2023年考研外語(yǔ)專家預(yù)測(cè)試卷4

考研外語(yǔ)專家預(yù)測(cè)試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、Weakdollarorno,$46,000-thepriceforasingleyear

ofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard

Yard-is[1]Butnowadayscostis[2]barriertoentryatmany

ofAmerica'sbestuniversities.Formidable

finaneial-assistancepolicieshave[3]feesorslashedthem

deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannounceda

newplandesignedto[4]thesticker-shockforundergraduates

frommiddleandevenupper-incomefamiliestoo.

Sincethen,otherrichAmericanuniversitieshaveunveiled

【5】initiatives.Yale,Harvard，sbitterest[6],revealedits

plansonJanuary14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake[7]than

$60,000ayearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto

$200,000ayearwillhavetopayanaverageof10%oftheir

incomes.Theuniversitywill[8]itsfinancial-assistance

budgetby43%,toover$80m.

Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamiliesmakingup

to$180,000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale

[9]toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and

upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequire

anystudenttotakeout[10]topayfortheir[11],apolicy

introducedbyPrincetonin2022andbytheUniversityof

PennsylvaniajustafterHarvard's[12].Noapplicantwhogains

admission,officialssay,shouldfeel[13]togoelsewhere

becauseheorshecantaffordthefees.

Noneofthatisquiteasaltruisticasitsounds.Harvardand

Yaleare,afterall,now1ikelytoluremorestudentsawayfrom

previously[14)options,particularlystate-rununiversities,

[15]theiralreadyimpressiveadmissionsfiguresand

reputations.

Theschemesalsoprovidea[16]forstructuringuniversityfees

inwhichhighpricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestprices

forpooreronesandfamiliesareless[17]onfederalgrants

andgovernment-backedloans.

Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwillnotbe

ableto[18]HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica，sstate-run

universities,whichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowand

stable,mightwelltryadifferentiated[19]schemeastheyraise

cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate[20].Indeed,

theUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedto

implementasliding-feescale.

⑴

A.cheap

B.reasonable

C.high

D.expensive

2、⑵

A.still

B.no

C.becoming

D.certain

3、⑶

A.eliminated

B.increased

C.doubled

D.decreased

4、(4)

A.relieve

B.suspend

C.enhance

D.diminish

5、(5)

A.different

3

B.same

C.similar

D.encouraging

6、(6)

A.counterpart

B.coordinator

C.rival

D.cooperator

7、(7)

A.less

B.more

C.richer

D.poorer

8、(8)

A.enhance

B.expand

C.increase

D.elevate

9、⑼

A.incomparable

B.comparable

C.distinguishable

4

D.identical

10、(10)

A.part-timejob

B.work

C.loans

D.savings

IK(11)

A.charge

B.fare

C.payment

D.tuition

12、(12)

A.policy

B.implementation

C.adjustment

D.announcement

13、(13)

A.pressured

B.ashamed

C.insecure

D.unhappy

14、(14)

5

A.cheaper

B.morereasonable

C.public

D.better

15、(15)

A.expanding

B.shrinking

C.enhancing

D.diminishing

16、(16)

A.chance

B.model

C.disposition

D.location

17、(17)

A.independent

B.thankful

C.detached

D.reliant

18、(18)

A.beat

B.win

6

C.copy

D.follow

19、(19)

A.pricing

B.tuition

C.scholarship

D.financialaiding

20、(20)

A.rivals

B.counterparts

C.coordinators

D.cooperators

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thatboysandgirls一andmenandwomen一areprogrammedby

evolutiontobehavedifferentlyfromoneanotherisnowwidely

accepted.Butwhichofthedifferencesbetweenthesexesare

“biological”,inthesensethattheyhavebeenhonedby

evolution,andwhichare"cultural"or"environmental”and

mightmoreeasilybealteredbychangedcircumstances,isstill

fiercelydebated.

Thesensitivityofthequestionwasshownlastyearbyanuproar

atHarvardUniversity.LarrySummers,thenHarvard'spresident,

causedastormwhenhesuggestedthatinnateabilitycouldbe

animportantreasonwhythereweresofewwomeninthetop

positionsinmathematics,engineeringandthephysical

sciences.

Evenasapropositionfordiscussion,thisisunacceptableto

some.Butbiologicalexplanationsofhumanbehavior,aremaking

acomeback.Thesuccessofneo-Darwinismhasprovidedan

intellectualfoundationfordiscussionaboutwhysome

differencesbetweenthesexesmightbeinnate.Andnewscanning

techniqueshaveenabledresearcherstoexaminethebrain，s

interiorwhileitisworking,showingthatmaleandfemale

brainsdo,atonelevel,operatedifferently.Theresults,

however,donotalwayssupportpastclichesaboutwhatthe

differencesinquestionactuallyare.

Anotherbehavioraldifferencethathasborneahugeamountof

scrutinyisinmathematics,particularlysinceDr

Summers'comments.Theproblemwithtryingtoarguethatthe

maletendencytosystemizemightleadtogreatermathematical

abilityisthat,infact,girlsandboysareequallygoodat

mathspriortoteenageyears.Untilrecently,itwasbelieved

thatmalesoutperformedfemalesinmathematicsatallages.

Today,thatpicturehaschanged,anditappearsthatmalesand

femalesofanyageareequallygoodatcomputationandat

understandingmathematicalconcepts.However,aftertheir

mid-teens,menarebetteratproblemsolvingthanwomenare.

ThequestionraisedbyDrSummersdoesnotgettotheheartof

thematter.Overthepast50years,womenhavemadehuge

progressintoacademiaandwithinit.Slowly,theyhaveworked

theirwayintothehigherechelonsofdisciplineafter

discipline.Butsomepartsoftheivorytowerhaveprovedharder

tooccupythanothers.Thequestionremains,towhatdegreeis

theabsenceofwomeninscience,mathematicsandengineering

causedbyinnate,immutableability?

Innateitmaywellbe.Thatdoesnotmeanitisimmutable.A

varietyofabilitiesareamenabletotraininginbothsexes.

Andsuchtrainingworks.Biologymaypredispose,butitisnot

necessarilydestiny.

Whatdoestheword"honed”(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobably

mean?

A.Started.

B.Determined.

C.Created.

D.Sharpened.

2、

AccordingtoLarrySummers,women.

A.hadlowerinnateabilitythanmenincertainareas

B.havelimitedcapacityforeverything

C.shouldnotchoosecareersinmaths,engineering,etc.

D.arefacingdiscriminationintheircareers

3、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthepassage?

A.Neo-Darwinismofferedbiologicalevidenceoftheinnate

sexdifferences.

B.Femaleinnateabilityisnottheonlyreasonfortheir

academicposition.

C.Boysandgirlsperformedequallywellinproblemsolving

inteenageyears.

D.Dr.Summersignoredthefactthatwomenhaverisentothe

topoftheivorytower.

4、

Thesentence"Biologymaypredispose,butitisnot

necessarilydestiny.”(Line2,Para.6)indicatesthat.

A.biologicalfactorsdetermineone'scapabilities

B.women'sroleisnotdecidedbydestiny

C.biologicaldifferencescouldbechanged

D.abilitiescanbeacquiredregardlessoftheinnate

differences

5、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SexDifference:WhoisSmarter?

B.FemaleLaginCertainFields:GenderDifference

C.DifferencesBetweentheSexes:MismeasureofWomen

D.GenderInequality:FemaleInferiorityProved

6、Sometimesthebiggestchangesinsocietyarethehardest

tospotpreciselybecausetheyarehidinginplainsight.It

couldwellbethatwaywithwirelesscommunications.Something

thatpeoplethinkofasjustanothertechnologyisbeginning

toshowsignsofchanginglives,culture,politics,cities,

jobs,evenmarriagesdramatically.Inparticular,itwillusher

inanewversionofaveryoldidea:nomadism.

Futurologyisadangerousbusiness,anditistruethatmost

oftheimportantargumentsaboutmobilecommunicationsatthe

momentaretodowithtechnologyorregulation一bandwidth,

spectrumuseandsoon.Yetitisworthjumpingaheadand

wonderingwhatthesocialeffectswillbe,fortworeasons.

First,thebroadtechnologicalfutureisprettyclear:there

willbeeverfastercellularnetworks,andmanymoregadgets

toconnecttothesenetworks.Second,thesocialchangesare

alreadyvisible:parentsonbeacheswavingattheirchildren

whiletypingfurtivelyontheirBlackBerrys;entrepreneurs

discoveringtheydon，tneedofficesafterall.Everybodyis

doingmoreonthemove.

Wirelesstechnologyissurelynotjustaneasier-to-usephone.

Thecardividedcitiesintoworkandhomeareas;wireless

technologymaymixthemupagain,withmorepeopleworkingin

suburbsorlivingincitycenters.Trafficpatternsare

beginningtochangeagain:therushhoursat9amand5pmare

givingwaytomorevariedpatterns,withpeoplegoingbackwards

andforwardsbetweentheoffice,homeandallsortsofother

placesthroughouttheday.Already,architectsareredesigning

officesanduniversities,moreflexiblespacesformeeting

people,fewerprivateenclosuresforsedentarywork.

Willitbeabetterlife?Insomeways,yes.Digitalnomadism

willliberateevermoreknowledgeworkersfromthecubicle

prisonsasdepictedinMr.Dilbert'scartoons.Buttheold

tyrannyofplacecouldbecomeanewtyrannyoftime,asnomads

whoare“alwayson"alltoooftenendup一mentally一anywhere

buthere.Asforfriendsandfamily,permanentmobile

connectivitycouldhavethesameeffectasnomadism:itmight

bringyoumuchclosertofamilyandfriends,butitmaymake

ithardertobringinoutsiders.Sociologistsfretabout

constante-mailersandtexterslosingtheeverydayconnections

tocasualacquaintancesorstrangerssittingnexttothemin

thecafeorontheBus.

Thesametoolshaveanotherdarkside,turningeverybodyinto

afullyequippedpaparazzo.Somefitnessclubshavestarted

banningmobilephonesnearthetreadmillsandshowerslest

exercisingpeoplefindthemselvespictured,flabbyandsweaty,

onsomewebsite.Asinthedesert,sointhecity:nomadism

promisestheheavenofnewfreedom,butitalsosignalsthehell

ofconstantsurveillancebythetribe.

Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.

A.socialchangesarecomplexinnature

B.peoplemayignorewirelesscommunicationschanges

C.nomadismisnothingnewinsociety

D.everybodycanworkoutsidetheiroffices

7、

Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefuturewireless

technology?

A.Itisbeginningsolvingthetrafficproblems.

B.Itwillchangepeople'swayofworking.

C.Itwillsavepeoplealotoftime.

D.Itwillcometrueinofficesanduniversities.

8、

Accordingtothetext,sociologistsareanxiousaboutdigital

nomadisminthat.

A.itwillreducepeople'scontactswiththeoutsidesociety

B.itwillgiveofficeworkerstoomuchtime

C.itwilldestroypeople*sfriendship

D.itwillcausepeopletolosetheirinterestinsocial

activities

9、

Thedarksideofthedigitalproductsisthatpeoplemayuse

themto.

A.fullyequipthemselves

B.disturbothers'physicalexercises

C.threatenotherpeople'slife

D.revealothers'privacy

10、

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

A.Anewtrendofwirelesscommunication.

B.Mobilecommunicationimprovespeople'slife.

C.Digitalnomadismbringspeopleconvenienceaswellas

trouble.

D.Thefutureofmobilecommunication.

11、Theearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriously-

harmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromthe

HudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.

Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearly

age.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentof

qualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage

62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethat

willhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthe

population,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthe

populationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2022

and2022.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44will

increasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,

evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputand

strengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,

massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmore1ikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.

SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenalties

subjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesas

highas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearly

retirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditional

yearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresult

inhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesin

benefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxand

benefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,

buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholder

AmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnot

supportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughfor

retirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeogh

retirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,and

thelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethat

babyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassets

thanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpolicies

thatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolder

worker.Amongthereport'srecommendations.Taxhalfofall

SocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide

80%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkers

nearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmay

includealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.

However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindthe

rightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperienced

workers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongthe

serviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearchers,theeffectofthe

earlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economy

is.

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.detrimental

12、

TheolderexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearly

becausetheirprolongedservicemay

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.giveplaytotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

13、

Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat.

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfuture

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheU.S.economicoutput

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocial

benefits

14、

Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”,the

writer.

A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhich

baby-boomersareentitled

B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasures

againstlaborshortage

C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers'early

retirement

D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxand

benefitpolicies

15、

Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwill

be.

A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies

B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement

C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein

D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperienced

employees

16^Intheireverydaylife,mostAmericansseemtoagreewith

HenryFordwhooncesaid,“Historyismoreorlessabsurdity.

Wewanttoliveinthepresentandtheonlyhistorythatisworth

atinker'sdamnisthehistorywemaketoday."Certainlya

great一butnowalsodeadlocked一debateonimmigrationfigures

prominentlyinthehistorybeingmadetodayintheUnitedStates

andaroundtheworld.

Inbothhistoryandsociology,scholarlyworkonimmigration

wassparkedbythegreatdebatesofthe1920s,asAmericans

arguedoverwhichimmigrantstoincludeandwhichtoexclude

fromtheAmericannation.Theresultofthatparticulargreat

debateinvolvedtherestrictionofimmigrationfromAsiaand

southernandeasternEurope.

Reactingtothedebatesoftheirtime,sociologistsand

historiansneverthelessdevelopeddifferentcentralthemes.

WhileChicagoSchoolsociologistsfocusedonimmigrant

adaptationtotheAmericanmainstream,historiansweremore

1ikelytodescribeimmigrantsengagedinbuildingtheAmerican

nationoritsregionalsub-cultures.

Historiansstudiedtheimmigrantsofthepast,usuallyinthe

contextofnation-buildingandsettlementofthewesternUnited

States,whilesociologistsfocusedontheimmigranturban

workersoftheirowntimes一thatis,theearly20thcentury.

Meanwhile,sociologists'descriptionofassimilationasan

almostnaturalsequenceofinteractionsresultinginthe

modernization,andAmericanizationofforeignersreassured

Americansthattheircountrywouldsurvivetherecentarrival

ofimmigrantswhomlongtimeAmericansperceivedasradically

different.

Historiansinsistedthattheimmigrantsofthepasthad

actuallybeenthe"makersofAmerica”;theyhadforgedthe

mainstreamtowhichnewimmigrantsadapted.Forsociologists,

however,itwasimmigrantswhochangedandassimilatedoverthe

courseofthreegenerations.Forhistorians,itwasthe

Americannationthatchangedandevolved.

Incurrentdebates,overall,whatseemstobemissingisnot

knowledgeofsignificantelementsoftheAmericanpastor

respectforthelessonstobedrawnfromthatpast,butrather

debaters'abilitytoseehowtimeshapesunderstandingofthe

present.

InthefirstmomentsofAmericannation-building,theso-called

FoundingFatherscelebratedmigrationasanexpressionofhuman

liberty.Hereisareminderthattoday，sdebatestakeplace

amongthosewhoagreeratherfundamentallythatnational

self-interestrequirestherestrictionofimmigration.

Debatersdisagreewitheachothermainlyoverhowbestto

accomplishrestriction,notwhetherrestrictionistheright

course.TheUnitedStates,alongwithmanyothernations,is

neitheratthestart,nornecessarilyanywhereneartheend,

ofalongeraofrestriction.

HenryFord，swordsarecitedto.

A.showtheabsurdityofhistory

B.indicatethesignificanceofthehistorywemaketoday

C.emphasizetheroleofimmigrantsintheU.S.history

D.introducethedebateonimmigrationworldwide

17、

Accordingtothepassage,the1920s，debateon

immigration.

A.sparkedscholarlyworkonimmigrationrestrictions

B.ledtothedecreaseofimmigrantsfromAsiaandpartsof

Europe

C.resultedintheexclusionofallimmigrantsfromabroad

D.inspiredacademicresearchonimmigrationinvarious

fields

18、

Whatdowelearnfromthetextaboutthethemesofhistorians

andsociologists?

A.Theybothstressedthecontributionsmadebyimmigrants.

B.Historiansweremoreinterestedintheimmigrantculture.

C.Sociologistsconvincedpeoplethatnewimmigrantswere

differentfromearlierones.

D.Historiansandsociologistsdisagreedontheway

immigrantsadaptedtoAmerica.

19、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Historiansbelievedthatallimmigrantshelpedbuild

America.

B.Sociologistsarguedthatimmigrantschangedthree

generationsofAmerica.

C.Debatersshouldrespectthepastlessons.

D.Debatersseemtobeunclearabouttheformationofthe

understandingofthepresent.

20、

Itshouldberemindedthattoday'sdebateonimmigration.

A.centersonwhetherthereshouldberestrictions

B.focusesonhowtodefendthenationalinterests

C.indicatethattheemigrationinU.S.maycontinuefora

while

D.indicatethattheemigrationinU.S.hasalmostcometoan

end

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingandatextaboutcareer

planning.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist[A]-[G]

foreachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstparagraphofthe

textisnotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyou

donotneedtouse.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.

[A]Ifyouchooseacareerthatdoesnotfityou,youcanstart

over.

[B]Careerplanningoverweighsanyotherfactors.

[C]Reviewyourplansandprogressperiodicallywithanother

person.

[D]Seriousflawsinthewaysmanypeoplemakecareerdecision.

[E]Studyyourself.

[F]Setupsomepredictionsaboutyourselfinacareer.

[G]Writeyourcareergoalsdown.

Careerplanninghelpsyoutoshapeyourcareerpossibilities.It

doesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.Eachof

usplacesweightondifferentfactorsandmayconsidercertain

phasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanning

includesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandabout

occupations,estimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvarious

coursesofaction,andfinally,choosingalternativesthatwe

findattractiveandfeasible.Quiteoftencareerplanninghelps

peopletoseethekindsofassistancetheyneedtodowhatthey

wantandhelpsdirectthemtoavailableresources.

(41)__________

Thisisthekeytocareerplanning.Understandingwhatyouare

like,whatyouvalue,andwhatyouwanttobecomeisthe

foundationforallcareerplanning.Tohaveabetterinsight

intoyourself,youaresupposedtoexamineyourstrengthsand

weaknesses,yourgoals,andthetrendsinyourpersonal

development.Theself-understandingthatyougainenablesyou

toimaginehowcertainoccupationsmaybestfityour

personality,interests,abilities,andgoals.Allcareer

decisionsrequireustolearnbothaboutourselvesandabout

work,andtointegratethesetwokindsofknowledge.

(42)__________

Atechniqueusefulfororganizingideasaboutyourcareer

developmentistoactuallyputthemdownbytimeblocksinyour

life,forexample,agesnineteentotwenty-two,twenty-three

tothirty...Thisactionforcesyoutocrystallizeyour

不______Q

q24

thinkingandtoreorganizefuzzyandhalf-formedideas.Itmay

leadtonewinsightsaboutyourpossibilitiesandmayhelpyou

toseenewrelationships,patternsandtrends,ortoidentify

gapsinyourthinkingaboutyourcareerdevelopment.

(43)___________

Considerthekindofpersonyouare,whatyou'relikelytobe

like,whatchangesare1ikelytotakeplaceinanoccupation,

whatbasicproblemsyoumightmeet,andwhatyouneedtosolve

yourproblems.Thesehypotheses,oreducatedguesses,should

representyourunderstandingofyourselfatpresent,whatyou

cando,andwhatyouwilldo.

(44)___________

Everysooften,takestockofyoursituationandconsiderwhat

stepshavetobetakennext.Takinginventoryofprogressand

planningfurtherstepscanhelpyoucopewiththechangesthat

youundergoandthechangesthattakeplaceinthelabormarket.

Talkingoveryourplanswithacollegecounselor,yourparents,

andyourfriendshelpsyoudefineyourgoalsandimproveyour

careerplanormakethemwork.

(45)___________

Today,growingnumbersofpeoplearechangingcareersor

gettingsecondstartincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.

Societynolongerattachesthestigmaof"instability"tothe

ideaofcareerhopping,asitoncedid.Motivesorreasonsfor

changingcareervarywidely,butmanypeoplemovebecausethey

feelstaleorfedupwithagrindingordullroutine.Forsome,

asecondstartgrowsoutoftherealizationthatwhattheywant

outoflifeisnotwhattheyaredoing,andtheydecidetodo

thosething

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Itispossibleforstudentstoobtainadvanceddegreesin

Englishwhileknowinglittleornothingabouttraditional

scholarlymethods.Theconsequencesofthisneglectof

traditionalscholarshipareparticularlyunfortunateforthe

studyofwomenwriters.46.Ifthecanon-thelistofauthors

whoseworksaremostwidelytaught—isevertoincludemor