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北京市2021年中考真題試卷英語試卷

一、單項填空,從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選

項。(每題0.5分,共6分)

1.(2021,北京)Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We'vedecidedtomakeacakefor.

A.himB.herC.youD.them

【答案】B

【考點】賓格的人稱代詞,代詞辨析

【解析】【分析】句意:Mary的生日快來了。我們已經決定為她做一塊蛋糕了.A:him他;B:her

她的;C:you你;D:them他們根據(jù)Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.可知,此處指我們已經決定為她做一塊

蛋糕了。故選B。

【點評】考查代詞辨析,注意人稱代詞賓格形式的用法。

2.(2021,北京)SpaceDayofChinafallsApril24theveryyear.

A.onB.byC.atD.in

【答案】A

【考點】介詞辨析

【解析】【分析】句意:中國的太空日是每年的4月24日。。n用在具體的某一天;by在......之前;at在,

后跟具體的時間點;in后跟連續(xù)的一段較長的時間前,此處指具體的一天,要用介詞。n,故選A。

【點評】考查介詞辨析,注意常見介詞on,by,at和in的用法。

3.(2021,北京)—shallwemeetforthepicnic?

—Attheschoolgate.

A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where

【答案】D

【考點】疑問詞辨析

【解析】【分析】句意:一一我們將在哪里見面進行野餐?一一在學校大門口。how怎樣;when什么時候;

why為什么;where在哪里。根據(jù)Attheschoolgate.可知,此處要用where對地點提問,故選D。

【點評】考查疑問詞,注意根據(jù)答語選擇合適的疑問詞。

4.(2021?北京)—Sam,Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.

A.canB.mustC.shouldD.need

【答案】A

【考點】情態(tài)動詞

【解析】【分析】句意:一一山姆,我能和你一起參加社區(qū)服務活動嗎?一一當然你可以。can能;must

必須;should應該;need需要。根據(jù)Ofcourseyoucan.可知,此處問的是我能和你一起參加社區(qū)服務活

動嗎?故選A。

【點評】考查情態(tài)動詞,注意識記can,must,should和need的用法。

5.(2021?北京)Thedoctorsworkedfortenhours,nobodytookabreak.

A.soB.forC.butD.or

【答案】c

【考點】連詞辨析

【解析】【分析】句意:醫(yī)生們工作了10個小時,但沒有人休息一下。s。所以;for為了;but但是;or

或者。根據(jù)Thedoctorsworkedfortenhours可知,此處表示轉折,要使用轉折連詞but,故選C。

【點評】考查連詞辨析,注意常見連詞so,for,but和or的用法及積累。

6.(2021,北京)TheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyisthanbefore.

A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcareful

【答案】B

【考點】比較級的一般句式

【解析X分析】句意:老師很高興看到托尼比以前更加小心了。根據(jù)than可知,此處要使用形容詞careful

的比較級,其比較級是morecareful,故選B。

【點評】考查比較級,注意識記形容詞比較級的用法。

7.(2021,北京)—Peter,whatareyoudoing?

—Oh,Iareportaboutnationalheroes.

A.willwriteB.amwritingC.wroteD.havewritten

【答案】B

【考點】現(xiàn)在進行時

【解析】【分析】句意:一一彼得,你在干什么?一一奧,我正在寫一篇關于民族英雄的報告。根據(jù)問句

Peter,whatareyoudoing?以及語境,正在寫一篇關于民族英雄的報告,要使用現(xiàn)在進行時,其結構為be

(am,is,are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。

【點評】考查現(xiàn)在進行時,注意識記其結構和用法。

8.(2021,北京)MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.

A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted

【答案】D

【考點】一般過去時

【解析】【分析】句意:我的父母和我上周日去植樹了。根據(jù)lastSunday可知,句子使用一般過去時,

動詞要用過去式planted,故選D。

【點評】考查一般過去時,注意根據(jù)時間狀語判斷句子的時態(tài)。

9.(2021,北京)—Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?

—Iexercisewithmyfriends.

A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing

【答案】A

【考點】表示目前存在的狀態(tài)、性質或經常發(fā)生的動作或習慣

【解析】【分析】句意:一一莉莉,放學后你通常會干什么?一一我和我的朋友們一起鍛煉。根據(jù)usually

可知,句子應使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語I后,謂語動詞要使用動詞原形,故選A。

【點評】考查一般現(xiàn)在時,注意根據(jù)語境確定時態(tài)和動詞的變化。

10.(2021■北京)Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.

A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn

【答案】C

【考點】過去開始發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

【解析】【分析】句意:史密斯先生學漢語已經兩年了。他現(xiàn)在已經好多了。根據(jù)fortwoyears可知,句

子要使用現(xiàn)在完成時,其構成是have/has+過去分詞,主語Mr.Sm此是第三人稱單數(shù),助動詞要使用

has,故選C。

【點評】考查現(xiàn)在完成時,注意識記其結構為have/has+動詞過去分詞。

11.(2021,北京)Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.wereenjoyedD.areenjoyed

【答案】D

【考點】一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)

【解析】【分析】句意:今天,許多甚至孩子們也喜歡冬奧會運動。根據(jù)語境,句子是一般現(xiàn)在時,主語

winterOlympicsports和謂語動詞enjoy之間是動賓關系,句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主語是復數(shù),

be動詞用are,故選D。

【點評】考查被動語態(tài),注意識記一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的構成及用法。

12.(2021,北京)—Couldyoupleasetellme?

—NextThursdaymorning.

A.whenwevisitedtheCapitalMuseum

B.whendidwevisittheCapitalMuseum

C.whenwewillvisittheCapitalMuseum

D.whenwillwevisittheCapitalMuseum

【答案】C

【考點】時態(tài)統(tǒng)一,陳述語序

【解析】【分析】句意:一一你能告訴我我們什么時候去參觀首都博物館嗎?一一下周四早上。此處是賓

語從句,要用陳述語序,排除BD選項;根據(jù)NextThursdaymorning.可知,句子使用一般將來時,故選

C?

【點評】考查賓語從句,注意賓語從句的連接詞、語序及時態(tài)。

二、完形填空(每題1分,共8分)

13.(2021?北京)閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇

最佳選項。

ThePictureofPeace

WhenMikewasseven,heknewhisdreamwastobeaphotographer.Hekeptworkingonitforyears.

Recently,hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset(日落)toentertheschool1competition.

"Mom,ithasbeencloudythesedays.Idon'tthinkIcangetthispicture!"Mikecomplained.

"Whynotuseoneofyourphotosonthecomputer?"suggestedMom.

Hlcan't-therulessaythephotoshavetobetakenwithatraditionalcamera.Wehandinarolloffilm,itgets

developed(沖洗膠卷),andwe2onephotoforthecompetition."

:11XFK

"Whyisasunsetsoimportant?"Momasked.

"The3ofthecompetitionispeace,"Mikeexplained,"andIfeelmostpeacefulseeinga

sunset.

Zach,hissix-year-oldbrothercameoutofthebedroom."Hey,youwanttotakeapictureofme?Look!"He

putbotharmsoverhishead.

"Notrightnow,"saidMike,laughing.

Thatveryafternoon,Mikefeltexcitedwhenhesawclearskies.Hecarefullylineduphisshot(鏡頭)and

waited4tillthesunreachedtheground.

"That'sit!Perfect!"heshoutedcheerfully.

Thenextmorning,Mikenoticedhecouldtakeonemorepicturetocompletetherolloffilm,sohewalked

intoZach'sroom.Zachwas5quietlywithateddybearunderhisarm.Mikedidn'twakeZach

up,andcarefullytookapictureofhim.

Aweeklater,Mikegotthephotos.Thesunsetpicturewastheonehewasmost6tosee.

Thereitwas!ItwasasnearlyperfectasMikehadexpected.

Then,helookedthroughtheotherphotos.Suddenly,hestopped.Hiseyebrows(眉毛)roseashe

7thephotoofZach.Helookedbackatthephotoofthesunset,whichseemedlessperfectnow.He___

8thetwochoices.Finally,hedecidedtohandinthephotoofZachforthecompetition.

1.A.violinB.tennisC.photoD.chess

2.A.chooseB.collectC.describeD.design

3.A.prizeB.topicC.resultD.purpose

4.A.politelyB.bravelyC.hopefullyD.secretly

5.A.playingB.readingC.writingD.sleeping

6.A.afraidB.eagerC.surprisedD.confused

7.A.studiedB.sharedC.copiedD.fixed

8.A.changedB.offeredC.acceptedD.weighed

【答案】(1)C;(2)A;(3)B;(4)C;(5)D;(6)B;(7)A;(8)D;

【考點】故事閱讀類,記敘文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文是一篇記敘文。Mike從小就夢想成為一名攝影師,一天學校組辦攝影比

賽,他希望用日落的照片參賽,之后無意間Zach的一張照片吸引了他的注意力,于是他改變了主意。

【點評】考查完形填空。根據(jù)所給的短文對意思有所了解,然后根據(jù)短文的大體意思,選擇每個符合題意

的答案,使短文更通順。

⑴句意:最近,他試圖拍攝一張日落的照片,以參加學校的攝影比賽。A.violin小提琴;B.tennis,網球;

C.photo照片;D.chess象棋。根據(jù)"Recently,hewastryingtotakeapictureofasunset"可知,最近他試圖拍

一張日落的照片,目的是參加學校的攝影比賽。故選C。

(2)句意:我們?yōu)楸荣愡x擇了一張照片。A.choose選擇;B.collect搜集;C.describe描述;D.design設計;前

文"WehandinarolloffUm,itgetsdeveloped."可知,我們上交一卷膠卷,沖洗好,從這些照片里選出來一

張參賽。故選A。

⑶句意:比賽的主題是和平,”邁克解釋說,"看到日落,我感到最平靜。Aprize獎品;B.topic話題;

Cresult結果;D.purpose目的;根據(jù)"andIfeelmostpeacefulseeingasunset."可知,邁克感覺日落讓他感到

最平靜,所以這次比賽的主題是和平。故選B。

⑷句意:他小心翼翼地排好子彈,滿懷希望地等到太陽到達地面。A.politely有禮貌地;B.bravely勇敢

地;C.hopefully有希望地;D.secretly秘密地;前文指出看到晴朗的天空之后他很開心,后面又提到他等到

了那個畫面,所以現(xiàn)在他是滿懷希望地等著太陽射到地面。故選C。

⑸句意:扎克正靜靜地睡覺,腋下夾著一只泰迪熊。A.playing玩耍;B.reading閱讀;C.writing寫作;

D.sleeping睡覺;下文"Mikedidn'twakeZachup"可知,邁克沒有叫醒Zach,所以Mike進去的時候,Zach在

睡覺。故選Do

⑹句意:日落的照片是他最渴望看到的照片。A.afraid害怕的;B.eager渴望的;C.surprised驚訝的;

D.confused困惑的;根據(jù)前文可知,日落的畫面是他很期望得到的。故選B。

(7)句意:當他仔細地看著扎克的照片,眉毛揚了起來。A.studied學習;B.shared分享;C.copied復制;

D.fixed修理;結合句意可知,突然,他停了下來,因此應該是仔細地看著扎克的照片,眉毛揚了起來,

因此選studied符合題意。故選A。

⑻句意:他權衡了這兩個選擇。A.changed改變;B.offered主動提供;C.accepted接受;D.weighed權衡;

前文指出在兩張照片之間有點糾結,所以該句句意是"他權衡了這兩個選擇,最后他決定把扎克的照片交

上去參加比賽。"因此選weighed符合題意。故選D。

三、閱讀理解(每題2分,共26分)

14.(2021?北京)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳

選項。

YoungHeroesforthePlanet

Nowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefouryoungadults

madeadifference.

SavingPandas

WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosoldtoypandastoraise

moneytoprotectpandasindanger."Ihopetoencouragemorepeopletocareaboutpandas,"Jacksays.

>GrowingRight

Kathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantinrightplaces.Shealso

wroteabooktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto(本土的)theirarea.

CreatingEnergy

Attheageof12LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfromfieldstomake

electricity(電),Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinawaythatislessharmfultothe

environment.

CleaningUp

/r'VtrV

Patrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectandpickedupplasticwaste

aroundnearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.

(1)Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?

AJack.

B.Kathy.

C.Linda.

0.Patrick.

(2)HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?

A.ll.

B.12.

C.13.

D.14.

(3)WhatwasthegoalofPatrick'sproject?

A.Tofightplasticpollution.

B.Toprotectpandasindanger

C.Tolearnaboutnativeplants.

D.Touseheattomakeelectricity.

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)A

【考點】人物傳記類,議論文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文介紹了四位正在改變世界的孩子。

【點評】考查閱讀理解,在讀懂文章大意的基礎上,與題目有機的結合,從文中找到相關細節(jié)性的句子與

選項細細對比,有時可采用排除法快速得出答案。

(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas”杰克11歲時,他成

立了一個組織,教孩子們關于熊貓的知識??芍?,Jack創(chuàng)辦了一個組織教孩子們關于熊貓的知識。故選

Ao

⑵細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Attheageof12LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE"Linda在12歲的時候發(fā)明了一

臺叫做SuperE的機器。可知,Linda發(fā)明SuperE的時候12歲。故選B。

⑶細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution”可知,Patrick項目的目標是對抗塑

料污染。故選A。

15.(2021?北京)閱讀理解

WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,myclasswasassigned(指派)tobefriendswiththesecond-gradekids.Igot

thislittlegirlnamedShelley.ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.Shewassmallforherage,andshe

didn'tplaywiththeotherkidsinherclass.

Itriedallkindsofthingstogethertotalktome.Iboughthertoys,crayonsandcandies,ButtryasImight,

nothingworked.Onetine,Igaveheracoloringbookandsaid,"Shelley,nowyoucancolorinitanytime."

Shelleylookedatthecoloringbookandthenlookedupatme,andfinallylookedaway.Bythat,Ididn't

knowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn'tgiveuponher.

OneFriday.Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood.ItoldherthatIfeltlonelywhenIwaswithmy

classmates,andhowIthoughtonlymyteacherslikedme.Ialsotoldherthateverydaywasabattle(戰(zhàn)役)for

meandIfoughtbacktearssopeoplewouldn'tknowhowmuchIwashurting.

Shesattherejustlistening,tryingtodecidewhetherIwaslyingornotFinally,whenmystoryended,there

weretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedidtheunthinkable.Shesaid,"Thankyou."Fromthenon,Shelleywasa

differentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.

LookingbackatthisI'minawe(驚嘆),becauseallIdidwastohelpherrealizethatshewasn'talone.Ididn't

askhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.

(1)WhatwasShelleylikewhenthewriterfirstsawher?

A.Cold.

B.Lazy.

C.Noisy.

D.SIow.

(2)InordertogetthroughtoShelley,thewriter.

A.wroteherabook

B.madeheratoy

C.drewherapicture

D.toldherastory

(3)Shelleychangedalotbecausesherealizedthat.

A.herteacherslovedher

B.herclassmateswerekind

C.thewriterunderstoodher

D.shehadtostudyevenharder

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)C

【考點】故事閱讀類,記敘文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文講述了作者幫助一個不愛講話的女孩Shelley變得更加開朗的故事。作者

驚嘆于Shelley的改變,因為作者認為自己所做的就是讓Shelley知道自己并不孤單。

【點評】考查閱讀理解,做題時要在理解好文章大意的基礎上,與題目有機的結合,從文中找到相關細節(jié)

性的句子與選項細細對比,有時可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold"我第一次見到她時,她沉默而冷

漠??芍髡叩谝淮我姷絊helley時,她沉默而且冷漠,故選A。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Bythat/didn'tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewI

wouldn'tgiveuponher"這時,我不知道該如何打動這個小女孩,但我知道我不會放棄她的。以及第四段

"OneFriday.ldecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood"一個星期五。我決定告訴她一個關于我童年的故

事??芍?,為了接近Shelley,作者給她講了一個故事。故選D。

⑶推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedid

theunthinkable.Shesaid,"Thankyou,"Fromthenon,Shelleywasadifferentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingand

talkingwithotherkids"最后,當我的故事結束時,她熱淚盈眶。然后她做了一件不可思議的事。她說:"謝

謝。"從那時起,Shelley變成了一個與眾不同的小女孩。她開始微笑著和其他孩子聊天。以及最后一段"I

didn'taskhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory"我沒有讓她講她的故事,因為她的故事就是我的

故事??芍?,Shelley改變了很多是因為她意識到作者理解她。故選C。

16.(2021,北京)閱讀理解

SchoolGardensCouldHelpChildrenTryMoreVegetables

It'snotalwaysenjoyableforchildrentoeatvegetables.Butwhatifagardenisbuiltintheschool?New

researchsuggeststhatagardeningprograminschoolscanincreasechildren'svegetableintake(攝入量).

HowtheStudyWasCarriedOut

Thestudywascarriedoutineightschools,Eachschoolwasinthegardeningprogramforoneschoolyear.

Everychildingrades3-5receivedatotalofeighteen60-minutelessonsacrosstheschoolyear.Intheprogram,

eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables.

TheBenefitsChildrenCouldGet

Thestudyfoundthatvegetableintakeifthechildrenwhogrewtheirownproduceincreasedgreatlyacross

theyear.Relatedstudiesshowthatincreasedvegetableintakecanimprovehealthandcuttheriskofchronic

diseases(t曼性疾?。?Notonlyaretherebenefitstohealth,increasingthevarietyofvegetableschildrenare

exposed(接觸)tomayalsomakemealtimesmucheasier."Childrenwhoareoftenexposedtoavarietyof

vegetablesaremorelikelytotrynewfoods,"explainsDr.KerryJones.Forchildren,growingtheirownfoodisa

powerfultooltoincreasetheirintakeofthefood.

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful."Ifchildrenarelearningabout

vegetablesatschool,it'simportanttoencouragethisinterest,"saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildren

aboutwhattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencan

alsoreadbookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhooffer

usefulmessage.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideasto

cookvegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrento

understandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.

Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce.If

childrenaretaughttoenjoyvegetablesearlyinlife,theywillprobablycontinueeatingvegetablesinthelong

term.

(1)Whatdidchildrendointhegardeningprogram?

A.Theydidresearchonnewplants.

B.Theygrewfreshproduceatschool.

C.Theytookhomegreenvegetables

D.Theybuiltgardensfortheirclasses.

(2)WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?

A.ldeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHome

B.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHome

C.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildren

0.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromtheprogram?

A.Parent*supportmightimprovechildren'sreading.

B.Schoolprogramscoulddevelopstudents'creativity.

C.Doingstudiescanpreparestudentsforfuturelearning.

D.Hands-onexperiencemayinfluencechildren'spreference.

【答案】(1)B

(2)B

(3)D

【考點】醫(yī)療保健類,說明文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文介紹了在學校花園里讓學生自己種植蔬菜的好處。

【點評】考查閱讀理解,做題時要在理解好文章大意的基礎上,與題目有機的結合,從文中找到相關細節(jié)

性的句子與選項細細對比,有時可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Intheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrow

theirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables."在該項目中,每一所學校都建了一個花園,孩子們在

那里學會種植自己的新鮮農產品,比如水果和蔬菜??芍⒆觽冊谀抢飳W會種植自己的新鮮農產品。

故選B,

⑵句意猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful."

任何讓孩子接觸更多蔬菜的機會都是有意義的。以及整段內容可知,本段主要介紹了從不同方面鼓勵孩

子們多吃蔬菜的方法。故選B。

⑶推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincrease

theirpreferencefortheproduce."教孩子們自己種植農產品,是增加他們對農產品偏好的一個很好的方

法??芍?,實踐經驗可能會影響孩子的偏好。故選D。

17.(2021?北京)閱讀理解

Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhuman

activitiesand.ontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonly

opinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthat

culture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehuman

species(物種).

Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭)againsthumannature.Weare

bornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationuses

cultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearnto

adapt(適應),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.

Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthat

theformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemsto

beanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunityto

changelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons(武器)isrelatedtothatadaptation-from

rocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.

Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthink

ofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthat

biologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.

foil

mail

Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat'sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheir

shell,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimesor

amongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.Wecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfrom

RussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeaks

thatlanguage.

(1)WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Culturebelongstohumannature.

B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.

C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.

D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.

(2)WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?

A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans'struggleforlife.

C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.

D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.

(3)Theword"transmission"inParagraph4probablymeans"

A.system

B.spread

C.start

D.spirit

(4)Whatisthewriter'sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?

A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.

B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.

C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.

D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)C

【考點】社會文化類,議論文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文是一篇議論文。自然和文化常常被視為對立的觀點,但人類發(fā)展的研究

表明,二者但是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分。生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊密相連的,文化的傳播似乎與我

們血液中的東西直接相關。

【點評】考查閱讀理解,做題時要先瀏覽文章,然后將題干與原文有機的結合,從文中找到相關細節(jié)性的

句子與選項細細對比,有時可采用排除法快速得出答案。

⑴段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段"Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭)against

humannature"幾位現(xiàn)代作家把教育的過程看作是一場與人性的斗爭??赏茢?,第二段主要介紹了教育推

動人類進步。故選D。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewand

differentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits."這似乎是一種適應,使人類能夠進入新的

和不同的地區(qū),打開改變生活習慣的機會。可知,作者第三段談論狩獵是為了展示文化是如何隨著人類

適應環(huán)境而發(fā)展的。故選C。

⑶詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞所在句句意:文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關。正如蝸牛帶

著殼一樣,我們也會帶著自己的文化。結合選項可推出,transmission的意思是"傳播",故選B。

⑷觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段"Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentareclosely

tied"很明顯,生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊密相連的。結合文章內容可推知,作者認為自然和文化是不

同的,但互為聯(lián)系。故選C。

四、閱讀表達(每題2分,共10分)

18.(2021?北京)閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內容回答問題。

Screen-FreeDays

IrememberthefirsttimeIsuggestedscreen-freedaysinourschooltosomeofourstudentleaders.

Jokingly,Isaidtothegroup,"Whatdoyouthinkifwegoaweekwithoutusingourlaptopsorsmartphones?"

Theylaughed,andoneofthemsaid,"Noway,Mr.White.Theywouldbetoomuch."Icouldfeeltheirworry,

andtoldthemthatIwasonlyconsideringsinglescreen-freedays.Eventhatidealeftthemfeelingupset.

Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayonscreens.Manyof

mystudentsstarttheirdaybycheckingtheirsmartphones.Ioftenseethemlookingattheirphoneswhen

gettingoffthebusoratparentsdrop-off-theycan'tusetheirown"screens"atschool.Theyusuallyworkon

computersatschoolforatleasttwohoursduringtheday.

It'sclearthatourstudentsspendalotoftimeonscreens,Wedoseethebenefitsoftechnology.However,

weteachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfrom

theirscreens.That*swhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.

Duringthecourseoftheyear,wehavebuiltinseveralscreen-freedaysthatrequireustomakedifferent

plansforourstudentsabouthowtheywillcommunicatewithoneanotherandtheworldaroundthemwithout

"screens".Forsometeachers,thismeansbringingbackavaluablelessonplanthathasbeenputoffforsome

timebecauseitis"outofdate".Othershavedesignedsomethingcompletelynew.

Funactivities,forexample,cardgamesandroomescape(密室逃脫)games,areorganizedatschool.In

theseactivities,studentssocializewithoutsmartphonesandhaveface-to-facecommunicationwithoutchecking

on"likes"they'vegotonline.Thesefunactivitiesalsomakeitpossibleforthewholegradetoenjoythecompany

oftheirfriendswithnosmartphones.

Afterourfirstscreen-freeday,studentsmentionedthattheyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.Findingways

tohelpourstudentsconnectwithoneanotherisimportant.

Whiletechnologyisalreadypartofourworld,itshouldn'tplaysuchanimportantroleinalearner'slife.

(1)Howmanyhoursdomoststudentsintheschoolspendonscreenseveryday?

(2)Whyhavetheteacherscomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays?

(3)Whatfunactivitiescanthestudentshaveatschool?

(4)Howdidthestudentsfeelafterthefirstscreen-freeday?

(5)Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofscreen-freedays?Whydoyouthinkso?

[答案](1)Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

(2)Becausetheywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningandsocialexperiencesawayfrom

theirscreens.

(3)Theycanhavefunactivitieslikecardgamesandroomescapegames.

(4)Theyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.

(5)略

【考點】日常生活類,記敘文

【解析】【分析】文章大意:隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展和普及,我們很多學生每天花在屏幕上的時間很多。因

此為了不影響他們的學習,學校提出了"無屏幕日",用一些有趣的活動來取代屏幕時間,讓學生回到真正

的現(xiàn)實生活中來。

【點評】考查任務型閱讀,做題時首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意。其次,細讀題材,

各個擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題再回到原文中去尋

找、捕獲有關信息。

(1)細節(jié)理詢吊題。根據(jù)Accordingtoasurveywedid,moststudentinourschoolspendaboutsixhoursadayon

screens.可知根據(jù)我們所做的一項調查,我們學校的大多數(shù)學生每天花6個小時在屏幕上。所以學校里的

大多數(shù)學生每天花大約6個小時在屏幕上。故答案為Theyspendaboutsixhoursonscreenseveryday.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)

(2)Howeverzweteachersalsowanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningand

socialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.That'swhywehavecomeupwiththeideaofscreen-freedays.可矢口

但是,我們老師也希望確保學生在遠離屏幕的地方有平衡的學習和社會體驗,這就是為什么我們想出了

無屏幕天的想法。所以老師們會想出無屏幕的日子的想法,因為他們想確保學生在遠離屏幕的地方有平

衡的學習和社會體驗。故答案為Becausetheywanttomakesurethatstudentshavebalancedlearningand

socialexperiencesawayfromtheirscreens.

⑶細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Funactivities,forexample,cardgamesandroomescape(密室逃脫)games,areorganized

atschool.可知學校組織了一些有趣的活動,例如紙牌游戲和房間逃生游戲。所以學生們在學校有一些有

趣的活動,如紙牌游戲和房間逃生游戲。故答案為Theycanhavefunactivitieslikecardgamesandroom

escapegames.

(4)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Afterourfirstscreen-freeday,studentsmentionedthattheyweresurprisedthey

enjoyedit.可知在我們的第一個無屏幕日之后,學生們提到他們很驚訝他們喜歡它。所以學生們在第一天

沒有屏幕后感覺自己很享受。故答案為Theyweresurprisedtheyenjoyedit.

推理表達題。根據(jù)

(5)Afterourfirstscreen-freedayzstudent

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