偏要，偏偏”符合語境。故選B項。11．（2023·天津·校聯(lián)考一模）______myhighschoollife,I’dliketogivethemostimportantadvice—toreadthewonderfulworksfromthewriterMayaAngelou.A．Attachingsignificanceto B．LookingbackonC．Takingadvantageof D．Losingtrackof【答案】B【詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：回顧我的高中生活，我想給最重要的建議——閱讀作家瑪雅·安杰洛的精彩作品。A.Attachingsignificanceto認為……很重要；B.Lookingbackon回顧；C.Takingadvantageof利用；D.Losingtrackof失去聯(lián)系。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“回顧”應為lookbackon符合語意，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，與句子主語均為主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選B項。12．（2023·天津·校聯(lián)考一模）—Doyouknowanewshoppingmallopenedinourtownyesterday?—Yes.Whydon’twepayavisit______wehavetime?A．since B．though C．until D．unless【答案】A【詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：——你知道昨天我們鎮(zhèn)上新開了一家購物中心嗎？——是的。既然我們有時間，為什么不去逛逛呢？A.since因為，既然；B.though雖然；C.until直到……為止；D.unless除非。根據(jù)上下文可知，前文存在因果關系，此處應用since引導原因狀語從句。故選A項。13．（2023·天津南開·統(tǒng)考一模）TherearesomecharactersinJaneAusten’sbooksin________livesaslightfallofsnowisanevent.A．her B．whom C．whose D．their【答案】C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在簡·奧斯汀的書中，有一些人物的生活中，一場小雪是一件大事?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，先行詞是character，代替先行詞作lives的定語，應用關系代詞whose。故選C項。14．（2023·天津南開·統(tǒng)考一模）Althoughthetheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshows________powerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilizationareamongpeople.A．that B．how C．what D．whether【答案】B【詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這個理論已經(jīng)被學者們否定，但它顯示了古代瑪雅文明的奧秘在人們心中是多么地有影響力。A.that引導賓語從句時無意義，起連接作用；B.how多么，如何；C.what什么；D.whether是否。分析句子可知，空后“powerful”是形容詞，此處應用how引導賓語從句，表示“多么地有影響力”。故選B。15．（2023·天津河東·統(tǒng)考二模）—HereisaneweditionofCrazyEnglish.Doyouwanttolookatit?—!Letmeseeit.A．Byallmeans B．NotreallyC．Mindyourownbusiness D．Cheerup【答案】A【詳解】考查交際用語。句意：——這是新版的《瘋狂英語》。你想看看嗎?——當然!讓我看看。A.Byallmeans用一切手段；好的；當然；B.Notreally事實上不是；C.Mindyourownbusiness管好你自己的事,少管閑事；D.Cheerup高興起來；振作起來。根據(jù)“Letmeseeit.”可知，當然想看新版的《瘋狂英語》。故選A。第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（2023·天津河北·統(tǒng)考二模）AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.Twokids,RayJandGil,16that.OnedayinourfirstNASCAR(NationalAssociationofStockCarAutoRacing)season,myteammate,RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.Hesaidsomethingabout17tomissworkforevenaday.“Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your18esfirst.”Thefollowingmonthswere19forRayJ,chemotherapy(化療)andlongstaysinthehospital.Hewasso20thathecouldbarelyplay.However,the21boyhadbeenfightingagainstillness.Ialwaysfacedchallengesbygoing22andpushingmyselfharder.Buthowcouldastockcardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?Forthefirsttimeinmylifethe23didn’tseemsoimportant.Gilwasasixyearoldboywithararebonedisease.Hisbonesweresoeasytobreakthatahugmight24oneofthem.Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎縮).However,hehadabig25.Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces,Ididn’t26hishand.27,Iheldupmyhand.Hetoucheditandthenpulledhishandback.Hesmiledmorebrightly.Iwentdownonmy28andwetalked.HewasahugeNASCAR29.Hecouldn’tgooutsideand30,butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis31“Iloveitwhenyouwin,Jeff.”Win.Thatwordagain.HadIeverthoughtmuchaboutwhatit32?WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,andit’showI33myfamily.Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe34linefirst.Thetwokidsarethetrue35.16．A．recognized B．a(chǎn)chieved C．resigned D．changed17．A．hating B．expecting C．failing D．refusing18．A．fee B．choice C．family D．a(chǎn)ttitude19．A．necessary B．difficult C．a(chǎn)bsurd D．unforgettable20．A．hopeless B．desperate C．careful D．weak21．A．easygoing B．strongwilled C．hardworking D．a(chǎn)bsentminded22．A．safer B．faster C．wider D．harder23．A．problem B．possession C．race D．a(chǎn)dventure24．A．damage B．cure C．change D．influence25．A．sound B．goal C．face D．smile26．A．examine B．outstretch C．move D．shake27．A．Instead B．Generally C．Obviously D．Furthermore28．A．legs B．feet C．knees D．a(chǎn)nkles29．A．fan B．expert C．petitor D．developer30．A．holdon B．runaround C．giveup D．breakthrough31．A．debt B．task C．optimism D．pain32．A．meant B．brought C．split D．needed33．A．love B．manage C．support D．encourage34．A．straight B．finish C．start D．red35．A．losers B．cooperators C．winners D．doctors【答案】16．D17．A18．C19．B20．D21．B22．B23．C24．A25．D26．D27．A28．C29．A30．B31．D32．A33．C34．B35．C【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者作為一名賽車手，他的工作和生活就是贏得比賽，然而兩個孩子的故事徹底改變了他對贏的看法，他認為他們才是人生贏家。16．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我五歲贏得第一場比賽后，我的生活就是贏得比賽。兩個孩子，RayJ和Gil，改變了這一點。A.recognized認出；B.achieved獲得；C.resigned辭職；D.changed改變。根據(jù)前文“l(fā)ifewasaboutwinningraces”和尾段“Thetwokidsarethetrue20”可知，作者認為，兩個孩子改變了他的這種觀點。故選D項。17．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他說他不想耽誤一天的工作。A.hating不愿；B.expecting期待；C.failing失敗；D.refusing拒絕。根據(jù)后文““Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your3esfirst.””可知，我讓Ray回家，說明Ray不想耽誤工作。故選A項。18．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你的家庭是第一位的。A.fee費用；B.choice選擇；C.family家庭；D.attitude態(tài)度。根據(jù)前文“RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.”可知，作者認為Ray應該回家照顧患了癌癥家人，即家庭最重要。故選C項。19．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來的幾個月對RayJ來說很困難，化療和長時間住院。A.necessary必要的；B.difficult困難的；C.absurd荒謬的；D.unforgettable難忘的。根據(jù)后文“chemotherapy(化療)andlongstaysinthehospital”可知，RayJ過得很困難。故選B項。20．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他太虛弱了，幾乎不能玩。A.hopeless無望的；B.desperate絕望的；C.careful仔細的；D.weak虛弱的。根據(jù)后文“thathecouldbarelyplay.”可知，RayJ虛弱的都不能玩。故選D項。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這個意志堅強的男孩一直在與疾病作斗爭。A.easygoing隨和的；B.strongwilled意志堅強的；C.hardworking努力工作的；D.absentminded心不在焉的。根據(jù)后文“hadbeenfightingagainstillness”可知，RayJ是一個意志堅強的孩子。故選B項。22．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：面對挑戰(zhàn)，我總是開得更快，更努力。A.safer更安全；B.faster更快；C.wider更寬；D.harder更努力。根據(jù)后文“andpushingmyselfharder”和“astockcardriverlikeme”可知，作為一個賽車司機，作者遇到挑戰(zhàn)時會更努力、把車開的更快。故選B項。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我人生中第一次覺得比賽不那么重要了。A.problem問題；B.possession職業(yè)；C.race比賽；D.adventure冒險。根據(jù)前文“AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.”和“Buthowcouldastockcardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?”可知，面對生病無助的孩子，作者認為比賽沒那么重要。故選C項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的骨頭很容易折斷，一個擁抱可能會傷到其中一根。A.damage傷害；B.cure治愈；C.change改變；D.influence影響。根據(jù)前文“Hisbonesweresoeasytobreak”可知，甚至一個擁抱都有可能傷害到他的骨頭。故選A項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他笑得很開心。A.sound聲音；B.goal目標；C.face臉；D.smile笑容。根據(jù)前文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎縮).”和“However,hehadabig”可知，即使Gil身體遭受極大痛苦，但是他很樂觀，面帶笑容。故選D項。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我怕把他的骨頭弄碎，所以沒有和他握手。A.examine檢查；B.outstretch伸展；C.move移動；D.shake握手。根據(jù)前文“Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces”可知，作者哲因為害怕傷害到Gil的骨頭，沒有握他的手。故選D項。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我舉起了手。A.Instead相反；B.Generally一般；C.Obviously明顯地；D.Furthermore而且。后文“Iheldupmyhand.”與前文“Ididn’t11hishand.”是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選A項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我屈膝，然后我們聊了起來。A.legs腿；B.feet腳；C.knees膝蓋；D.ankles腳踝。根據(jù)上文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,”可知，作者屈膝和他說話。godownonone’sknees是固定短語，意為“跪下，屈膝”。故選C項。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是納斯卡的超級粉絲。A.fan粉絲；B.expert專家；C.petitor比賽者；D.developer研發(fā)者。根據(jù)后文“watchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedrivers”可知，Gil是NASCAR(全國運動汽車競賽協(xié)會)的粉絲。故選A項。30．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他不能出去到處跑，但看比賽，了解車手的一切，讓他從痛苦中解脫出來。A.holdon抓??；B.runaround到處跑；C.giveup放棄；D.breakthrough突破。根據(jù)前文“couldn’tgooutsideand”可知，Gil不能隨意到處亂跑著玩。故選B項。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不能出去到處跑，但看比賽，了解車手的一切，讓他從痛苦中解脫出來。A.debt債；B.task任務；C.optimism樂觀；D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)前文“butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis

16”可知，雖然不能出去玩，但是看比賽和了解賽車手可以讓他身體的痛苦中解脫出來。故選D項。32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾經(jīng)想過這意味著什么嗎？A.meant意味著；B.brought帶來；C.split分裂；D.needed需要。根據(jù)后文“WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,”可知，作者很少反思過贏意味著什么。故選A項。33．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我的工作，也是我養(yǎng)家糊口的方式。A.love愛；B.manage管理；C.support支持，供養(yǎng)；D.encourage鼓勵。根據(jù)前文“That’smyjob”可知，賽車是作者養(yǎng)家糊口的方式。supportone’sfamily意為“養(yǎng)家糊口”。故選C項。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但勝利不僅僅是第一個沖過終點線。這兩個孩子才是真正的贏家。A.straight直線；B.finish終點；C.start開始；D.red紅色。根據(jù)前文“winning”可知，贏意味著沖過“終點線”finishline。故選B項。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但勝利不僅僅是第一個沖過終點線。這兩個孩子才是真正的贏家。A.losers失敗者；B.cooperators合作者；C.winners贏家；D.doctors醫(yī)生。根據(jù)前文“Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe19linefirst.”以及上文中兩個男孩的故事，作者認為，贏不只是沖過比賽中的終點線，贏應該從整個生命和生活意義的層面上來定義，而兩個孩子的積極態(tài)度才是贏得了與困難作斗爭的這場人生的比賽。故選C項。第二部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題分，滿分50分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考二模）ApplyingtostudyintheUKisastraightforwardprocessandwewillguideyouthroughitstepbystep.DecideonauniversityorcollegeandcourseingtostudyintheUKisyouropportunitytogaintheskills,outlookandconfidenceyouneedtofulfilyourpotential.Toensureyouchoosethecoursethatisrightforyouandforwhatyouwanttoachieve,itisbesttoreadasmuchasyoucanabouttherangeofcourses,collegesanduniversitiesavailableandparethem.Itisalsoimportanttocheckthecourseentryrequirements.Youcandothisusingourcoursesearchtool,orthecourseprofilesontheinstitutions’websites.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontacttheuniversitydirectly,whowillbeveryhappytohelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed.RegisterandapplyApplyingforanundergraduatecourseintheUKissimple:thereisoneplacewhereyoucanregisterandapplytoalloftheUKuniversitiesandcolleges—youregisterandapplythroughUCAS(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService).PostgraduatecoursesintheUKhavetheirownspecificentryrequirementsandapplicationprocesses,sochecktheindividualcoursewebsitesforinstructionsonhowtoapply.Clickheretofindoutmoreabouttheapplicationprocedure.AcceptyourofferYouruniversityorcollegewillcontactyou(usuallyviaemail)totellyouwhetherornotyouhavereceivedanoffertostudy.IfyouappliedviaUCASit’seasytotrackthestatusofyourapplicationatanytime.Ifyouareacceptedwithanunconditionaloffer,thencongratulations!Youhaveaplaceandyoucanacceptstraightaway.Ifyouareacceptedwithaconditionaloffer,theplaceisyoursaslongasyoumeetafewextrarequirements.ThiscouldbeachievingcertainexamgradesorEnglishlanguagetestscores.PrepareforyourstayOnceyouhaveyourofferandyourvisa,it’stimetogetpacking!36．WhatisanecessaryrequirementforapplyingtostudyintheUK?A．Fulfillingyourpotentialandskills.B．Meetingthecourseentryrequirements.C．Buildingconfidencetostudywell.D．Takingrequiredcoursesinadvance.37．Morespecificinformationofthecoursesandcollegesisavailablefrom________.A．exploringthecourseprofilesB．usingthecoursesearchtoolC．phoningorwritingtotheuniversityD．searchingtheinstitutions’webs38．Applyingforpostgraduatecoursesrequires________.A．registeringatUCASfirstB．a(chǎn)pplyingthroughUCASC．contactingtheadmissionsserviceD．followingcourseinstructions39．WhatistheadvantageofapplyingthroughUCAS?A．Gettingupdateswheneveryouwant.B．Receivingthejobapplicationresulteasily.C．Emailingyoutheofferinformationquickly.D．Offeringyoustudyopportunityreadily.40．Ifyoureceiveaconditionaloffer,youwillhaveto________.A．waitforthefinaldecisionB．fulfillsomeadditionalcriteriaC．takeupthepositionquicklyD．sitforfinalexamsagain【答案】36．B37．C38．D39．A40．B【導語】本文為一篇應用文。文章對于如何申請在英國學習給出了詳細的步驟。36．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Decideonauniversityorcollegeandcourse部分“Itisalsoimportanttocheckthecourseentryrequirements.(檢查課程入學的要求也很重要。)”可知，申請在英國學習的基本要求就是你需要滿足課程入學的要求，故選B。37．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Decideonauniversityorcollegeandcourse部分“Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontacttheuniversitydirectly,whowillbeveryhappytohelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed.(如果你有任何其他問題，可以直接聯(lián)系大學，大學都會樂意幫助你找到你所需要的信息。)”可知，關于大學和課程，更多具體的信息可以通過直接給大學打或者寫信的方式獲取，故選C。38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Registerandapply部分“PostgraduatecoursesintheUKhavetheirownspecificentryrequirementsandapplicationprocesses,sochecktheindividualcoursewebsitesforinstructionsonhowtoapply.(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService).(英國研究生課程有著它們自己特定的入學要求和申請過程，因此你需要查看個人課程網(wǎng)站來尋找關于如何申請的說明。)”可知，申請研究生課程需要遵循課程說明，故選D。39．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Acceptyouroffer部分“IfyouappliedviaUCASit’seasytotrackthestatusofyourapplicationatanytime.(如果你通過UCAS申請的，你可以隨時跟蹤你的申請狀態(tài)。)”可知，通過UCAS申請的好處在于可以隨時了解關于申請的最新信息，故選A。40．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Acceptyouroffer部分“Ifyouareacceptedwithaconditionaloffer,theplaceisyoursaslongasyoumeetafewextrarequirements.(如果你被有條件錄取，只要你滿足一些額外的要求，這個名額還是為你留著。)”可知，如果你收到了有條件錄取，那么你就必須要達到一些額外的標準，才能被正式錄取，故選B。B（2023·天津·校聯(lián)考二模）Onlyshockpreventedthetearsfromstreamingdownmyface.Mycellsweredead.AfterbeingacceptedintothepetitiveStanfordInstitutesofMedicineSummerResearchProgram(SIMR),andspendingapproximately170hoursofthepastmonthstudyinghumanembryonicstemcells(hESCs)(人胚胎干細胞),Iwasbacktosquareon—withonlyonemonthofmyinternship(實習)left.HowintheworldwasIgoingtomakeupforlosttime?AsIaskedmyselfthequestion,IthoughtbacktoexactlyhowIhadspentthose170hoursworkingtodevelopthestemcells.Istartedmyinternshipalittleoverwhelmedbytheplexequipmentinthelab.AfterIfamiliarizedmyselfwiththeequipment,IbegantofindthefunctionofPRDMI—agenethoughttocontrolreplication(復制)inhESCs.First,though,Ineededtomakeagrowthmedium(培養(yǎng)基)forthehESCs.Ipainstakinglymeasuredtothetenmillionthofaliter,testingtheaccuracyofeachmeasurementmultipletimesbeforefinallyputtingitintothemediumsolution.AfterIplatedthehESCsonmynewmedium,Iwaitedwithbatedbreathfortheresults.Tomyjoy,twodayslater,mycellsweregrowingverywellandevenoutgrowingtheirnewhome.IsuccessfullycreatedhundredsofstablehESCs.Everythingseemedtobegoingsowell.Butnow“Nancy,Iknowtakingthenewsthefirsttimecanbehard,butkeepinmind,youprobablydidn'tdoanythingwrong.Youknowhowsensitivetheyare.Thissortofthingismonwhenworkingwithstemcells,”theprogramdirectorsaidgently.“Iknow,”Isaid.“I’mreadytotryagain.”ThomasEdisonsaid.“Ourgreatestweaknessliesingivingup.Themostcertainwaytosucceedisalwaystotryjustonemoretime.41．WhatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph1?A．Shewasseriouslyillbecauseofacelldisease.B．Herinternshipwasshortenedforsomereason.C．Herresearchresultdidn'treachherexpectation.D．Shecriedalotafternotacplishinghergoal.42．Howlongdidtheauthor’sinternshipremainwhenthecellslosttheirlives?A．Onemonth. B．Twomonths.C．Onehundredandseventyhours. D．Oneyear.43．Whatarethefeelingsexpressedintheunderlinedsentence?A．Doubtandconfusion. B．Reliefandrelaxation.C．Anxietyandeagerness. D．Sadnessanddisappointment.44．Accordingtotheprogramdirector,whatisveryusualduringreplicationinhESCs?A．Effortsmadeinvain. B．Cellsgrowingtoobig.C．Researchersgettinginjured. D．Mediumsolutionincorrectlymeasured.45．Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughthisstory?A．Hardworkalwaysbringsgoodluck. B．Sticktohopeandnevergiveup.C．Thinktwicebeforeyouact. D．Nevermissamistake.【答案】41．C42．A43．C44．A45．B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在斯坦福醫(yī)學院暑期研究項目(SIMR)實習期間的經(jīng)歷，在那里他們花了170個小時研究人類胚胎干細胞(hESCs)。在最初成功地制造出穩(wěn)定的hESCs后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些細胞已經(jīng)死亡。作者感到震驚和不知所措，回憶起他們在工作中付出的努力，并決定不顧挫折再試一次。41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Onlyshockpreventedthetearsfromstreamingdownmyface.Mycellsweredead.(只有震驚使我的眼淚沒有從臉上流下來。我的細胞都死了)”可知，作者研究所培養(yǎng)的細胞都死了，即她的研究結(jié)果沒有達到她的預期。故選C。42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasbacktosquareon—withonlyonemonthofmyinternship(實習)left.(我又回到了正軌——我的實習只剩下一個月了)”可知，在培養(yǎng)的細胞死亡時，作者的實習期只剩下一個月的時間。故選A。43．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句前面的內(nèi)容“AfterIplatedthehESCsonmynewmedium,(我把hESCs鍍在新培養(yǎng)基上后)”以及劃線句后面的句子“Tomyjoy,twodayslater,mycellsweregrowingverywellandevenoutgrowingtheirnewhome.(令我高興的是，兩天后，我的細胞生長得非常好，甚至超過了它們的新家)”可知，作者提交了自己新的培養(yǎng)基后，以一種期待的焦急和渴望的心情等待著實驗結(jié)果。由此推知，劃線句與C選項為同義詞，即表示“焦急和渴望”。故選C。44．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Thissortofthingismonwhenworkingwithstemcells.(這種情況在處理干細胞時很常見)”可知，在實驗過程中培養(yǎng)的細胞死亡是非常常見的事情。故選A。45．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThomasEdisonsaid.“Ourgreatestweaknessliesingivingup.Themostcertainwaytosucceedisalwaystotryjustonemoretime.(托馬斯·愛迪生說。“我們最大的弱點在于放棄。成功最可靠的方法就是再試一次)”可推知，作者通過自己的故事告訴讀者堅持希望不要放棄。故選B。C（2023·天津河北·統(tǒng)考二模）EveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheUSandsouthernCanadasearchformilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernoverdecreasinghabitathasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough—withinthebutterflies’rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarchcaterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobeedesensitized(使不再敏感)toit—butthatmightcausetroubletothemlateron,too.Noisepollutionisknowntoaffectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntilrecently,scientistshavenevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlymovingwithshortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddownascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltaspecialcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintomicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthanthoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise—exposedgroupreturnedtobaselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12daydevelopmentperiod,DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.“Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbeeadults,”saysDavis.ArapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwomonthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredatorsandfightwindcurrents.Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatsalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.“Therearesomanypotentialroadhabitatsformonarchsandotherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtotakeadvantageof,”Norrissays.“Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.”46．Whydidconservationistscreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides?A．Becausetheyconcernedoverdecreasingmonarchhabitat.B．Becauseitwasvitalforthemonarchtogrowquickly.C．Becausetheywereurgedtomakeanexperiment.D．Becauseitwasgoodforthemonarchtomigrate.47．WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?A．Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.B．Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.C．Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars’heartrates.D．Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.48．AccordingtoAndyDavis,whatmighthappentomonarchbutterflieswhenexposedtotrafficnoise?A．Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.B．Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.C．Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybeeadults.D．Theyaremorelikelytobekilledandeatenintheirmigration.49．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?A．Monarchs’survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.B．Peopleshouldavoidbuildingroadsidehabitatsforinsects.C．Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs’developmentalperiods.D．Butterflies’risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.50．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheRelationshipsBetweenMonarchButterfliesandHighwayB．TheEffectsofHighwayNoiseonMonarchButterfliesC．TheChangesofMonarchButterfliesAlongHighwayD．TheBenefitsofProtectingMonarchButterflies【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．B50．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了公路上行駛中的車輛造成的噪音對黑脈金斑蝶的影響：黑脈金斑蝶毛蟲如果在噪聲中度過發(fā)育期，導致對聲音脫敏，不再產(chǎn)生快速的應激反應，最終在越冬之旅中可能會遭遇殺身之禍。46．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Concernoverdecreasinghabitathasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough—withinthebutterflies’rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.(出于對棲息地減少的擔憂，環(huán)保人士敦促他們在路邊創(chuàng)造對黑脈金斑蝶友好的空間，這些空間在蝴蝶的活動范圍內(nèi)，通常是公有的，且綽綽有余。)”可知，自然資源保護主義者要在路邊創(chuàng)造對黑脈金斑蝶友好的空間是出于對黑脈金斑蝶的棲息地在日益減少的擔憂。故選A項。47．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlymovingwithshortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddownascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltaspecialcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintomicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.(喬治亞大學的保護生理學家安迪·戴維斯在網(wǎng)上看到在汽車經(jīng)過時路邊的黑脈金斑蝶毛蟲會明顯地左右或上下快速移動的視頻，他想知道持續(xù)不斷的噪音會對它們產(chǎn)生什么影響。戴維斯制造了一種特殊的毛蟲心臟監(jiān)測器，在顯微鏡上安裝了一個小傳感器，當它們在實驗室里聽交通聲音錄音時，可以精確測量帝王蝶的心率。)”可知，安迪·戴維斯發(fā)現(xiàn)黑脈金斑蝶毛蟲在汽車經(jīng)過時有明顯顫抖，這個現(xiàn)象啟發(fā)他去探索噪音對黑脈金斑蝶毛蟲的影響。故選D項。48．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“‘Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbeeadults,”saysDavis.ArapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwomonthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredatorsandfightwindcurrents.(戴維斯說，當毛蟲成年后，這種脫敏可能會產(chǎn)生問題。在長達兩個月的墨西哥越冬之旅中，快速的應激反應對黑脈金斑蝶來說至關重要，因為它們要與氣流作斗爭，僥幸逃脫捕食者。)”可知，在噪音中成長的毛蟲會對噪音脫敏，不再產(chǎn)生快速的應激反應，最終會使他們更有可能在越冬之旅的遷徙過程中被殺害、被捕食。故選D項。49．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatsalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.‘Therearesomanypotentialroadhabitatsformonarchsandotherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtotakeadvantageof,’Norrissays.‘Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.’(安大略省圭爾夫大學的生態(tài)學家RyanNorris沒有參與這項研究，但他指出，嘈雜的發(fā)育期是否會降低黑脈金斑蝶的存活率尚不清楚。但無論如何，他認為路邊棲息地幾乎肯定會提高因汽車碰撞導致蝴蝶的死亡率上升。Norris說：‘對于黑脈金斑蝶和其他昆蟲來說，有很多潛在的道路棲息地，這將是一件很好的事情。但你就是無法避開交通，我認為道路和黑脈金斑蝶不能混為一談。’)”可知，RyanNorris認為“在路邊為昆蟲建造棲息地”會導致很多黑脈金斑蝶可能撞上汽車而死，同時他認為縱然有潛在的道路棲息地，對于黑脈金斑蝶來說是好事，但是只要