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英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作和情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種形式。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)共有16種,其中常用時(shí)態(tài)為12種.tense一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在dodoesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過(guò)去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來(lái)shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedone過(guò)去將來(lái)should/woulddo時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作.常與頻度副詞連用.Henevercomestoschoolwithouttakingataxi.Wedon’tlikeChineseclassesbecausetheyaresoboring.Itoftenrainshereinwinter.often,usuallyalwayssometimesseldomnever,everydayfrequently…普遍真理,諺語(yǔ),科學(xué)論斷,劇本等1.Doyouknowhowfastsoundtravels?2.Galileodecidedthatobjectsfalltothegroundatthesamespeedexceptthattheairholdsthemback.3.Waterboilsat100°C.4.Pridegoesbeforeafall.5.MoreteenagersTryCigarettes在時(shí)間與條件句子中表示將來(lái)如:when,if,until,unless,before,assoonas,after,everytime,themore…themore…程度狀語(yǔ)從句中等。
Supposehecomestomorrowwithagun,whatshallwedo?Themoreyougivehim,themorehewants.
Wouldyoupleasegivehimthemessagethemomenthe_____?A.arrivesB.istoarriveC.willarriveD.willbearriving2.He’llhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe____fromtheuniversity.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate√√注意下面一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在句中的用法Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Beforeyouleavetheclassroom,seetoitthatthedoorislocked.ThetrainfromBeijingarrivesatPlatform8at8:15在There,here開(kāi)頭的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)中,在makesure,seetoitthat,besure短語(yǔ)后接從句結(jié)構(gòu)中和時(shí)間表規(guī)定好的要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).高考時(shí)態(tài)題1.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI________thereseveralyearsago.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen(全國(guó)07)√2.—Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI
______visitors.A.hadB.haveC.havehadD.willhave上海07√3.HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?Justfilloutthisformandwe_____whatwecandofouryou.A.seeB.a(chǎn)reseeingC.haveseenD.willsee(北京07)√4.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_______forthewedding.
A.willplan B.hasplanned C.wouldplanD.hadplanned(全國(guó)06)√5.Iwon'ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe____onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked(湖北06)√6.Mary,______here--everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming(06)全國(guó)√7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreached D.hadreached(江蘇07)√8.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey___innotime.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell(全國(guó)07)√2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成:am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:Whereisyourfather?Heisplayingmahjongdowninthebasement.Wearethinkingofsettingupabandsincesomanystudentslikeplayingmusicinstruments.表示思維、狀態(tài)與感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,believe,think等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。Whatdoyouthinkof(about)thenewteacher?比較:Whatareyouthinkingabout?(“思考”不是“認(rèn)為”)表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:feel,taste,smell,look…表示狀態(tài)的詞,如:contain,include,have,exist,belong等不用進(jìn)行時(shí)Thematerialfeelssoft.TheexpensivecarbelongstoMr.Green.表示說(shuō)話人的感情,如:贊揚(yáng),厭惡,帶有感情色彩,常與always連用.Youarealwayscominglate.Heisalwaysdoingwellintheexamination.表示最近或按計(jì)劃安排的動(dòng)作:ThebusisarrivingatXingzhuangstation(stop).I’mverysadbecausemyolddogisdying.1.-Isthisraincoatyours?
-No,mine____therebehindthedoor.
A.ishanging B.hashung C.hangs D.hung2.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I_______mymum.A.a(chǎn)mtaking B.havetakenC.take D.willhavetaken3.Anewcinema____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt√√√3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況We’ll(shall,will)becarefulindealingwithsuchkindofpeople.ShallImakeaphotocopyofit?(詢問(wèn))ShallwegototheOrientalPearlTowertohaveaskydivingthere?(建議)u
begoingto亦可表示將來(lái)或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的情況。注意,在表示“打算”、“準(zhǔn)備”做什么時(shí),往往不用will(shall),如:Lookatthedarkcloud.Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicnextweekend.如:Whensheleavesyou,you’llfindyoucan’tdowithouther.但是,雖然begoingto可以用來(lái)表示將來(lái),但有條件句或表示假設(shè)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中,一般都使用will而不是
begoingtoIfyoudaretobullykidsagain,you’llbedead.u
betodosth.表示計(jì)劃、安排、預(yù)計(jì)等ThetunnelistobeopentotrafficonNewYear’sDay.ThepresidentistoarriveinBeijingthisafternoon.Youarenottoopenthedoor.表示命令表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生Theywereabouttoleave.此結(jié)構(gòu)不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.beabouttodo..You’veleftthelighton.Oh,soIhave.____andturnitoff.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.
—______.
A.Idon't
B.Iwon't
C.Ican't
D.Ihaven't√√3.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey____.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive√4.Nextyearmysister___tenyearsold.shallB.isgoingtobeC.isabouttobeD.willbe√一般將來(lái)時(shí)小節(jié):will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).2.begoingtodo表示最近人的打算,意圖或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情.3.betodo事先安排好要發(fā)生的事情4.beabouttodo即將要發(fā)生的事情.4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去的情況或動(dòng)作。Whoputforwardthesuggestion?Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.*Sheworkedfortenhoursyesterday.容易寫成:Shehadworkedfortenhours…應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)但常常被忽略的例子:Whatwasthescore?(比賽已經(jīng)過(guò)去)Howdidyoulikeherperformance?(剛剛演完)Ididn’tknowyouwereapoliceofficer.(現(xiàn)在知道了)Ineverthoughtshewouldbeyourwife!(當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)想到)Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.(當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有料到)1.─Yourphonenumberagain?I____quitecatchit.─It's9568442.
A.didn't
B.couldn't
C.don't
D.can't2.–Nancyisnotcomingtonight.
--Butshe_____!
A.promises B.promisedC.willpromise D.hadpromised√√3.Thesummerholidayswehadbeenlookingforwardto___atlast.A.comingB.havingcomeC.hadcomeD.came√5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:have/has+過(guò)去分詞A.從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止所發(fā)生的情況Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.Howmanypagesofthestoryhaveyouread?B.對(duì)現(xiàn)在依然有影響的情況和動(dòng)作Seewhatyou’vedone!You’vegrownintoayoungman!要點(diǎn):有下面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要用完成時(shí):since,sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears(days),etc.
有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間,不用完成時(shí) 動(dòng)詞不可延續(xù),伴有連續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),不用完成時(shí)。如: ╳WehavecometoShanghaiforalmostthreemonths.1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I____her severaltimes.
A.hadmet
B.havemet
C.met
D.meet√2.IwonderwhyJenny___tousrecently.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten√3.Howlong___atthisjob?Since1998.wereemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyouemployed√4.Wehaven’tseenyou____.inthepastfouryearsB.sincefouryearsC.lastfouryearsD.fouryearsago√6.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)注意現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較構(gòu)成:have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在連續(xù)的動(dòng)作和情況,動(dòng)作也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去Hehasbeencuttingthetreesincelunch.(Thetreeisstillthere.)比較:Hehascutthetree.(Maybethetreeiscutdown)Ihavewrittenaletter.(已寫完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(還在寫)Thesunhasrisen.太陽(yáng)已升起來(lái)了.Thesunhasbeenrising.太陽(yáng)正在冉冉升起1.Eventhoughthey___fortwentyyears,thetwoneighboursarenotongoodterms.A.havebeenlivedsidebysideB.hadbeenlivingsidebysideC.havebeensidebysidelivingD.havebeenlivingsidebyside√2.She___onthisessayfortwentyminutesbutshehaswrittenonlyaboutahundredwords.A.willbeworking B.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.willhaveworked√3.He___letterssincebreakfastandhe___threeletterssofar.haswritten;wrotehasbeenwriting;haswritteniswriting;haswrittenhasbeenwriting;writes√7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?AtthattimeshewaswatchingaTVprogramme.往往有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:lastnight,atthattime,whenIcalled…,etc.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用實(shí)例:
警察破案調(diào)查:--Whatwereyoudoingwhenthemurderhappened?--Iwashavingagoodtimedancingwithalady.講述故事,描寫故事發(fā)生背景:
Oneday,wewerewalkingalongtheriverbankwhensuddenlyweheardsomebodycryingforhelp.…例:Shirley_____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.
A.haswrittenB.wrote
C.hadwrittenD.waswriting
√IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.hasworked√8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:had+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(過(guò)去的過(guò)去)。Bythetimehegraduatedfromuniversity,hehadlearnedaboutthreeforeignlanguages.Nosoonerhad…than…,Hardly(scarcely)had…when….需要倒裝。Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanitbegantorain.正常語(yǔ)序:Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.通常有下面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)出現(xiàn):by…,untilthen,when…,before…,etc特別是在這樣的句型中:很多時(shí)候,句子并沒(méi)有給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的提示,需要從上下文判斷是否有一個(gè)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。HecametoJapanfinally.Hehadn’tlearntawordofJapanesebefore.FortunatelyhecouldoftenrecognizetheJapanesewordswhichlookedmoreorlesssimilartoChinese.1.Hewasverysad,becausehedidn’tfindajobthoughhe_____foritforthreemonthswaslooking B.hasbeenlookingC.lookedD.hadlooked√2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium___inBeijing.wouldbecompletedwasbeingcompletedhasbeencompletedhadbeencompleted√動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式.動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種.主動(dòng)(activevoice)和被動(dòng)(passivevoice).主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者.構(gòu)成:be+過(guò)去分詞,其時(shí)態(tài)由be的不同時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示.一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過(guò)去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來(lái)shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone時(shí)間狀態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)后面.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.2.常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的有:動(dòng)詞want,need,require,deserve后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thepointdeservesmentioning.3.在以下動(dòng)詞sell,read,wash,photograph,write,open,iron,worth,等后,用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)Thepencilwritessmoothly.Thedoorwon’topen/shut.Thegirldoesn’tphotographwell.Thegirlisn’tphotographedwell.Thebooksellswell.Thebookhasbeensold.Thematerialdoesn’twashwell.Thefilmisworthseeingtwice.Dampclothesironeasily.3.感官系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)式:feel,smell,sound,taste,prove
…Thepieceofmeatsmell
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