新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記 Lesson38全套

[全]新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記：Lesson38【課文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Whatdoesthistextdescribe?Contaminationofwatersuppliesisusuallyduetopoorsanitationclosetowatersources,sewagedisposalintothesourcesthemselves,leakageofsewageintodistributionsystemsorcontaminationwithindustrialorfarmwaste.Evenifapipedwatersupplyissafeatitssource,itisnotalwayssafebythetimeitreachesthetap.Intermittenttap-watersuppliesshouldberegardedasparticularlysuspect.Travellersonshorttripstoareaswithwatersuppliesofuncertainqualityshouldavoiddrinkingtap-water,oruntreatedwaterfromanyothersource.Itisbesttokeeptohotdrinks,bottledorcanneddrinksofwell-knownbrandnames--internationalstandardsofwatertreatmentareusuallyfollowedatbottlingplants.Carbonateddrinksareacidic,andslightlysafer.Makesurethatallbottlesareopenedinyourpresence,andthattheirrimsarecleananddry.Boilingisalwaysagoodwayoftreatingwater.Somehotelssupplyboiledwateronrequestandthiscanbeusedfordrinking,orforbrushingteeth.Portableboilingelementsthatcanboilsmallquantitiesofwaterareusefulwhentherightvoltageofelectricityisavailable.Refusepolitelyanycolddrinkfromanunknownsource.Iceisonlyassafeasthewaterfromwhichitismade,andshouldnotbeputindrinksunlessitisknowntobesafe.Drinkcanbecooledbyplacingthemoniceratherthanaddingicetothem.Alcoholmaybeamedicaldisinfectant,butshouldnotbereliedupontosterilizewater.Ethanolismoreeffectiveataconcentrationof50-70percent;below20percent,itsbactericidalactionisnegligible.Spiritslabelled95proofcontainonlyabout47percentalcohol.Bewareofmethylatedalcohol,whichisverypoisonous,andshouldneverbeaddedtodrinkingwater.Ifnoothersafewatersupplycanbeobtained,tapwaterthatistoohottotouchcanbelefttocoolandisgenerallysafetodrink.Thoseplanningatriptoremoteareas,orintendingtoliveincountrieswheredrinkingwaterisnotreadilyavailable,shouldknowaboutthevariouspossiblemethodsformakingwatersafe.RICHARDDAWOODTravellers'Health【Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語】contaminationn.污染sanitationn.衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備sewagen.污水leakagen.泄漏intermittentadj.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的carbonatedadj.碳化的，碳酸的acidicadj.酸的，酸性的alcoholn.酒精disinfectantn.消毒劑sterilizev.消毒ethanoln.乙醇bactericidaladj.殺菌的negligibleadj.可以忽略的，微不足道的methylatedadj.加入甲醇的【課文注釋】1.bedueto因為,由于例句：Hissuccesswasduetohisindustryandthrift.他取得成功是由于他的勤儉。Mr.Blackbowedoutofpoliticsduetopoorhealth.布萊克先生由于健康不佳而退出政治生涯。2.Intermittentadj.間歇的,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的例句：Theysawtheintermittentflashesfromalighthouse.他們看見了燈塔發(fā)出一閃一滅的光。Therewasintermittentdebateabout.有過斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的辯論?！驹~形變化】adv.intermittentlyn.intermittence3.untreatedwater未經(jīng)處理的水4.keepto在本句意思為“局限于”①堅持例句：Keepingtoastrictdietisaquestionofmindovermatter.堅持某一規(guī)定飲食，是毅力能否戰(zhàn)勝物質(zhì)誘惑的問題。②遵守例句：InEnglandtrafficmustkeeptotheleft.在英國，車輛必須靠左行駛。Youhavetokeeptoyourpromise.你得遵守諾言。5.internationalstandards國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6.portableadj.輕便的,手提式的例句：Theportabledeviceeasilyknocksdown.這種輕便裝置容易拆卸。Thenewportablecomputersaregoinglikehotcakes.新的便攜式計算機賣得很快。7.voltagen.電壓8.Iceisonlyassafeasthewaterfromwhichitismade冰塊只是當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時才是安全的。9.sterilizevt.殺菌例句：Adentiststerilizeshisinstruments.牙科醫(yī)生給他的器具消毒。10.concentration濃度例句：Titaniumisusefulatlowconcentrationonly.鈦只在低濃度時起作用。11.bactericidalaction殺菌能力12.negligibleadj.可以忽略的,微不足道的例句：DetailsarenegligibleasfarasIknow.我認(rèn)為這些細(xì)節(jié)完全可以忽略。Hisknowledgeofgeographyisnegligible.他的地理知識少得可憐?！驹~義辨析】marginal,minor,negligible,minimal這些形容詞均含“不重要的、次要的”之意。marginal:指處于邊緣，幅度、范圍小，故價值或重要性不大。minor:多指與別的比較后顯得不重要，或指較少、較小。negligible:指數(shù)量小，不重要，微不足道或可忽略不計。minimal:指最少、最低或最小。13.spirits強度14.remoteareas偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)remoteadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的,偏僻的,遠(yuǎn)程的例句：Mailcomestothisremotevillageonlyonceaweek.郵車每周只到這個偏僻的村莊一次?！驹~義辨析】distant,far,remote這些形容詞都含有“遠(yuǎn)的”之意。distant:語意最強，強調(diào)距離。far:除特殊情況外，側(cè)重長距離。也可用作引申意義。remote:側(cè)重指偏離中心地帶。15.knowabout知道......情況，了解例句：Ihappenedtoknowabouthim.我正好了解一些他的情況。IfeelthatIknowaboutthevalueofmyownwork.我覺得我知道自己工作的價值?！緟⒖甲g文】水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)生條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時就不一定總是安全的了。斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。短途旅行到水質(zhì)不保險的地區(qū)時，應(yīng)避免飲用水龍頭的水或未經(jīng)處理任何其他來源的水。最好僅飲用開水，名牌瓶裝或罐裝水--裝瓶廠通常遵循國際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。碳酸飲料是酸性的，就更安全一些。確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。燒開一直是水處理的一種好辦法。有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開水，這些開水可用于飲用和刷牙。如果有相配的電壓，可以煮少量水的便攜式熱水裝置是有用的。應(yīng)謝絕任何不明來源的冷飲。冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全