2023屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三年級上冊一模英語試卷（解析版）

普陀區(qū)2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語質(zhì)量調(diào)研

英語試卷

考生注意：

1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。

2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做

在試卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在

答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheend

ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

1.A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Anagent.D.Abusinessman.

2.A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inasupermarket.D.Inamuseum.

3.A.Itissatisfactory.B.Itiswelldecorated.

C.Itisdisappointing.D.Itisinconvenient.

4.A.OnJuly7th.B.OnJuly8th.C.OnJuly9th.D.OnJuly10th.

5.A.Shefoundnooneonthestage.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.

C.Shewasn'tinterestedintheshow.D.Shedidn'tgetafavorableseat.

6.A.Themanofteneatsoutforbreakfast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreakfast.

C.Themandoesn'teatbreakfast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn'tservelunch.

7.A.Sellingonions.B.Plantingvegetables.

C.Cookingameal.D.Pickingtomatoes.

8.A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.There'satrafficjamonBroadwayStreet.

C.Themanisreadingthenewsonair.D.Avehicleispollutingtheairseriously.

9.A.Themovieisgoodexceptthebadending.B.Themoviewonanaward.

C.Sheagreeswiththeman'scomments.D.Shedoesn'tlikethespecialeffects.

10.A.Workinghard.B.Refusingthejoboffer.

C.Expectinganotherchance.D.Findinganidealjob.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyou

willbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesand

theconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouheara

question,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingnews.

11.A.13.B.31.C.113.D.13L

12.A.Morewomenwillwinawardsthanmeninthefuture.

B.BettozziisthefirstwomantowintheNobelChemistryPrize.

C.InequalityintheNobelPrizeselectionprocessisdecreasing.

D.TwoDanishscientistshavewontheNobelPrizeforChemistry.

13.A.Nobel'slifestory.B.ThreeNobelChemistryPrizewinners.

C.TheNobelChemistryPrize.D.ThevotingprocessfortheNobelPrize.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Helpingyouhealabrokenheart.B.Helpingyouliveinyourownworld.

C.Helpingyoucureallkindsofdiseases.D.Helpingyouconnectothersfbrcomfort.

15.A.Itisimpossibletohealwithsadmusic.

B.Heartacheiscurableevenwithoutsadmusic.

C.Listeningtosadmusicstimulatesthedesiretocontactothers.

D.Whenyoufeelsad,listeningtosadmusicwillliftyourmood.

16.A.Sadpeopleshouldnotlistentosadmusic.

B.Sadmusiccanhelpyourecoverfromabrokenheart.

C.Youcanlistentosadmusicwhenyouaresad.

D.Listeningtosadmusichasgreateffectonmood.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Classmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Roommates.D.Brotherandsister.

18.A.Shehastowriteanessayatthelibrary.

B.Shehastogotothelibraryandmeetherteacherthere.

C.Shehastoreturnherbookstothelibrarytoday.

D.Shehastolookforsomebooksatthelibrary.

19.A.He'llbelatefbrtheswimmingclass.B.Hehasn'tswumforalmostthreeyears.

C.He'llhaveamid-termexamnextmonth.D.Hefinishedhispaperthreeweeksago.

20.A.Hispaperneedstoberevised.B.Theideasintheessayareveryinventive.

CHisteacherhelpedhimfinishhisessay.D.Hispaperhasbeendonefor3weeks.

ILGrammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fbrtheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

BigSister'sWedding

Threedaysbeforethewedding,GrandAuntpersonallyentrustedaspecialsmallpackagefbrAuntBabatohand

toBigSister.On](open)theelegantleathercaseinAuntBaba'sroom,BigSisterfoundalovelypendant(吊

墜)madeofancientgreenjadehangingonaheavygoldchain.Sheimmediatelyputitonandbreathedwithpleasure

whilesheadmired2inthemirror.ThenshebeggedAuntBabaandmenottomentionGrandAunt'sgifttoa

soul,obviouslyintendingtokeepthependant3tellingNiang.

Theweddingwasaformalandbrilliantaffairwithaceremonialdinnerpartyforfivehundredinthegrand

ballroomontheninthflooroftheCathayHotel,4(situate)attheborderoftheBundandfashionableNanjing

RoadandoverlookingtheHuangpuRiver.Theroom5(fill)withmassesoffreshflowers,andtheChinese

characterfbrdoublehappinesswasoutlinedinredbloomsagainstthewall.BigSisterwaselegantlydressedina

beautifulpinkQipaoandsilvershoes6Samuelworeatuxedo(燕尾月艮).Twoprofessionalradiocomedians

actedasmastersofceremonies.

IhadnothingtowearbutanoldpinkQipao7hadbeenhandeddownbyBigSisterwhenshegrewoutof

it.8Ididn'tlookparticularlynice,atleastIdidn'tstandoutandnoonenoticedme.Mythreeolderbrothers,

however,werehavingahorribletime.Forthisspecialoccasion,Fatherorderedthem9(have)freshhair-cuts.

Mybrothers,headswereshavedcleanly,sonotatraceofhair10(remain).Theywerewearingdark-blue,

traditional,longChineseclotheswithhighcollarsandclothbuttons.Ithoughtthebrotherswouldmakealotof

unexpectedthingsontheBigSister'swedding.

【答案】1.opening

2herself3.without

4.situated

5.wasfilled

6.and##while

7.which##that

8.Although##Though

9.tohave10.remained

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要描寫了作者大姐舉行婚禮前后的情況。

【1題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：在爸爸阿姨的房間里，大姐打開優(yōu)雅的皮箱，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)可愛的古青玉掛件掛在一

條沉重的金鏈子上。作介詞的賓語，open應(yīng)用動名詞形式。故填opening。

【2題詳解】

考查代詞。句意：她立刻戴上它，一邊欣賞鏡子里的自己，一邊愉快地呼吸著。此處指欣賞“她自己”應(yīng)

用反身代詞herself。故填herself。

【3題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：然后她求AuntBaba和我不要提姥姥送給靈魂的禮物，顯然是想留著這個(gè)吊墜而不告訴

Niang?后跟動名詞作賓語，表示"不"應(yīng)用介詞without。故填without。

【4題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：婚禮隆重盛大，500人的晚宴在國泰大酒店九層的大宴會廳舉行，坐落在外灘和時(shí)

尚的南京路交界處，俯瞰黃浦江。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知situate與邏輯主語theCathayHotel構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故

用過去分詞作狀語。故填situated。

【5題詳解】

考查固定短語。句意：房間里擺滿了大量的鮮花，“雙喜”的漢字在靠墻的紅花中被勾勒出來。短語befilled

with,結(jié)合后文“theChinesecharacterfordoublehappinesswasoutlined”可知為一般過去時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。

故填wasfilledo

【6題詳解】

考查連詞。句意：大姐穿著漂亮的粉色旗袍和銀鞋，塞繆爾穿著燕尾服。此處表示并列或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，應(yīng)用

連詞and或whileo故填and/while。

【7題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：我沒有什么可穿的，只有一件粉紅色的舊旗袍，那是大姐長大后傳下來的。定語從

句修飾先行詞anoldpinkQipao,從句缺少主語，指物，故用which或that。故填which/that。

【8題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：雖然我看起來不是特別好，但至少我不顯眼，沒有人注意到我。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，

表示“雖然”應(yīng)用although或though,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填A(yù)lthough/Though。

【9題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了這個(gè)特殊的日子，父親命令他們重新剪了發(fā)型。短語。rdersb.todosth.表示“命

令某人做某事"。故填tohave。

【10題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我的哥哥們的頭發(fā)都被剃得干干凈凈，一根頭發(fā)也沒有留下。結(jié)合上文"Mybrothers9heads

wereshavedcleanly可知為一般過去時(shí)。故填remained。

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.generatedB.mechanicallyC.partnershipD.reformingE.powered

F.efficiencyG.growingH.greatlyI.sustainableJ.revolutionizeK.emissions

TheInevitablePlasticsRevolution

TheGuardianoncecalledplastic"Man'sworstinvention”.Oneofthelesser-knownusesofplasticistoreduce

carbonemissions.Forexample,plasticsmakevehicleslightertherebyincreasingtheir11:italsoincreasesthe

shelflifeoffoods,reducingfoodwasteandtheneedtotransportmore.Soplasticshaveanimportantroletoplayin

creatinga12future.

Currentlythatisn5tthecase.Ofthe24.5milliontonsofplasticwaste13inEuropeeachyear,only14per

centisrecycled.Therestisburned,buriedorlostonlandoratsea.Indeed,theEuropeanplasticsindustryemits95

milliontonsofCO2eachyear,about3.7percentoftotal14.One-thirdofthiscomesfromtheburningof

wasteplastics.

Thathastochange,saysMarc,oneoftheworld'sleadingchemicalsandplasticsmanufacturers."Witha

15population,weneedtofindawaytomakebetteruseofourresources.^^In16withtherecycling

technologycompany,MuraTechnology,itwantsto17theplasticseconomybydramaticallyincreasingthe

amountofplasticthatisrecycledwhilealsoreducingcarbonemissions.Theapproachwillchangethewaywemake

plastic.

Todaymostplasticismadefrompetrochemicals,usingprocesses18byfossilfuels.Whileagreatdealis

thrownaway,alargeproportionofplasticswastecanbecollectedandsenttobe19recycled.Thisinvolves

washing,dryingandgrindingthematerial,thenheatingand20itintoanewproduct.Butatnostageisthe

chemicalstructureoftheplasticchanged.Inordertoreducepollution,theplasticsmanufacturingsectorneeds

technologicalinnovation.

【答案】11.F12.1

13.A14.K

15.G16.C

17.J18.E

19.H20.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塑料的重要作用以及塑料導(dǎo)致的污染問題。

【II題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：例如，塑料使車輛更輕，從而提高了效率；它還增加了食品的保質(zhì)期，減少了食品浪費(fèi)

和運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?。作賓語，結(jié)合句意表示“效率”應(yīng)用名詞efficiency,不可數(shù)。故填efficiency。故選F。

【12題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：因此，塑料在創(chuàng)造可持續(xù)未來方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。修飾后文名詞future應(yīng)用形容詞

sustainable,作定語。故填sustainable。故選I。

【13題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：在歐洲每年產(chǎn)生的2450萬噸塑料垃圾中，只有1領(lǐng)被回收。其余的則被焚燒、掩埋或丟

在陸地或海上。結(jié)合句意表示“產(chǎn)生”應(yīng)用動詞generate,此處用過去分詞作后置定語，修飾plasticwaste,

故填generated。故選A。

【14題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：事實(shí)上，歐洲塑料行業(yè)每年排放9500萬噸二氧化碳，約占總排放量的3.7%。根據(jù)句意“排

放”可知應(yīng)填名詞emissions,作介詞of的賓語，故填emissions。故選K。

【15題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：隨著人口的增長，我們需要找到一種方法來更好地利用我們的資源。修飾后文名詞

population,結(jié)合句意表示"增長"應(yīng)用形容詞growing,作定語。故填growing。故選G。

【16題詳解】

考查名詞。句意:該公司與回收技術(shù)公司Muratechnology合作，希望通過大幅增加塑料的回收量，同時(shí)減

少碳排放，從而徹底改變塑料經(jīng)濟(jì)。根據(jù)后文"'withtherecyclingtechnologycompany,MuraTechnologyM以

及句意“合作”可知應(yīng)填名詞partnership,作賓語。故填partnership。故選C。

【17題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：該公司與回收技術(shù)公司Muratechnology合作，希望通過大幅增加塑料的回收量，同時(shí)減

少碳排放，從而徹底改變塑料經(jīng)濟(jì)。根據(jù)后文utheplasticseconomybydramaticallyincreasingtheamountof

plasticw以及句意“改革”可知應(yīng)填動詞revolutionize,且上文為短語wanttodosth.。故填revolutionize。故

選J。

【18題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：如今，大多數(shù)塑料都是由石油化工產(chǎn)品制成的，使用的過程由化石燃料提供動力。結(jié)合

句意表示“提供動力”可知應(yīng)填powered,過去分詞作后置定語。故填powered。故選E。

【19題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：雖然有很多塑料垃圾被扔掉，但有很大一部分塑料垃圾可以被收集起來，并被大量回收。

修飾后文動詞recycled應(yīng)用副詞greatly,作狀語。故填greatly。故選H。

【20題詳解】

考查動詞。句意：這包括清洗、干燥和研磨材料，然后加熱并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為新產(chǎn)品。結(jié)合句意表示“轉(zhuǎn)化”

可知應(yīng)填reforming。故填reforming,動名詞作involve的賓語，故選D。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Whatdoyouknowaboutfashion?Thefashionindustry,whichhasbecomeoneofthemost21tothe

planet,ishavingamomentofpunishment.Butwhichchangesmakeadifference,andwhichonesjust22in

thewash?Infact,thefashionindustryissecondonlytotheoilindustry,themostenvironmentallyunfriendly

industry.

Afriendofmine23anantiqueclothesstoreinthenorthofLondon.Businesshasbeengoodformany

years,whichmakesheracquirealargefortune.Everyfewweeks,shevisitsavaststorehouseontheedgeofthecity

togothroughpilesofclothing.Mostofitis24,butifyouknowwhatyouarelookingfor,thereareraw

diamonds.Thestorehousehasalonghistory.Itwasonceaclearinghouseforthelow-qualitywoolscraps（碎料）that

wereusedtomakecheapclothingforthe25inVictorianBritain.Acenturyon,26haschanged.

Nowadays,itisfullofmodern-dayinferiorproducts,all27cheapclothingmadeforthemassesaroundthe

world.Exceptthatthisstuffisgoingtobeburnedorburied,notbeingreused.

Theitemsaretheproductsofanindustrythat,inthepast30years,hasbecomeoneofthemostsuccessfuland

alsomost28ontheplanet.Knownasfastfashion,ithasfilledourwardrobes（衣柜）withcheapand

cheerfulclothes.Butafterthreedecadesofcontinuousgrowth,themodelisin29withfundamental

environmentallimitsandthereiswidespreadagreement-evenfromwithintheindustry-thatitistimeto

30.Otherwise,44Fastfashion''createsamountainofunsellable,cheapclothingthatendsupina

terribleplace.

“Thefashionindustryrepresentsakeyenvironmental3jJsaysKirsiNiinimakiatAalto

UniversityinEspoo,Finland.''Eventually,thelong-termstabilityofthefashionindustry32thetotal

abandonmentofthefast-fashionmodel."Likefastfood,fastfashionisallaboutinstant33onthe

cheap.

Onewonders:Whatcanwedoaboutit?Don'tyouhaveanyclotheson?Ifsnotthat34.More

importantly,don'twaste,learntocontrolyourdesiresand35fallingintothis“Fastfashion^lifestyle.

AstheguardiancolumnistLucySeagaloncesaid,the“Fastfashion^^industryisprofit-driven,butconsumerswho

haveexperienced"over-consumption”willnaturallygrowtiredofit,andthemarketwillhaveitschoice.

21.A.convincingB.interestingC.confusingD.damaging

22.A.carryoutB.comeoutC.setoutD.breakout

23.A.buildsB.runsC.supportsD.controls

24.A.expensiveB.uselessC.worthlessD.attractive

25.A.businessmenB.childrenC.localsD.masses

26.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many

27.A.onbehalfofB.intheformofC.forthesakeofD.intermsof

28.A.effectiveB.destructiveC.preventiveD.alternative

29.A.quarrelB.argumentC.fightD.conflict

30.A.tellthetruthB.hitthebrakesC.pavethewayD.breaktheice

31.A.threatB.effectC.problemD.protection

32.A.resultsfromB.consistsofC.bringsaboutD.relieson

33.A.ambitionB.actionC.satisfactionD.attraction

34.A.farB.extremeC.badD.complex

35.A.enjoyB.imagineC.missD.avoid

【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.C25.D26.C27.B28.B29.D30.B31.

A32.D33.C34.C35.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了時(shí)尚行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為地球上最具有破壞性的行業(yè)之一，是僅次于石油行

業(yè)的最不環(huán)保的行業(yè)，現(xiàn)在正面臨懲罰。

[21題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：時(shí)尚行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為地球上最具有破壞性的行業(yè)之一，現(xiàn)在正面臨懲罰。A.

convincing說服；B.interesting使感興趣;C.confusing混淆；D.damaging破壞。根據(jù)后文uInfact,thefashion

industryissecondonlytotheoilindustry,themostenvironmentallyunfriendlyindustry.w可知時(shí)尚行業(yè)對地球具

有破壞性。故選D項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在這個(gè)沖刷的過程中，但是哪些變化會產(chǎn)生影響呢？哪些會脫穎而出？A.carryout

執(zhí)行；B.comeout出來；C.setout出發(fā)；D.breakout爆發(fā)。根據(jù)上文“Thefashionindustry,whichhasbecome

oneofthemost____1totheplanet,ishavingamomentofpunishment.Butwhichchangesmakeadifference”

可知時(shí)尚行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為地球上最具有破壞性的行業(yè)之一，在這個(gè)沖刷過程中，要么留下來，站住腳，要么

被淘汰。故選B項(xiàng)。

【23題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個(gè)朋友在倫敦北部經(jīng)營一家古董服裝店?A.builds構(gòu)建；B.runs經(jīng)營；

C.supports支撐；D.controls控制。根據(jù)后文“Businesshasbeengoodformanyyears,whichmakesheracquire

alargefortune."可知這個(gè)朋友是經(jīng)營服裝店的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【24題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大部分是毫無價(jià)值。A.expensive昂貴的；B.useless無用的；C.worthless

沒有價(jià)值的；D.attractive有吸引力的。根據(jù)后文的"butifyouknowwhatyouarelookingfor,thereareraw

diamonds.n可知此處和diamonds形成對比，表示“雖然看起來毫無價(jià)值”。故選C項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在維多利亞時(shí)代的英國，它曾經(jīng)是為大眾制造廉價(jià)服裝的劣質(zhì)羊毛廢料的清理

場。A.businessmen商人；B.children兒童；C.locals當(dāng)?shù)厝?；D.masses群眾。根據(jù)后文的cheapclothing

madeforthemassesaroundtheworld."可知，此處是themasses同義詞再現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:一個(gè)世紀(jì)過去了，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了許多改變。A.little小的；B.few很少的；C.much

很多（不可數(shù)名詞）;D.many許多（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)后文的Nowadays,itisfullofmodern-dayinferior

products,all7cheapclothingmadeforthemassesaroundtheworld”可知發(fā)生了許多改變，應(yīng)使用

much。故選C項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

考查介詞短語辨析。句意：如今，這里充斥著現(xiàn)代的劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，所有的廉價(jià)服裝都是為世界各地的大眾制

造的。A.onbehalfof代表；B.intheformof以的形式；C.forthesakeof為了；D.intermsof在方

面。根據(jù)上文“Nowadays,itisfullofmodern-dayinferiorproducts”所有的這些服飾都是“以廉價(jià)服裝的形

式”生產(chǎn)出來的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【28題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:這個(gè)行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為世界上最成功也是最具破壞性的行業(yè)之一。A.effective有效

的；B.destructive破壞性的；C.preventive預(yù)防性的；D.alternative可供替代的。根據(jù)前文“Thefashionindustry,

whichhasbecomeoneofthemostI____totheplanet,ishavingamomentofpunishment”以及后文”But

afterthreedecadesofcontinuousgrowth,themodelisin9withfundamentalenvironmentallimits可

知雖然服裝成功地占據(jù)了人們的衣柜，但是對環(huán)境造成的影響是破壞性的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【29題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但經(jīng)過三十年的持續(xù)增長，該模式與基本環(huán)境限制相沖突，而且業(yè)界普遍認(rèn)為，

是時(shí)候踩剎車了。A.quarrel爭吵；B.argument論點(diǎn)；C.fight戰(zhàn)斗；D.conflict沖突。根據(jù)后文“thereis

widespreadagreement-evenfromwithintheindustry-thatitistimeto10.Otherwise,''Fastfashion^^

createsamountainofunsellable,cheapclothingthatendsupinaterribleplace"可知時(shí)尚行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展和環(huán)境

保護(hù)有沖突。故選D項(xiàng)。

【30題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意同上題。A.tellthetruth.說實(shí)話；B.hitthebrakes踩下制動器;C.pavetheway鋪設(shè)

道路；D.breaktheice打破僵局。根據(jù)后文"Otherwise,'Fastfashion'createsamountainofunsellable,cheap

clothingthatendsupinaterribleplace”可知是時(shí)候停止時(shí)尚行業(yè)這樣的快速發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。

[31題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)代表了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的環(huán)境威脅。A.threat威脅；B.effect效果；C.problem

問題；D.protection保護(hù)。根據(jù)前文uOtherwise,"Fastfashion5createsamountainofunsellable,cheapclothingthat

endsupinaterribleplace."可知快時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對環(huán)境造成造成的影響已經(jīng)不僅僅是環(huán)境問題那么簡單，已經(jīng)嚴(yán)

重到成為一個(gè)巨大的威脅。故選A項(xiàng)。

【32題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：最終，時(shí)尚行業(yè)的長期穩(wěn)定依賴于對快速時(shí)尚模式的徹底拋棄。A.resultsfrom

由產(chǎn)生;B.consistsof由組成;C.bringsabout導(dǎo)致;D.relieson依賴。根據(jù)下文uthetotalabandonment

ofthefast-fashionmodel.w可知，時(shí)尚行業(yè)的長期穩(wěn)定依賴于對快速時(shí)尚模式的徹底拋棄。故選D項(xiàng)。

【33題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:和快餐一樣，快速時(shí)尚也都是廉價(jià)的即時(shí)滿足感。A.ambition野心;B.action

動作;C.satisfaction滿足;D.attraction吸引力。根據(jù)下文learntocontrolyourdesiresand_15_fallingintothis

'Fastfashion,lifestyle"可知這種欲望得到廉價(jià)的滿足。故選C項(xiàng)。

【34題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能做些什么？你沒有穿衣服嗎？不是那么糟糕。A.far遠(yuǎn)的；B.extreme

極端的；C.bad壞的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)前文uDon^youhaveanyclotheson?可知不穿衣服很糟糕。

故選C項(xiàng)。

【35題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，不要浪費(fèi)，學(xué)會控制自己的欲望，避免陷入這種“快時(shí)尚”的生

活方式。A.enjoy享受；B.imagine想象；C.miss錯(cuò)過；D.avoid避免。根據(jù)前文alearntocontrolyourdesires

可知要控制自己的欲望，避免陷入這種生活方式。故選D項(xiàng)。

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Adjustingtoanewsleepscheduleatthestartoftheschoolyearcanleadtodisturbedrest,daytimetirednessand

changesinmoodandfocusforteens.Althoughtheyneedeighttotenhoursofsleeppernighttomaintainphysical

health,emotionalwell-beingandschoolperformance,accordingtotheNationalSleepFoundation,mostadolescents

getlessthaneight.

NewlypublishedresearchfromRUSHinthejournalSLEEPrevealshowadolescentscangetmoreshut-eye.

“Therearealotofchangesateengoesthrough,“saidStephanieJ.Crowley,PhD."Onespecificallyisachangeto

sleepbiologythathappensduringadolescence.^^Crowleysaid,"therearetwocompetingforces:onetogotobed

earlierfortheschoolscheduleandtheotherabiologicalchangethathappensnaturallytoateen'sbody.^^Becauseof

thiscomplexconflict,RUSHresearcherssetouttotestatwo-weekinterventionthattargetsthecircadian(晝夜節(jié)律

的)systemwithdifferentbehavioralmeasuresandtriestohelptheteensfigureoutabetternighttimeroutine.

Tosolveteensleepshortage,theresearchersusedbrightlighttherapyontwoweekendmorningsforatotalof2.5

hours.Thebrightlighthelpstheinternalclocktowakeupalittleearlier.Thisshiftshouldmakeiteasierfortheteens

tofallasleepatanappropriatetime.Crowleyandherteamthenhelpedthemmakeupforsleepproblemsbyproviding

timemanagementtoolsandaddressingbarrierstoanearlierbedtime,likelimitingcertainafter-schoolactivities.

Researcherswereabletoshifttheteens'bedtimebyanhourandahalfearlier,andtheirtotalsleeptimeincreased

byapproximatelyanhour.<4Theinterestingthingisthatteenswithlatecircadianclocksshiftedbyuptotwohours

earlier,Crowleysaid.t€Andtheteenswhohadanearliercircadianclockdidn'tneedtobeshiftedanyearlier.They

justneededthebehavioralsupportoftryingtomanagetheirtimeintheeveningandincreasetheirsleepduration.^^

Theresearchersalsofoundtheteensintheinterventiongroupwerelesstired,andlessangry,andtheyexhibitedbetter

concentration.Thestudents*morningattentionimprovedaswell.

36.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthemajorsleepingprobleminteens?

A.Mostteens9circadianclockshavechanged.

B.Mostteensgetlessthaneighthoursofsleep.

C.Toomuchsleepaffectsteens9academicperformance.

D.Teenshavetogetmoresleepinordertogotoschool.

37.Whafstheauthor'spurposeofmentioningtwocompetingforces?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcircadianclockchangesinteens.

B.Toemphasizethesignificanceofteens'night-timeroutine.

C.Toshowtheconflictbetweensleepingearlyandnotwantingtosleep.

D.Tobuildconnectionbetweensleepingearlierandrisingearlier.

38.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebrightlighttherapy?

A.Itmakesteensgothroughmanydifferentchanges.

B.Itmakesteenswithoutenoughsleepconcentrateontheirstudy.

C.Ithelpsteensgotobedthreehoursearliereveryday.

D.Itdoeshelpteensdevelopgoodsleeppatterns.

39.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Teens'SleepingTimeB.HelpingTeensGetMoreSleep

C.ExperimentonTeens'BehaviorD.ImprovingTeens'Concentration

【答案】36.B37.A38.D39.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一?篇說明文。文章主要說明了大多數(shù)青少年的睡眠時(shí)間不夠8小時(shí)，研究人員為了讓青少年

獲得更多的睡眠，開展了一系列的研究。

【36題詳解】

2田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段中aAlthoughtheyneedeighttotenhoursofsleeppernighttomaintainphysicalhealth,

emotionalwell-beingandschoolperformance,accordingtotheNationalSleepFoundation,mostadolescentsgetless

thaneight”根據(jù)美國國家睡眠基金會的數(shù)據(jù)，盡管青少年每晚需要8到10小時(shí)的睡眠來保持身體健康、情

緒健康和學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)，但大多數(shù)青少年的睡眠時(shí)間不到8小時(shí)）”可知，青少年的主要睡眠問題是大多數(shù)青少

年的睡眠時(shí)間少于8小時(shí)。故選B。

【37題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"NewlypublishedresearchfromRUSHinthejournalSLEEPrevealshowadolescents

cangetmoreshut-eye.''TherearealotofchangesateengoesthroughsaidStephanieJ.Crowley,PhD."One

specificallyisachangetosleepbiologythathappensduringadolescence."Crowleysaid,“therearetwocompeting

forces:onetogotobedearlierfortheschoolscheduleandtheotherabiologicalchangethathappensnaturallytoa

teen'sbody.”（RUSH在《睡眠》雜志上最新發(fā)表的研究揭示了青少年如何獲得更多睡眠?！扒嗌倌陼?jīng)歷很

多變化，"StephanieJ.Crowley博士說?！捌渲幸粋€(gè)特別的變化是發(fā)生在青春期的睡眠生物學(xué)變化?！笨?/p>

勞利說：“有兩種相互競爭的力量：一種是為了學(xué)校安排早點(diǎn)睡覺，另一種是青少年身體自然發(fā)生的生理

變化?！埃笨赏浦?，作者提到兩種相互競爭的力量的目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)青少年生物鐘變化的重要性。故選A。

【38題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Tosolveteensleepshortage,theresearchersusedbrightlighttherapyontwo

weekendmorningsforatotalof2.5hours.Thebrightlighthelpstheinternalclocktowakeupalittleearlier.This

shiftshouldmakeiteasierfortheteenstofallasleepatanappropriatetime.（為了解決青少年睡眠不足的問題，研

究人員在周末的兩個(gè)早晨使用強(qiáng)光療法，共計(jì)2.5小時(shí)。明亮的光線有助于生物鐘早一點(diǎn)醒來。這種轉(zhuǎn)變會

讓青少年更容易在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間入睡）”可知，強(qiáng)光療法確實(shí)有助于青少年養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠模式。故選D。

【39題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段"NewlypublishedresearchfromRUSHinthejournalSLEEPrevealshowadolescents

cangetmoreshut-eye.（RUSH在《睡眠》雜志上最新發(fā)表的研究揭示了青少年如何獲得更多睡眠）”可知，B

選項(xiàng)“幫助青少年獲得更多的睡眠”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

(B)

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