2023年河南省開封市高考英語三模試卷

2023年河南省開封市高考英語三模試卷

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共30.0分)

A

ThePathwayandRiverCleanupisayearlyeventinvolvingthousandsofvolunteerswhogenerously

donatetheirtimetohelpcleanupCalgary.

The2022PathwayandRiverCleanupwilltakeplacefromSeptember9toSeptember11,2022.

VolunteerRegistration

TovolunteerforthePathwayandRiverCleanup,youmustbe：

*12yearsorolder.

*Accompaniedbyaparentorguardian(ifyou'rebetween12and17yearsold).

*Abletocommittothreehoursofcleanupononeofthethreeeventdays.

Youareencouragedtoregisterasagroup(minimum10people)withadesignatedleader.Ifyoudonot

haveagroup,youcanjoinateamledbyCalgaryParksstaff.

Volunteersmayrequestaspecificcleanuplocationatthetimeofregistration.Wewilldoourbesttosatisfy

specificlocationrequests.Ifyoudonothaveapreferredcleanuplocation,onewillbeassignedtoyou.

Remembertoregisteronline.Registrationinpersonisnotaccepted.

Groupleaders

Eachgroupmusthaveadesignatedleader.Newgroupleadersarerequiredtoattendaone-hour,online

orientationsession.Returninggroupleadersmustattendtheorientationsessioneverythreeyearsbutmust

completeyearlyonlinetraining.

Groupleaderswillberesponsiblefor：

*Conductingagroupmemberorientationsessionbeforeeventdaytoprovidesafetytraining.

.Ensuringthesafeandeffectivecleanupofthedesignatedcleanuparea.Riskswillbeminimizedasmuch

aspossible.However,volunteersmaycomeincontactwithrockyshorelines,shaipitemsandillegal

campsites.

IfyouhaveanyquestionsaboutvolunteeringforthePathwayandRiverCleanup,contact311.

1.Whatcanvolunteerschooseaccordingtotheirpreference?

A.Thewaytoregister.

B.Thecleanuplocations.

C.Therewardsfortheirefforts.

D.Thelengthoftheirvolunteeringtime.

2.Whatisrequiredofnewgroupleaders?

A.Organizingagroupofatmost10people.

B.JoiningateamledbyCalgaryParksstaff.

C.Takingpartinaone-houronlinetraining.

D.Workingwithreturninggroupleadersforayear.

3.Whichofthefollowingisadutyofgroupleaders?

A.Reportingillegalcampsitestostaff.

B.Givinggroupmemberssafetytraining.

C.Mappingrockyshorelinesaheadoftime.

D.CleaningupSharpenitemsatlocationsinadvance.

B

Throughoutmychildhood,Iconstantlydreamedofbeinganonlychild-havingnoonearoundtofightwith,

tosharewith,tograbtheremotecontrolawayfrommeinthemiddleofa"biggame."ButIhaveanelder

sister,whomIhavealwayscalled"Kicki,"insteadofherrealnameChristie,becauseIusedtohave

troublepronouncingthe"r"and"s”.

Istartedplayingbasketballinprimaryschool.Mydadwasthecoachofmyteam,andmymomkept

score.Somysister,notoldenoughtostayhomealone,wasforcedtocometoallmygames.Iremember

lookingtowardthestandsformymother'sapprovalandseeingmysister'sface,confused.ltwasobvious

thatshewasn'texcited,butshecheeredalongwiththecrowdanyway.

Onthecarridehome,myparentsandIwouldrelivethegame.Mysistersatinthebackseatwithmein

silence,notknowinghoworwhentoentertheconversation.Often,shewouldsay,"Goodgame,Brad.

“Iwouldsmileandthankherbutnevertookitseriously.Shecouldn*tpossiblyknowwhetherIhadplayed

wellornot.

Itwasn'tuntilIreachedhighschoolthatIrealizedhowpopularshewas,andIwasreferredtoas^Christie's

littlebrother.HIplayedbasketballinhighschool,andalthoughChristiewasn'tforcedtoattendmygames

anymore,shestillcametocheermeeveryweek.Inthelastgameofthelastseason,shecamewithalarge

groupoffriends.Printedonhershirt,inbigbrightredletters,werethewords"BRADSSISTER.M

SuddenlyIwasembarrassed,notforherpresence,butformypreviousattitudetoherpraise.

Kickileftforcollegeafterthatgame.Ifinallyhavetheremotecontrolalltomyself.However,watchingTV

alonehasturnedouttobeboring.Iwenttovisitheratcollegeduringaweekend,andasIstoodoutsideher

dorm,waitingforhertocomeout,afriendofherswhomIdidn*tknowwalkedpastmeandasked,"Hey,

aren'tyouChristie'sbrother?"Ismiledbroadlyandsaidproudly,"Yeah,Iam.I'mChristie'sbrother."

4.HowdidBradfeelaboutbeinganonlychildwhenhewasyoung?

A.Boring.B.Awesome.C.Tough.D.Awful.

5.WhydidChristiegotoBrad'sgameswhenhewasinprimaryschool?

A.ShehopedtoknowmoreaboutBrad.

B.Shewasinterestedinbasketballgames.

C.Shewastooyoungtobeleftaloneathome.

D.Shewantedtospendmoretimewithherfamily.

6.WhydidBradfeelembarrassedaccordingtothelastbutoneparagraph?

A.HetreatedChristie'spraiselightlybefore.

B.HeforgotChristie'spresenceathislastgame.

C.HesawthebigbrightredlettersonChristi'sshirt.

D.HereceivedunwantedattentionfromChristie'sfriends.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChristie?

A.ShewasproudofBrad.

B.Shedidn'tlikewatchingTV.

C.SheenjoyedBrad'scallingherKicki.

D.Sheseldomwenthomeduringcollege.

c

ResearchersfromTexasA&MUniversityhavedevelopedanewbioremediationtechnology（生物整治

技術(shù)）usingplant-basedmaterialandfungi（真菌）thatcouldcleanupper-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances.

Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstance,alsocalleduforeverchemicals'1orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,

andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjust

abouteverywhere,fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemand

maycauseliverdamage.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.

"PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,"said

SusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M,"Theymustberemovedanddestroyedtopreventhuman

exposureandnegativeimpactsontheecosystem.PFASaresostableandtheycanoccurinwaterinavery

lowconcentrationandyouhavetoconcentratethemandthendestroythem."

Theonlywaytoactuallygetridofthese"foreverchemicals'1isbyburningthem,whichisalongand

expensiveprocess.ButTexasA&Mresearchershavefoundanewwaytouseaplant-basedmaterialthat

adsorbsthepollutants.AsexplainedbyScienceDirect,adsorptionis"Theuseofsolidsforremoving

substancesfromeithergasorliquid."Theadsorbentmaterialisthenconsumedbymicrobialfungi.The

teamrecentlypublishedtheirfindingsfortheprocessframework,whichtheycallRAPIMER,inNature.

"Theplant'scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,"Daiexplained."Thenthis

materialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.Thenifsgone,andyoudon'thave

thedisposalproblem."

ThissustainablePFASciean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,leadingtoabetter

waytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ltcouldalsocomeinhandyasthe

U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds（閾值）toitswaterquality

standards.

8.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?

A.PFAS'sexistingforms.B.PFAS'sdoubtfulorigins.

C.PFAS*spotentialdangers.D.PFAS'swideapplications.

9.WhatdidSusieDaisayaboutPFAS?

A.Theyareunstable.

B.Theydegradeeasilyintheenvironment.

C.Theysurvivelongerinwaterthanintheair.

D.Theyarepoisonouseveninalowconcentration.

10.Whathappensaftertheplant-basedmaterialadsorbsthepollutants?

A.Thematerialgetseaten.

B.Thematerialbecomessolid.

C.Thematerialfallsintosmallpieces.

D.Thematerialgoesontoadsorbfungi.

11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheplant-basedmaterial?

A.Indifferent.B.Worried.C.Positive.D.Reserved.

D

Recently,abigchangequietlytookplaceinagriculture.Yetneitherdroughtnorfrostiseveraconcernfor

growersofplantscurrentlygrowninsidelargegreenhouses.Vegetablesareincreasinglybeinggrown

indoors,usinganadvancedformofgrowingcalledcontrolledenvironmentagriculture,amethodthathas

thepotentialtohelpfeedtheplanet,evenwhileitthreatenstofurtherwarmit.

Controlledenvironmentagriculturehasmanyadvantages.Cropsarenotsubjecttounexpectedextreme

weather.Furthermore,thesegreenhousescanproducemorefoodwithfewerpesticidesandlesswater.With

computer-controlledtemperaturesandnutrients,theplantsgrowwithlesswaterandproducemuchhigher

yields.Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distance

transportation.

Thecarbonfootprintofanygivengreenhousetomatocanvaryquiteabitdependingonenergysources,

surroundingtemperaturesandnaturallight.Butvariousstudieshaveestimatedthat,onaverage,the

productionofapoundoftomatoesinanAmericanornorthernEuropeangreenhousereleases3to3.5

poundsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Thatisabout6timesthecarbonfootprintofafieldtomato,even

takingintoaccounttheemissionsfromrefrigeratedtrucksthatoftentransportfieldvegetableshundredsor

eventhousandsofmilestoreachconsumers.Greenhouses,bycontrast,canbebuiltnearmajorpopulation

centers.

Nevertheless,inarapidlywarmingworld,shouldwebeincreasingagriculture'scontributionbymoving

someofitindoors?"Wehavelittlechoice,nsayadvocates."Withtheglobalpopulationexpectedto

growby25percenttonearly10billionpeopleby2050,foodproductionwillneedtoincreaseby60

percentto100percent.Withfreshwatersuppliesandlandsuitableforfarmingdecreasing,anddroughts

gettingworseduetoclimatechange,wherewillthisadditionalfoodcomefrom?”

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"abigchange"inparagraph1referto?

A.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.

B.Thethreatensofwarmingtheplanet.

C.Thewaytodealwithnaturaldisasters.

D.Thetendencytogrowvegetablesindoors.

13.Whatdoescontrolledenvironmentagriculturemainlyfocuson?

A.Makingcropstastegood.

B.Plantingcropswithlesswater.

C.Growingcropsinextremeweather.

D.Transportingcropsfromalongdistance.

14.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericangreenhousetomatoes?

A.Theyarenothigh-yieldingcrops.

B.Theyarenotreallyenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Theyaregrownfarfrompopulationcenters.

D.TheyaremainlyexportedtonorthernEurope.

15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheadvocatesagreewith?

A.Greenhouseplantingisanecessarytemporizingmeasure.

B.Greenhouseplantingistailoredforsmall-populationnations.

C.Greenhouseplantingcanhelpspreadtheideaofhealthyeating.

D.Greenhouseplantingshouldbestoppedfromwarmingtheworld.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10?0分)

Criticismhurtsevenwhenit'sconstructive.(1)Doyoupretendyoudidn'thearordoyouargue

backtodefendyourself?Infact,thereareactuallyotherwaysofhandlingcriticism!Thenexttime

someonegivesyoufeedback,trydoingthefollowingthingsinstead.

Don'treactimmediately.

Gettingangrycanhappenreallyfast.Sometimesallittakesisamisplacedwordorthewrongone.Whileit's

normaltofeelthisway,trytocooloffandstaycalm.(2)AfteralUyoudon'twanttosay

somethingyou'llendupregrettinglater!

Assessthecriticism.

Sometimesthebestthingtodoistotakeaquickstepbackandassessthecriticism：whosaiditandwhy?

(3)Oraretheyjusttryingtobemean?Takingastepbackallowsyoutodetermineifperhaps

thecriticismhassomerealvalue,youhadn'tseenbeforeorifit'sbettertojustbrushoffthecomment.

Don'ttakeitpersonally.

Rememberthatsometimespeopledothingsnottoattackyoupersonally,buttoventangeror

frustration.Socalmdownandbeasunderstandingasyoucan.(4)Meanwhile,lettheotherperson

knowthattheircriticismwasuncalledfor.

(5)______

Ifthecriticismdoesactuallyhavesometruthtoit,thenthebestthingtodoisfigureouthowyoucanuse

ittoimprove.Getstraighttothepointandaskthepersonwhichpartofyourworkthey'dimproveand

how.Thatwayyounotonlyshowyouareinterestedindoingthingsbetter,butyouarealsoinvolvingthe

personwhocriticizedyou.

A.Sohowdoyoureact?

B.Useittoyouradvantage.

C.Polishyourworkcarefully.

D.Howaboutnegativefeedbackcatchingusbysurprise?

E.Giveyourselfsometimetoprocesswhatyou'veheardbeforereacting.

F.Aretheytryingtohelpyou,butdidnotcommunicatetheirpointofviewnicely?

G.Choosingtotaketherightpathisdoingyourselfafavorandnotgettingangry.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

Manyofusareluckyenoughtohavesomedegreesofchoiceoverwhatweeat.Whenweopenthefridgeor

browsetheshelvesofthelocalsupermarket,thereareavarietyofoptions(1)tous.Butarethe

(2)wemakeaboutourdietasfreeasweliketothink?Whatiftherewassomething(3)

ourownhungerinfluencingwhatweeat?

Certainly,itappearswe*re(4)influencedbyotherpeople-especiallythose(5)tous

—whenitcomestowhatweeat.Researchhasfoundthatthecloserandstrongertwopeople's(6)

,themore(7)heyhaveovereachother'sfoodchoices."Alotofourcuesfrom

face-to-faceinteractionsarelinkedwithwhowe'rewith,"saysSolveigArgeseanu,associateprofessorof

globalhealthandepidemiologyatEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,US."It'smoreaboutthe

relationshipandhow(8)myselfwiththatpersonthanotherindividuals.IfIthinkthepersonFm

withismore(9)orpopular,I'lltendtowantto(10)themmore."

Oureatinghabitsarealsoinfluencedbywhatwesee.Scientistssaywe(11)oozing(滲出)

protein,adribblingeggyolk,orbubblingmozzarella(馬蘇里拉奶酪),forexample.nThereissome

evidencethat,ifyouseepicturesoffood,thatvisual(12)canpromptyoutofeeladesiretoeat,

“saysSuzanneHiggs,professorinthepsychobiologyofappetiteattheUniversityofBirmingham,

UK.Although,shesays,whetherpeople(13)throughonthatdesireisinfluencedbylotsof

other(14),suchaswhatfoodisavailableatthetime.

Socialmediaisoneplacewherevisualandsocialcues(15).Undoubtedlythereis(a/an)(16)

thatiffriendsinyoursocialnetworkpost(17)aboutparticulartypesoffood,itcould

leadyouto(18)them,forbetterorforworse.Andresearch(19)thatsocialmediamight

bechangingourrelationshipwithfood,(20)usthinkdifferentlyaboutwhatweeat.

21.A.virtualB.generousC.availableD.critical

22.A.mistakesB.decisionsC.effortsD.friends

23.A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherthan

24.A.slightlyB.hugelyC.originallyD.freshly

25.A.farthestB.largestC.longestD.closest

26.A.comfortB.commitmentC.connectionD.comment

27.A.impactB.fightC.quarrelD.track

28.A.escapeB.forceC.compareD.detect

29.A.casualB.attractiveC.naturalD.special

30.A.monitorB.fixC.guideD.imitate

31.A.favorB.hateC.envyD.object

32.A.innovationB.stimulationC.accumulationD.generation

33.A.breakB.followC.lookD.drive

34.A.factorsB.changesC.chancesD.orders

35.A.realizeB.predictC.meetD.understand

36.A.tendencyB.factC.experienceD.evidence

37.A.randomlyB.exactlyC.virtuallyD.regularly

38.A.copyB.shareC.challengeD.describe

39.A.inspiresB.describesC.indicatesD.limits

40.A.forcingB.helpingC.believingD.making

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.It'seasytogetoverwhelmedwhenyouhavealotonyourplate.Betweenwork(1)

(responsibility)andpersonalobligations,lifecangetstressful.It*seven(2)(stress)

whenyouforgetsomethingimportant.Bycreatingorganizedto-dolists,youcanprioritizethethings

youneedtodo,keeptrackof(3)stillneedstobecompleted,andfeelproductiveand

preparedinallareasofyourlife.

Listallofthetasksthatyouneed(4)(accomplish).Thesecanrangefrom"finishthe

presentationforworknextweek"(5)MfindapresentforMom'sbirthdaynextmonth".Then

sortyourmasterlistintocategories.Bycreatingseparatelists,youcan(6)(complete)

focusyourattentionandenergyononesetoftasksat(7)time.Next,makeyourlist

aesthetically-pleasing(賞心悅目的).Thismaysoundsuperficialand(8)(necessary),

butitreallycanhelpchangethewayyoulookatyourto-olist.

Makeyourto-dolistsforthecurrentdayonly.Keepitsimple!Thiswillhelpyouorganizeyourtasks

inorderofpriority,andyouwon'tfeeloverwhelmedwhile(9)(look)aheadattasksfor

tomorrow,nextweek,ornextmonth.Berealisticaboutwhatcan(10)(finish)in24

hours.Yourdailyto-dolistsshouldhavelessthantenthings,andmaybeevenlessthanfive.

(I)

⑵

⑶

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共

有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

(1)每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

(2)只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

I'mmorethanwillingtotellyouanythingaboutmyhometown.IliveinPingyao,acountyinShanxi

Province,whatattractsalargenumberoftouristsfromallovertheworldineveryyear.Theancient

cityofPingyaohasdescribedasanexceptionalwell-preservedexampleofatraditionalChinese

historicalandculturalcity.Itswell-preservedcitywallsareoneofthecity'smostimpressivestructure.

Ihopeyoucancomehereoneday.Thenyoucanwalkaroundacity,tastethelocalfood,orlearn

aboutitshistoryandculture.I'msureyouwillbeimpressingbyitandenjoymyself.

六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

43.4月3號至7號，你校舉辦了一場書籍義賣活動。假設(shè)你是校英文報(bào)的一名記者，請你

以"ACharityBookFair"為題，寫一篇新聞報(bào)道。內(nèi)容包括：

(1)活動的目的；

(2)活動的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容；

(3)活動的反響。

注意：

(1)詞數(shù)100左右；

(2)可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

(3)題目已為你擬好。

ACharityBookFair

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VolunteerRegistration中的倒數(shù)第二段Volunteersmayrequesta

specificcleanuplocationatthetimeofregistration.Wewilldoourbesttosatisfyspecificlocationrequests.

（志愿者可以在注冊時(shí)要求一個(gè)特定的清理地點(diǎn)，我們將盡力滿足特定地點(diǎn)的要求。）可知，志

愿者可以根據(jù)自己的喜好來選擇清理地點(diǎn).故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Groupleaders中的第一段Newgroupleadersarerequiredtoattendaone-hour,

onlineorientationsession.（新的小組領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要參加一個(gè)小時(shí)的在線培訓(xùn)。）可知，新的小組領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

被要求參加一小時(shí)的線上培訓(xùn)。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Groupleaders中的Groupleaderswillberesponsiblefor：（小組領(lǐng)導(dǎo)將負(fù)

責(zé)：）的第一條

Conductingagroupmemberorientationsessionbeforeeventdaytoprovidesafetytraining.（在活動開

始前，為小組成員提供安全培訓(xùn)。）可知，給小組成員進(jìn)行安全培訓(xùn)是小組領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)職責(zé)。

A.Reportingillegalcampsitestostaff.向員工舉報(bào)非法露營地；

B.Givinggroupmemberssafetytraining.對小組成員進(jìn)行安全培訓(xùn)I；

C.Mappingrockyshorelinesaheadoftime.提前繪制巖石海岸線；

D.CleaningupSharpenitemsatlocationsinadvance.提前清理現(xiàn)場的鋒利物品。故選B。

本文是篇應(yīng)用文?！暗缆泛秃恿髑謇怼笔且豁?xiàng)一年一度的活動，成千上萬的志愿者慷慨地貢獻(xiàn)自己

的時(shí)間來幫助清理卡爾加里，文章介紹了注冊成為2022年清理活動志愿者和小組領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的條件和要

求。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在

十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順

序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對

文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。

其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息

進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，

研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖

掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，

掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因

果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

4~7.【答案】B、C、A、A

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段中Throughoutmychildhood,Iconstantlydreamedofbeing

anonlychild-havingnoonearoundtofightwith,tosharewith,tograbtheremotecontrolawayfromme

inthemiddleofa”biggame."（在我的童年時(shí)代，我一直夢想著成為獨(dú)生子，身邊沒有人與我打架，

沒有人分享我的東西，也沒有人在“大型游戲"中搶走我遙控器）可知，作者小時(shí)候覺得做一個(gè)獨(dú)

生子好極了。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Istartedplayingbasketballinprimaryschool.Mydadwasthecoachof

myteam,andmymomkeptscore.Somysister,notoldenoughtostayhomealone,wasforcedtocome

toallmygames.（我在小學(xué)的時(shí)候開始打籃球。我爸爸是我球隊(duì)的教練，我媽媽負(fù)責(zé)計(jì)分。所以

我的姐姐被迫來參加我所有的比賽，因?yàn)樗€不夠大，不能獨(dú)自呆在家里）可知，姐姐來看我的

比賽是因?yàn)樘∵€不能自己留在家里。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中Often,shewouldsay,"Goodgame,Brad."Iwouldsmileand

thankherbutnevertookitseriously.Shecouldn'tpossiblyknowwhetherIhadplayedwellornot.（她經(jīng)

常會說：”打得好，Brad。"我會微笑著感謝她，但從來沒有認(rèn)真對待它。她不可能知道我打得好

不好。）以及倒數(shù)第二段中SuddenlyIwasembarrassed,notforherpresence,bulformyprevious

attitudetoherpraise.（突然,我非常尷尬，不是因?yàn)樗某霈F(xiàn)，而是因?yàn)槲抑皩λ谋頁P(yáng)的態(tài)度。）

可知，作者感到尷尬是因?yàn)橹皩τ诮憬愕馁潛P(yáng)沒有認(rèn)真對待。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Printedonhershirt,inbigbrightredletters,werethewords

"BRAD'SSISTER.（她的襯衫上印著亮紅色的大字，上面寫著"BRAD的姐姐”）可知，Christie為

BRAD感到驕傲。故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者對于有個(gè)姐姐，從小到大態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~1L【答案】C、D、A、C

【解析】（1）段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstance,

alsocalled"foreverchemicals"orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,

andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjust

abouteverywhere,

fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemandmaycauseliverdam

age.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.（全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)，也被稱

為“永久化學(xué)品”或PFAS,存在于土壤、水，甚至人類和動物的血液中，可能對人類和其他物種有

害。它們幾乎無處不在，從食品包裝到衣服。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能會影響免疫系統(tǒng)，并可能導(dǎo)致肝

臟損傷。過高的PFAS暴露也可能與癌癥有關(guān)。）可知，第二段主要講述的是PEAS潛在的危險(xiǎn)。

A.PFAS'sexistingforms.PFAS的現(xiàn)有形式：B.PFAS'sdoubtfulorigins.PFAS的可疑來源；

C.PFAS'spotentialdangers.PFAS的潛在危險(xiǎn)；D.PFAS'swideapplications.PFAS的廣泛應(yīng)用。故

選Co

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段

"PFASdonotdegradeeasilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,

"saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.（德州農(nóng)工大學(xué)副教授蘇西?戴說："PFAS在

環(huán)境中不易降解，即使?jié)舛群艿鸵灿卸??！保┛芍?，根?jù)蘇西認(rèn)為，PEAS即便濃度很低也會有毒。

故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段

"Theplant'scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,

"Daiexplained."Thenthismaterialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.The

nit'sgone,andyoudon'thavethedisposalproblem."（戴解釋說："植物的細(xì)胞壁材料可以作為吸附

PFAS的框架。然后這種材料和吸附的化學(xué)物質(zhì)就成了微生物真菌的食物。然后它就消失了，你就

沒有處理問題了。"）可知，這種植物性物質(zhì)在吸附了PFAS后，這種材料和所吸附的化學(xué)物質(zhì)就

淪落為微生物真菌的食物，也就是被吃掉了。故選A。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段

ThissustainablePFASclean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,

leadingtoabetterwaytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ltcouldalsocomeinh

andyastheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds（|閾

值）toitswaterqualitystandards.（這種可持續(xù)的PFAS清理系統(tǒng)可以大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)用于商業(yè)用途，

從而為從環(huán)境中去除這些化學(xué)污染物提供更好的方法。當(dāng)美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署考慮為其水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)定

PFAS閾值時(shí)，它也會派上用場。）可知，作者對于這種植物性材料的前景抱有積極的態(tài)度。

A.Indifferent.不在乎的；B.Worried.擔(dān)心的;C.Positive.積極的;D.Reserved.保留的。故選C。

本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),科研人員開發(fā)了一種新的生物整治技術(shù)，

該技術(shù)使用植物性材料和真菌，可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物質(zhì)。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在

十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順

序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對

文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。

其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息

進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，

研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖

掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，

掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因

果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

12?15.【答案】D、A、B、A

【解析】（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文

Yetneitherdroughtnorfrostiseveraconcernforgrowersofplantscurrentlygrowninsidelargegreenh

ouses.Vegetablesareincreasinglybeinggrownindoors,

usinganadvancedformofgrowingcalledcontrolledenvironmentagriculture,

amethodthathasthepotentialtohelpfeedtheplanet,evenwhileitthreatenstofurtherwarmit.（然而，

對于目前在大型溫室里種植的植物的種植者來說，干旱和霜凍從來都不是問題。越來越多的人在

室內(nèi)種植蔬菜，使用一種被稱為控制環(huán)境農(nóng)業(yè)的先進(jìn)種植方式，這種方法有可能幫助養(yǎng)活地球，

盡管它可能會進(jìn)一步使地球變暖。）可知，作者所謂的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生了重大變化，指的是越來越多的

人在室內(nèi)種植蔬菜。A.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.人口的迅速增長；

B.Thethreatensofwarmingtheplanet.全球變暖的威脅；C.Thewaytodealwithnaturaldisasters.

應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害的方法；D.Thetendencytogrowvegetablesindoors.在室內(nèi)種植蔬菜的趨勢。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,

insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distancetransportation.（最重要