Unit6SectionB課堂精講 練習 人教版英語八年級下冊

第第頁八年級英語（下）Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.SectionB一、知識點回顧1.Nobodywantedtosoundstupid.沒人想讓自己聽起來愚蠢。（1）nobody不定代詞,意為“沒有人”,作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 NobodycomestoschoolonSunday.星期天沒人來上學。 Iknockedatthedoorbutnobodyanswered.我敲了敲門,但沒人來開。（）Ourteacherwasveryhappybecause_________failedtheexamination. A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody2.HanselandGretellivednearaforestwiththeirfatherandstepmother.韓賽爾和葛雷特與他們的父親和繼母住在森林附近。 with表示“和……在一起”,連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與with前面的主語一致。 HewithhisparentsisgoingtovisitMountTainextweek.下星期他和父母要去游泰山。 Thethreechildrenwiththeirfatheraregettingonthebus.這三個孩子和他們的爸爸正在上公共汽車。【知識拓展】當主語部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介詞或介詞短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去劃船。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.這個教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。（）Theteacher,______severalstudents,______discussingtheproblem. A.togetherwith;is B.aswellas;are C.and;is D.alongwith;are3.Thewifetoldherhusbandthatunlessheleftthechildrentodieintheforest,thewholefamilywoulddie.妻子告訴她丈夫除非他把孩子們留在森林里死掉,否則一家人都會被餓死。（1）leavesb/sth+介詞短語,意為＂把某人或某物遺留在某地＂,leave在此意為＂遺留,遺忘＂,其過去式為left。Don’tleavethedirtydishesinthekitchenafterdinner.飯后不要把臟餐具留在廚房。【知識拓展】（1）leavesbbyoneself(=leavesbalone)意為＂把某人單獨留下＂。Theyareverybusywithworkandalwaysleavetheirsonathomebyhimself.他們工作非常忙,總是把兒子一個人留在家中。（2）表示＂將……交給……＂用leavesb.sth.或leavesth.with/tosb.。Hisgrandfatherlefthimalargesumofmoney.他爺爺留給他一筆數(shù)目可觀的錢。Leavethistomeortakeit.要么把這給我,要么你帶走。不要把你的孩子單獨留在家里。Don’t_______________yourkids_______________homealone.（2）wholefamily整個家庭。whole意為＂整個的,全部的＂,后面接名詞作賓語。Heskatedforthewholefivehoursyesterday.他昨天滑冰滑了整整五個小時。Thewholeworldwassurprisedatthenews.那條新聞震驚了全世界?！疽谆毂嫖觥縜ll與whole的區(qū)別allall意為＂整個的,全部的＂,強調(diào)各個部分組成的整體,可修飾不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。有冠詞/指示代詞/所有格等限定詞時,all放在它們之前,即all+限定詞+名詞Areallthestudentsheretoday?今天所有的學生都到了嗎?wholewhole意為＂整個的,全部的＂,強調(diào)完整無缺,不可分割的整體,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,有冠詞/指示代詞/所有格等限定詞時,whole放于它們之后。即限定詞+whole+名詞Theytoldmethewholestory.他們給我講了整個的故事。當復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有具體的數(shù)量詞時,則可以用wholethreewholedays/allthreedays三整天①所有的同學按時到達。______________________________studentsarriveontime.②他們搜查了全城。Theysearchedthe______________________________.4.Didyouhearourstepmotherplanningtokillus?你聽到繼母正計劃著殺死我們嗎？（1）hear表示＂聽見,聽到＂,常用的結構：hearsbdosth聽到某人做某事；hearsbdoingsth聽到某人正在做某事。前者指聽到某動作進行的全過程,而后者是指聽到動作正在進行。Ihearhimtalkingnextdoor.我聽到他正在隔壁房間講話。Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.昨天我聽見她唱了這首歌?！局R拓展】hearof聽說hearfrom收到……的信（）Didyou_______________Tomlastnight?A.heardfrom B.hearof C.hearfrom D.hearaletterfrom（2）plantodosth.表示＂打算、計劃做某事＂,其中動詞不定式todosth作賓語。Weplantobuildanewhousehere.我們計劃在這兒建一所新房子。Sheplanstohelpmewithmymaththisevening.她準備今晚幫我學數(shù)學。（）—Whatdoyou_______________watchtonight?—IplantowatchIamasinger.A.plan B.toplan C.planto5.I’mdroppingwhitestonesalongtheway.UnlessIdo,we’llbelost.我正在沿路扔白色的石頭。如果我不這樣做,我們將會迷路的。（1）alongtheway“沿路”,along此處作介詞,意為“沿著”。 Therearetreesallalongtheroad.沿著這條路從頭到尾都有樹?！疽谆毂嫖觥?along“沿著”,指沿著一條直線在水平方向上運動 across“橫過；穿過”,主要表示從某物的表面經(jīng)過 through“通過,穿過”,表示從某個空間或內(nèi)部穿過 Isawhimwalkingalongtheriver.我看見他正沿著那條河走。 Hewentacrossthebridgecarefully.他小心地走過橋。 Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.他獨自一人不行穿過森林。（）Myfatherhasahabitofjogging_________theJinchuanRiverforanhourinthemorning. A.between B.along C.over D.through（2）belost“迷路”,相當于getlost。lost此處用作形容詞,意為“丟失的；迷路的”。 Ifoundmylostkey.我找到了丟失的鑰匙。 Hewaslostonthewayhome.他在回家的路上迷路了。注意：lost還是動詞lose的過去式和過去分詞形式。6.Whatalongtimeyousleptintheforest!你們在森林里睡了這么久！本句是what引導的感嘆句。alongtime很長的時間,time作＂時間＂講時是不可數(shù)名詞,但前面有修飾詞long,加a為習慣用法。what引導的感嘆句結構如下：（1）What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!Whataheavyboxitis!這是一個多么重的箱子?。?）What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatcoldweatheritis!天氣真冷！Whatbadweather!多糟糕的天氣！（3）What(+a/an)+名詞（+主語+謂語）!Whataday(itis)!這鬼天氣！how引導的感嘆句結構：How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!Howhighthebirdflies!這鳥飛得真高！Howbeautifultheflowersare!這些花多漂亮??！【知識拓展】（）_______________excitingsportitistogobikeriding!A.Whata B.Whatan C.What D.How7.Look!It’sleadingustothatwonderfulhousemadeofbread,cakeandcandy.看!它正引導我們?nèi)ツ莻€由面包、蛋糕和糖做成的漂亮的房子。（1）lead意為＂帶路；路＂,過去式和過去分詞均為led,常用結構：leadsbtosomeplace引導某人去代詞。Whatledyoutothinkso?是什么使你這樣想的？Goodhabitsleadtosuccess.好的習慣是成功的關鍵。IledLindatomyschoolyesterday.昨天我?guī)Я者_去我學校了。瑪麗將領我去她家。Marywill_______________me_______________herhouse.（2）(be)madeof意為＂由……制成＂。Thesweaterismadeofwool.這件毛衣是羊毛做的。Hebuiltawonderfulhousemadeofmarble.他建了一棟用大理石砌成的豪宅?！疽谆毂嫖觥縝emadeof,bemadefrom,bemadein,bemadeupof的區(qū)別bemadeof表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的質(zhì)和形狀,制作過程僅發(fā)生物理變化。Thekiteismadeofpaper.這個風箏是用紙做的。bemadefrom表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作過程中發(fā)生化學變化,在成品中已無法辨認。Butterismadefrommilk.黃油是從牛奶中提煉出來的。bemadein在……地方制造,產(chǎn)于……地方,表示某物是在某地生產(chǎn)或制造的。ThiskindofperfumeismadeinEngland.這種香水產(chǎn)于英國。bemadeupof由……組成(構成),指主要部分由兩個或兩個以上的部分組成(構成)。Thecommissionismadeupoffivepeople,includingtwowomen.委員會由五人組成,其中包括兩名婦女?！緢D解助記】bemade的不同搭配①那張桌子由竹子制成。Thattable_____________________________________________bamboo.②這紙是木頭做的。Thepaper_____________________________________________wood.8.Thentheyhearanoldwoman’svoicefrominsidethehouse.此時,他們聽見從房子里面?zhèn)鱽硪粋€老婦人的聲音。voice名詞,意為＂聲音,嗓音＂。常用短語：inalow/loudvoice,意為＂低聲/大聲地＂Wetalkedinalowvoicesothatweshouldn’twakethebabyup.我們小聲說話以免吵醒嬰兒?！疽谆毂嫖觥縱oice,noise,sound的區(qū)別voice一般指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲,也可用來指鳥鳴聲或一些擬人化的聲音。Heisnotingoodvoice.他現(xiàn)在的嗓音不好。noise意為＂噪聲,喧鬧聲＂,指不悅耳、令人討厭的聲音、雜聲、噪聲。Theoldmanenjoyedtheholiday,awayfromthecitynoise.這位老人喜歡度假,遠離城市的喧鬧。sound的含義較廣,指人們聽到的各種聲音,有意義或無意義的聲音。There’snosoundcomingfromtheTV.電視機沒有發(fā)出聲音?！緶剀疤崾尽扛泄賱釉~如see,hear,watch,feel,notice等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,通常不帶to。Theysawthethiefcrossthestreetjustnow.他們看到那個小偷剛剛穿過了街道。①Heheardsomeone_______________(cry)inthecorneroftheclassroom.②Ioftensawtheboy_______________(play)thepianointhemusicclassroomlastyear.9.Whoisbraveenoughtoeatmyhouse?誰這么大膽敢吃我的房子?（1）enough用作副詞,意為＂充足地,足夠地＂,修飾形容詞或副詞,置于這些詞的后面。（2）adj.+enough+todo意為＂做某事是足夠……的＂。Themanisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.這位男士足夠強壯,能夠搬動這個重箱子。enough的不同用法（1）enough可作形容詞,意為＂足夠的,充足的＂,修飾名詞,置于名詞的前后均可,但一般放在前面。Don’tworry.Wehaveenoughtimetodothejob.不要擔心,我們有足夠的時間去做工作。（2）adj.+enoughtodosth.常可與too...to...或so...that...相互轉化?！局R拓展】【圖解助記】①她年紀夠大,可以獨自旅行了。Sheis_____________________________________________travelbyherself.②Theiceistoothintoskateon.(改為同義句)Theiceisn’tthick______________________________skateon.10.Theycouldseethestonesbecauseoftheshiningmoon.Thestonesshowedthemthewayhome.因為月光,他們能夠看到石頭,石頭指引他們回家的路。（1）becauseof意為＂因為,由于＂,其后常接名詞或名詞短語。Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.他因為生病沒有去上學。（）Ididn’tgotothepartynot_______________theweather,but_______________Ididn’tfeelwell.A.becauseof；becauseB.because；becauseofC.because；becauseD.becauseof；becauseof（2）showsb.thewayto…告知(指引)某人去……的路。to后接here/there/home等副詞時,to省略。 Pleaseshowmethewaytoschool.請指明我去學校的路。【知識拓展】(1)showsb.around帶領某人參觀。Heshowedthestudentsaroundthefactory.他領著學生參觀了工廠。(2)showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某物給某人看。Sheshowedushernewsweater.=Sheshowedhernewsweatertous.她把她的新毛衣給我們看。(3)show作名詞,意為“演出,表演,節(jié)目,展覽”。schoolshow學校公演TVshow電視節(jié)目artshow藝術展典型例題和易錯題（一）單項選擇（）1.________educationalprogramVoiceis!Manyteenagersliketowatchit. A.Howan B.How C.Whatan D.What（）2.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourfreetime?—Gothroughmagazines.Itisagoodway________time. A.killing B.tokill C.wasting D.towaste（）3.Thoughtheboyis________,heshoutedoutwhenhesawasnake. A.nervous B.lonely C.fair D.brave（）4.—Itrainedhardthismorning.Howdidyougotowork?—Iwas________tomeetMr.Millernearmyhome.Hegavemearide. A.enoughlucky B.luckyenough C.enoughclever D.cleverenough（）5.Theyofferedhelp________theylearnedoftheaccident.Theyarereallywarm-hearted. A.assoonas B.aslongas C.although D.since（）6.wonderfulYangLiping’sdanceis! A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa（）7.________badpeople,theMonkeyKingusesamagicstick. A.Tofight B.Fighting C.Fought（）8.Thestudentsallliketheplay________JourneytotheWest. A.name B.isnamed C.named（）9.It's________coldoutside.You'dbetterwearwarmclotheswhenyougoout. A.bit B.little C.alittlebit（）10.—Wholivestogetherwithyourgrandmother?—________.Shelivesalone.Ioftengotoseeher.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Imadeaplan_______________(plant)somevegetablesinthegarden.2.Theyheardtheirboss_______________(argue)withamanoutside.3.Thesun_______________(shine)onherlovelyfaceandhairjustnow.4.Ourteacher_______________(lead)ustoamuseumlastSunday.5.Thechildrengot_______________(lose)intheforestatlast.6.MrWanghastwo_______________(wife)inhislife.7.Youcan’tleavealittlekid_______________(stay)athomealone.8.Thehouseis_______________(make)ofbread.9.Onceuponatime,there_______________(be)manyanimalsintheforest.Theylivedhappily.10.Didyoureadthestoryof_______________(sleep)Beauty?三、鞏固提高單詞拼寫1.The_______________(絲綢)isexpensive.Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforit.2.The_______________(內(nèi)衣)isbeautiful.Iwilltakeit.3.It’snotrightto_______________(欺騙)yourteachersorparents.4._______________(沒有人)helpedhimwithhishomework.Hediditbyhimself.5.Itis_______________(愚蠢的)ofmetofollowyouradvice.6.Pleasetellmethew_______________story,frombeginningtoend.7.Themooniss_______________throughthewindow.8.ThesingerLiQiwonthefirstplaceintheV_______________ofChina.9.Theb_______________policemansavedtheboyfromtheburningbuilding.10.Therearesomeyellowleavesontheg_______________.四、拓展延伸【Grammar】unless的用法unless意為＂除非，如果不＂，引導條件狀語從句。unless引導的條件狀語從句，若主句、從句的動作均未發(fā)生，則主句用一般將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞的句子，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Ishallgounlessitrains.如果不下雨我就去。注意：注意：（1）unless通?？梢耘cif...not結構進行相互轉換。Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.=Youwillfailifyoudon’tstudyhard.除非你努力學習，否則你會失敗。（2）若unless引導的從句本身為否定句，則unless不能用if...not來替換。assoonas的用法assoonas一……就……，強調(diào)兩個動作幾乎是連在一起的，后接從句。當主句是一般將來時，assoonas引導的狀語從句應用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。指緊接著發(fā)生的兩個短動作，主句用一般過去時，從句也用一般過去時。有時，為了特意表達剛剛完成某事就如何，需要用現(xiàn)在完成時。Thestudentsbecamequietassoonastheteachercamein.老師一進來，學生們就安靜下來了。注意：注意：assoonas引導的時間狀語從句在過去時態(tài)中主從句時態(tài)保持一致；若主句用一般將來時態(tài)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。so...that的用法so...that意為＂如此……以至于＂，引導表示結果的狀語從句。so是副詞，用以修飾其后的形容詞或副詞，說明其程度的大小。so...that引導的結果狀語從句有如下四種結構：（1）so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.這村子太小，所以地圖上沒有。Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.風刮得那么大，我們簡直寸步難行。（2）so＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＋that從句Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.天是那么的熱以至于他們都去游泳了。Hemadesoinspiringaspeechthateverybodygotexcited.他發(fā)表了如此鼓舞人的演講以至于大家都很激動。（3）so＋many/few＋復數(shù)名詞＋that從句IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊。Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。（4）so＋much/little＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.我當時囊中羞澀，甚至連一輛二手車都買不起。Hedranksomuchwinelastnightthathefeltterrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他覺得很不舒服。狀語從句的注意事項1.在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。Unlesswetalktosomeone,wewillcertainlyfeelworse.除非我們找人聊聊，不然我們肯定會感覺更糟。2.當主句與從句一致,且從句為肯定句時,so...that...可以與...enoughto結構相互轉換。Heissooldthathecanlookafterhimself.=Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.他足夠大了能照顧自己。3.當結果狀語從句表達否定意義時,可與too...to...結構相互轉換。Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.=Heistooyoungtolookafterhimself.他如此年輕以至于不能照顧自己。（一）用if，unless，assoonas或so/such...that填空1.Theanimalswere_______________lovely_______________Ispentawholedayinthezoo.2._______________itiscoldtomorrow,hewillstayathomeandwatchTV.3.Isentsomeflowerstoher_______________shefinishedspeakingonthestage.4.Itwas_______________aninterestingstory_______________everyonefellinlovewithit.5.Iwon’tletyouin_______________yougethereontime.6.Herushedhome_______________hegotthegoodnews.7.Youcan’tgethereontime_______________yougetupearlierthanbefore.課后作業(yè)（一）完形填空。forthedoorandamancameout.Sheaskedifheneededsomeflowers.Themansaidhedidn’twant.Sheleftthehouseandfelttired.Shesatdownatthefootofatallwall.Shelookedattheflowers.Theflowerssmeltverynice.Shesuddenlyhadanunusual.Shefeltshebecamelight,andslowlyshebegantointothesky.Sheflewhigherandhigherandatlastshefoundherselfontheclouds.Agroupofpeoplewerecomingtomeether.Attheheadofthemwashergranny.Sheherandaskedherwhyshedidn’tstayathome.Thegirltoldherthatshehadtosellflowerstogetmoneybecauseherparentswerebadlyill.Grannytoldhernottoaboutitandgaveherlotsofbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfood.Thegirllaughedhappily.Itsnowedheavilythatnight.Thegirldiedasmileonherface.Atthesametime,somerichpeopleinthebeautifulhousebegantosingChristmassongsandthemselves.1.A.advice B.money C.time D.place2.A.hungry B.excited C.nervous D.boring3.A.waitedfor B.cutup C.tookout D.knockedat4.A.some B.many C.any D.each5.A.feeling B.history C.plan D.idea6.A.walk B.fly C.run D.rush7.A.thanked B.left C.welcomed D.controlled8.A.talk B.argue C.care D.worry9.A.with B.for C.in D.Near10.A.taught B.enjoyed C.learned D.hurt（二）閱讀理解。SomeGodsinGreekMyth(希臘神話)ZeusistheyoungestsonofCronusandRhea.Hetookhisfather'splace