湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5.B.￡19.18.C.￡19.15.答案是C。1.WhatdidSarahintendtobuyyesterday?A.BabyfoodB.Fruit.C.Clothes.2.Whenwillthebustothecentregardenarrive?A.In20minutes.B.In15minutes.C.In5minutes.3.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inamuseum.C.Inthecitysquare.4.Whywasthemanlate?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Hewaswaitingforsomeone.C.Themotorwaywasshutdown5.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A.Hefeelsveryupset.B.Hedoesn’treallymind.C.Heisabitannoyed.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcanclubmembersdo?A.MakesomefilmsB.Haveafreecitytour.C.Writesomenovels.7.Whatshouldthemanpayforbesidesthemembershipfee?ATheclubuniform.B.Thesocialparties.C.Aspecialcertificate.聽(tīng)第7段材料.回答第8至10題。8.Whenshouldthewomanfinishherbookreview?A.BynextMondayB.BynextFriday.C.BythisSunday.9.Whydidthewomanfallbehindwithherwritingclass?A.BecauseshereadlotsofnovelsB.Becauseshewasbusywithperformances.C.Becauseshewasillforaweek10.Howistheman’scollegelife?A.ColorfulB.Boring.C.Busy.聽(tīng)第8段材料.回答第11至13題。11.WhydoesSophierefusetouseherrealphotoonsocialmedia?A.Becausesheconcernsalotaboutprivacy(隱私).B.Becausesheisn’tconfidentaboutherappearance.C.Becauseshewantstobeknownforherwords.12.WhatwasSophie’scellphoneonlyusedtodoatfirst?A.PlaygamesB.Makeandreceivecalls.C.Drawpictures.13.WhatwillSophiedothisafternoon?A.GotoRobinson’slecture.B.Downloadsomenewapps.C.Changeherpicture.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidSarahstartcollege?A.Ayearago.B.Threemonthsago.C.Aweekago.15.WhydoesRickywanttomove?A.Hewantstomakefriendsofhisage.B.Hewantstoliveclosertothecollege.C.Hedoesn’tgetalongwiththehostfamily.16.WhatwillRickyprobablydonext?A.VisitateacherB.Hangoutwithfriends.C.GiveJohnaphonecall.17.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Goodfriends.B.Schoolmates.C.Roommates.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whathappenedtothenorthofthecity?A.Drought.B.Flood.C.Earthquake,19WhenwillchemicalsbeusedintheCreekCanyonneighborhood?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Atnight.20.Whoshouldgotothefloodreliefclinic?A.Theelderlyandthehabies.B.Thosewithemotionalproblems.C.Thosewhogetinjuredinfloodwater.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分.滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHereisalistoffourupcomingbookfestivals.Registrationiseitherjustopeningorhasn’tquiteopenedupyetandnotallofthefestivalshavefinalizedtheirattendeelists,butit’snevertooearlytoplanwhichonesyou’dliketoattend!THEIMAGINARIUMBOOKFESTIVALWashingtonD.C.TheImaginariumBookFestivalcelebratesallthingsfantasy.sciencefiction,paranormal(超自然的)andfantastical.Inadditiontoalecturewhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthors.BOOKBONANZAGrapevine,TexasBookBonanza,startedbyColleenHooverandhersisters,isacelebrationofbooks.Itattractsahugelistofincredibleauthorattendees.WhatmakesBookBonanzastandoutisitscharitablefocus.Alltheincomesaredonatedtocharitablecauses.NORTHTEXASTEENBOOKFESTIVALIrving,TexasTheNorthTexasTeenBookFestivalbringsauthorsandreaderstogethertocelebrateteenliteratureandinspirelifelongreaders.Theyhavenotannouncedtheirauthorattendeesyet,sincethedeadlineforsubmissionoftheauthorshasnotyetarrived.SAVANNAHBOOKFESTIVALSavannah,GeorgiaTheSavannahBookFestivalhostsnational,regional,andlocalauthorsforauthorpresentationsandbooksigningsatsevenplacesacrossthreehistoricsquaresindowntownSavannah.Buttheauthorlineuphasnotbeenshownyet.1.WhatcanpeopledoattheImaginariumBookFestival?A.Buybookssignedbyhosts. B.Givealectureaboutwritingnovels.C.Watchsciencefictionmovies. D.Askauthorssomequestions.2.WhatisspecialaboutBookBonanza?A.It’scelebratedbymanydirectors B.Itinvitesfewfamousauthors.C.Itfocusesoncharitywork. D.Itwasfoundedbytwosisters.3.Whatdothelasttwobookfestivalshaveincommon?A.Theyhaven’tpublishedthelistofauthors. B.Theyhaven’tdecidedontheplaceyet.C.Theyprovidethebooksigningservice D.Theycelebratetheyouthliterature.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)即將到來(lái)的書(shū)展?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章THEIMAGINARIUMBOOKFESTIVALWashingtonD.C.部分的“Inadditiontoalecturewhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthors.(除了講座，作者會(huì)回答你的問(wèn)題，你還可以見(jiàn)到并獲得你最喜歡的作家的簽名書(shū)。)”可知，在ImaginariumBookFestival這個(gè)書(shū)展上人們可以問(wèn)問(wèn)題。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BOOKBONANZAGrapevine,Texas部分的“WhatmakesBookBonanzastandoutisitscharitablefocus.Alltheincomesaredonatedtocharitablecauses.(BookBonanza的突出之處在于它的慈善重點(diǎn)。所有收入都捐贈(zèng)給慈善事業(yè)。)”可知，BookBonanza的特別之處在于它專注于慈善工作。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NORTHTEXASTEENBOOKFESTIVALIrving,Texas部分的“Theyhavenotannouncedtheirauthorattendeesyet,sincethedeadlineforsubmissionoftheauthorshasnotyetarrived.(他們還沒(méi)有宣布他們的作者參加者，因?yàn)樽髡咛峤坏慕刂谷掌谶€沒(méi)有到。)”和最后一段“Buttheauthorlineuphasnotbeenshownyet.(但作者名單尚未公布。)”可知，最后兩個(gè)書(shū)展的共同之處在于它們沒(méi)有公布作者名單。故選A。BMartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.Focusingonglobalmanagement,hewassupermotivated(激勵(lì))todevelophiscareeraboutsustainabledevelopment.KocherissettograduateinMaywithamajorininternationalbusiness,expressinghisgratitudetotheuniversityfortraininghisinternationalambitions.Afterhecompletedtheinternship(實(shí)習(xí))inAustralia,hetraveledtoasmallislandofLomboknearBali,Indonesia.AteacheratthelocalschooltoldKocherthattheEnglishlanguagecanempowerstudentsandallowthemtobridgetheculturalgapwithpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld,buttheschoollackedtheresources.Asaresult.whenKocherreturnedtoU’W-EauClaire,hefoundedLanguage4LomboktoconnectEnglishlanguageresourcesfromChippewaValleyresidentswiththeIndonesianisland.BooksfromcommunitybookdrivesareshippedabroadtohelpchildrenlearnEnglish.Hisnon-profitworkisnothiswholelife.Heisalsoacompetitivediver,part-timerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.Dr.KaishanKong,aprofessorofKochersaidheisarealjackofalltrades,andwasimpressedwithhisabilitytoconnectdifferentlanguageswhilemaintaininganincredibleenthusiasmforlearningthem.Havingbenefitedalotfromhisownexperiences,Kocherencouragesotherstotravelandventureinternationally,callingit“oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanmakeinyourself.”4.WhydidKochertraveltomanyplaceswhenincollege?A.Toenrichhiseducationalexperience.B.Toknowmoreaboutglobalbusinesssituation.C.Toexploredifferenttouristattractions.D.Topreparehisfutureworkinaglobalenvironment.5.WhatmotivatedKochertocreateLanguage4Lombok?A.ThelackofEnglishresourcesinLombok. B.Theimportanceofcommunication.C.Theknowledgegainedinhisinternship. D.Hisexperienceoffoundingorganizations.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“arealjackofalltrades”inParagraph4referto?A.Apersonwhohasagiftforlanguages. B.Apersonowninggreatpassion.C.Apersonwhoisgoodatalotoffields. D.Apersonfocusingonthecharity.7.Whatdoesthetextconvey?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Everythingcomestothosewhoprepare.C.It’snevertoooldtolearn. D.Curiousmindsneverfeelsatisfied.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。MartinKocher畢業(yè)于威斯康星大學(xué)，他到很多地方去旅行，為自己的全球職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備，并成為了一個(gè)對(duì)多領(lǐng)域有所擅長(zhǎng)的人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.(MartinKocher是威斯康星大學(xué)EauClaire分校的國(guó)際商務(wù)學(xué)生，他一直對(duì)探索不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)感興趣，為全球職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備。)”可知，Kocher在大學(xué)時(shí)去了很多地方的原因是為他未來(lái)的全球職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備，故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AteacheratthelocalschooltoldKocherthattheEnglishlanguagecanempowerstudentsandallowthemtobridgetheculturalgapwithpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld,buttheschoollackedtheresources.(當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的一位老師告訴Kocher，英語(yǔ)可以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的能力，使他們能夠彌合與世界其他地區(qū)的文化差距，但學(xué)校缺乏資源。)”以及第三段“Asaresult.whenKocherreturnedtoU’W-EauClaire,hefoundedLanguage4LomboktoconnectEnglishlanguageresourcesfromChippewaValleyresidentswiththeIndonesianisland.(因此當(dāng)Kocher回到U'W-EauClaire時(shí)，他創(chuàng)立了Language4Lombok，將齊帕瓦谷技術(shù)學(xué)院的英語(yǔ)資源與印尼島聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)”可知，是龍目島英語(yǔ)資源匱乏激發(fā)了Kocher創(chuàng)立Language4Lombok，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Heisalsoacompetitivediver,part-timerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.(他還是一名有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的潛水員、兼職房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人、熱情的攝影師和作家。)”可知，它是一個(gè)對(duì)多領(lǐng)域有所擅長(zhǎng)的人，可推理出劃線詞指代的含義是“擅長(zhǎng)很多領(lǐng)域的人”，故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.(MartinKocher是威斯康星大學(xué)EauClaire分校的國(guó)際商務(wù)學(xué)生，他一直對(duì)探索不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)感興趣，為全球職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備。)”、第二段“Afterhecompletedtheinternship(實(shí)習(xí))inAustralia,hetraveledtoasmallislandofLomboknearBali,Indonesia.(在澳大利亞完成實(shí)習(xí)后，他去了印度尼西亞巴厘島附近的一個(gè)叫龍目島的小島。)”、以及第四段“Heisalsoacompetitivediver,part-timerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.(他還是一名有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的潛水員、兼職房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人、熱情的攝影師和作家。)”可知，本文講述了MartinKocher到很多地方去旅行，為自己的全球職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備，并成為了一個(gè)對(duì)多領(lǐng)域有所擅長(zhǎng)的人，可推理出本文要表達(dá)的是“成功留給有所準(zhǔn)備的人”，故選B項(xiàng)。CTakinggoodcareofyourteethmaybelinkedtobetterbrainhealth,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJuly5,2023,onlineissueofNeurology.“Ourstudyfoundthatgum(牙齦)diseaseandtoothlosswerelinkedtobrainshrinkage(萎縮)inthehippocampus(海馬體),whichplaysaroleinmemoryandAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidstudyauthorSatoshiYamaguchi,Ph.D.ofTohokuUniversityinSendai,Japan.Thestudyinvolved172peoplewithoutmemoryproblems.Theiraverageagewas67.Participantshaddentalexamsandtookmemorytestsatthebeginningofthestudy.Theyalsohadbrainscanstomeasurethevolumeoftheirhippocampusatthebeginningofthestudy.Thiswasmeasuredagainfouryearslater.Foreachparticipant,researcherscountedthenumberofteethandcheckedfortheamountofgumdisease.Researchersfoundthatthenumberofteethandamountofgumdiseasewaslinkedtochangesinthelefthippocampusofthebrain.Forpeoplewithmildgumdisease,havingfewerteethwasassociatedwithafasterrateofbrainshrinkage,whichisthesameforpeoplewithseveregumdiseasehavingmoreteeth.Afteradjustingforage,researchersfoundthatforpeoplewithmildgumdisease,theincreaseintherateofbrainshrinkageduetoonelesstoothwasequaltonearlyoneyearofbrainaging.Bycontrast,forpeoplewithseveregumdiseasetheincreaseinbrainshrinkageduetoonemoretoothwasequalto1.3yearsofbrainaging.“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth,”Yamaguchisaid.“Thefindingssuggestthatcontrollingtheprogressionofgumdiseasethroughregulardentalvisitsisimportant,andthatteethwithseveregumdiseasemayneedtoberemovedandreplacedwithappropnatefalseones.”Yamaguchisaidfuturestudiesareneededwithlargergroupsofpeople.ThelimitationofthestudyisthatitwasconductedinoneregionofJapan,sotheresultsmaynotbeappliedtootherlocations.8.WhatisYamaguchi’sstudymainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofthehippocampus.B.Waysoftakinggoodcareofone’steethC.TheharmandcausesofbrainshrinkageD.Theconnectionbetweendentalhealthandthebrain9.Howdidresearchersconductthestudy?A.Bycollectingandcomparingdata. B.ByreferringtopreviousstudiesC.Byconductingachemicalexperiment D.Bydoingresearchintodentists10.Whatdotheresearchfindingsindicate?A.GumdiseaseisincreasingamongpeopleB.Keepingteethhealthyisofgreatimportance.C.RemovingnaturalteethisbadfordentalhealthD.Doingaroutinedentalcheckupcanavoidgumdisease.11.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Atextbook.C.Anewspaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。根據(jù)發(fā)表在2023年7月5日《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》在線期刊上的一項(xiàng)研究，好好照顧你的牙齒可能與更好的大腦健康有關(guān)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourstudyfoundthatgum(牙齦)diseaseandtoothlosswerelinkedtobrainshrinkage(萎縮)inthehippocampus(海馬體),whichplaysaroleinmemoryandAlzheimer’sdisease(我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，牙齦疾病和牙齒脫落與海馬體的大腦萎縮有關(guān)，海馬體在記憶和阿爾茨海默病中起著重要作用)”可知，Yamaguchi的研究主要是關(guān)于牙齒健康與大腦之間的聯(lián)系，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyinvolved172peoplewithoutmemoryproblems.Theiraverageagewas67.Participantshaddentalexamsandtookmemorytestsatthebeginningofthestudy.Theyalsohadbrainscanstomeasurethevolumeoftheirhippocampusatthebeginningofthestudy.Thiswasmeasuredagainfouryearslater.Foreachparticipant,researcherscountedthenumberofteethandcheckedfortheamountofgumdisease.(這項(xiàng)研究涉及172名沒(méi)有記憶問(wèn)題的人。他們的平均年齡是67歲。參與者在研究開(kāi)始時(shí)進(jìn)行了牙科檢查和記憶力測(cè)試。在研究開(kāi)始時(shí)，他們還進(jìn)行了腦部掃描，以測(cè)量海馬體的體積。四年后再次測(cè)量。研究人員統(tǒng)計(jì)了每個(gè)參與者的牙齒數(shù)量，并檢查了牙齦疾病的數(shù)量)”可知，研究人員通過(guò)收集并對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)的方式開(kāi)展研究，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth(這些結(jié)果突出了保護(hù)牙齒健康的重要性，而不僅僅是維護(hù)牙齒)”可知，研究結(jié)果表明保持牙齒健康非常重要，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Takinggoodcareofyourteethmaybelinkedtobetterbrainhealth,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJuly5,2023,onlineissueofNeurology(根據(jù)發(fā)表在2023年7月5日《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》在線期刊上的一項(xiàng)研究，好好照顧你的牙齒可能與更好的大腦健康有關(guān)。)”、第三段“Researchersfoundthatthenumberofteethandamountofgumdiseasewaslinkedtochangesinthelefthippocampusofthebrain.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，牙齒的數(shù)量和牙齦疾病的程度與大腦左側(cè)海馬體的變化有關(guān))”以及第四段“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth(這些結(jié)果突出了保護(hù)牙齒健康的重要性，而不僅僅是維護(hù)牙齒)”可知，本文對(duì)一項(xiàng)研究成果進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，符合新聞報(bào)道的體裁特征，所以本文最后可能取自報(bào)紙，故選C項(xiàng)。DScientistshavealreadyappliedrobotslikeRoombatoworkintheagriculture(農(nóng)業(yè)).ARoombaworksbecauseithaswheelsthatfunctionwellonflatground.However,fieldsarefullofroughandrockyenvironments,whichmeansitisdifficultforrobotstoworkinthefields.Luckily,scientiststhoughtofcentipedes(蜈蚣).Withtenstohundredsoflegs,theycanmoveonanyplaceswithoutstopping.Iftheystopmovingtheirbodypartsandfeet,theybasicallystopmovinginstantly.AteamledbyChongdevelopedatheorythatproposesthataddinglegpairstotherobotincreasesitsabilitytomovefirmlyoverchallengingenvironments.Totestthis,JuntaoconductedaseriesofexperimentswhereheandDanielSotobuiltmodelstosimulate(模擬)differentnaturalenvironments.Hethentestedtherobotbyincreasingitsnumberoflegsbytwoeachtime,startingwithsixandfinallyincreasingto16.Asthelegcountincreased,therobotcouldmoreeasilymoveacrossthesurfaces,evenwithoutsensors.Finally,theytestedtherobotoutdoorsonrealenvironments,whereitwasabletomoveinavarietyofenvironments.Theresearchersareapplyingtheirdiscoveriestofarming.Goldmanhasco-foundedacompanythatwantstousetheserobotstoweed(除草)farmlandwhereweedkillersareineffective.“It’strulyimpressivetoseethemultileggedroboteasilymovesonbothlab-basedandoutdoorenvironments,”Juntaosaid.“Nowwearedecidingthemostsuitablenumberoflegstoachievemotion.Inthefuture,wehopetoapplythemforspaceexploration,andevensearchandrescue.”12.WhatcanwelearnaboutRoomba?A.Itcanmoveonanyplaceswithoutstopping.B.Itcannotworkwellintheroughfarmlands.C.Itwasnewlyinventedandstillinitsearlyage.D.Itwasinspiredwhenscientistssawcentipedes13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemultileggedrobot?A.Unpractical. B.Amusing. C.Ineffective. D.Promising.14.Whatcanweexpectofthemultileggedrobotinthefuture?A.Itwillreachconsumerssoon. B.Itwillincreasefarmproduction.C.Itwillbeusedinmanyotherfields. D.Itwilltaketheplaceofweedkillers.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CentipedesInspireMultileggedRobots’InventionB.ScientistsGetaHugeStepinStudyingCentipedesC.ScientistsSolvedChallengesinRobots’CreationD.MultileggedRobotsBroughtBenefitstoFarming【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員受啟發(fā)于蜈蚣而發(fā)明出了一種多足機(jī)器人，這種機(jī)器人可以在各種環(huán)境及地形中移動(dòng)，未來(lái)有望廣泛應(yīng)用于多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ARoombaworksbecauseithaswheelsthatfunctionwellonflatground.However,fieldsarefullofroughandrockyenvironments,whichmeansitisdifficultforrobotstoworkinthefields.(Roomba之所以有效，是因?yàn)樗妮喿釉谄降厣线\(yùn)行良好。然而，田地里到處都是粗糙和巖石的環(huán)境，這意味著機(jī)器人很難在田地里工作)”可知，它在粗糙的農(nóng)田里不能很好地運(yùn)行。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Asthelegcountincreased,therobotcouldmoreeasilymoveacrossthesurfaces,evenwithoutsensors.Finally,theytestedtherobotoutdoorsonrealenvironments,whereitwasabletomoveinavarietyofenvironments.(隨著腿部數(shù)量的增加，即使沒(méi)有傳感器，機(jī)器人也能更容易地在地面上移動(dòng)。最后，他們?cè)谑彝獾恼鎸?shí)環(huán)境中測(cè)試了機(jī)器人，在那里它能夠在各種環(huán)境中移動(dòng))”可推知，多足機(jī)器人是有前景的。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inthefuture,wehopetoapplythemforspaceexploration,andevensearchandrescue.(在未來(lái)，我們希望將它們應(yīng)用于太空探索，甚至是搜救)”可推知，它會(huì)被應(yīng)用于許多其他領(lǐng)域。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。本文首先第一段介紹了研究多組機(jī)器人的原因及其靈感來(lái)源，第二、三段介紹了研究多足機(jī)器人的具體過(guò)程以及研究成果，第四段介紹了多足機(jī)器人目前在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用，以及對(duì)其未來(lái)發(fā)展的期望。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“蜈蚣啟發(fā)了多足機(jī)器人的發(fā)明”可以概括本文主旨，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Savingtheenvironmentmightseemlikeadifficultthing.Butlivinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeisquiteeasy.Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanprotecttheplanetandalsoliveahealthierlifeforyourself!___16___Cutbackondriving.Findotherformsoftransportationthatconsumelessornopetrol.___17___Theywon’tcauseanypollutionorconsumenaturalresources.Ifthatisn’tachoice,considersharingwithothersorusingpublictransportation.Replacingcartripswithpublictransportreducestrafficjamsandtheoverallamountofpetrol,cuttingbackyourcarbonfootprint.Volunteertocleanupyourcommunity.Volunteerworkhasadirectlypositiveimpactontheenvironmentinyourarea.Youcanvolunteertopickuplitter,plantcommunitygardensorcleanuprivers.Findanactivitythatsuitsyourinterestsandsetasidetimetohelpregularly.___18___Ifyouprefertobepartofagroup,volunteerwithfriends,yourclassoranyoneelse.Upcycleitems.___19___Insteadofthrowingthingsaway,givethemanotherpurposebymakingjewelry,householdaccessoriesorrestyledclothing.Upcyclingisfunandgoodfortheearth.Forexample,youcouldturnanoldT-shirtintoagrocerybagorusecinderblocks(煤渣磚)tomakeoutdoorplanters.Experimentandlookfornewwaystoadaptusedobjects___20___Somechemicalshaveharmfullong-termeffectsontheenvironment.Choosechemical-freeproducts,plusall-naturalhouseholdcleaners,beautyandhygieneproducts.Thefewerchemicalsyouuse,thehealthiertheenvironmentwillbe.Plus,naturalandchemical-freeproductsarealsogoodforyou!A.Keeprecycleditemsproperly.B.Usefewerchemicalsinyourdailylife.C.Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible.D.Herearesometipsthatmaybeofgreathelp.E.Considerinvestinginanelectricorhybrid(混合動(dòng)力)vehicle.F.Youcanjoinanenvironmentalorganizationthatattractsyou,too.G.Creativelyrepurposeunwanteditemstoputlesstrashintotheworld.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.G20.B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。拯救環(huán)境似乎是一件困難的事情。只要稍微改變一下生活方式，你就可以在保護(hù)地球的同時(shí)，過(guò)上更健康的生活！本文對(duì)具體的做法提出了幾個(gè)建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanprotecttheplanetandalsoliveahealthierlifeforyourself!(只要稍微改變一下生活方式，你就可以在保護(hù)地球的同時(shí)，過(guò)上更健康的生活！)”以及下文“Cutbackondriving(減少駕駛)”可知，此處講的是改變生活方式，在保護(hù)地球的同時(shí)過(guò)上健康的生活，下文直接給出了建議，可知空白處為過(guò)渡句，應(yīng)選擇表示“以下是一些有幫助的建議”含義的表達(dá)，與D項(xiàng)“Herearesometipsthatmaybeofgreathelp.(以下是一些可能有很大幫助的建議)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theywon’tcauseanypollutionorconsumenaturalresources.(它們不會(huì)造成任何污染或消耗自然資源)”可知上文說(shuō)的是要選擇不會(huì)造成任何污染或消耗自然資源的交通方式，與C項(xiàng)“Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible(盡可能步行或騎自行車)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyouprefertobepartofagroup,volunteerwithfriends,yourclassoranyoneelse.(如果你想成為一個(gè)團(tuán)體的一員，可以和朋友、你的班級(jí)或其他任何人一起做志愿者。)”可推理出上文給的建議是加入一個(gè)環(huán)保團(tuán)隊(duì)或組織，與F項(xiàng)“Youcanjoinanenvironmentalorganizationthatattractsyou,too.(你也可以加入一個(gè)吸引你的環(huán)保組織)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Insteadofthrowingthingsaway,givethemanotherpurposebymakingjewelry,householdaccessoriesorrestyledclothing.(與其把東西扔掉，不如通過(guò)制作珠寶、家居飾品或重新設(shè)計(jì)服裝來(lái)給它們另一個(gè)用途。)”可知，此處上下文說(shuō)的是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地調(diào)整不需要的物品的用途，減少垃圾，與G項(xiàng)“Creativelyrepurposeunwanteditemstoputlesstrashintotheworld.(創(chuàng)造性地重新調(diào)整不需要的物品的用途，以減少世界上的垃圾)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somechemicalshaveharmfullong-termeffectsontheenvironment.Choosechemical-freeproducts,plusall-naturalhouseholdcleaners,beautyandhygieneproducts.(有些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)環(huán)境有長(zhǎng)期的有害影響。選擇不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，以及所有天然的家用清潔劑、美容和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品。)”可知此處上下文說(shuō)的是要減少使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)，與B項(xiàng)“Usefewerchemicalsinyourdailylife(在日常生活中減少使用化學(xué)物質(zhì))”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mikelickedthelastofthechocolateicecream.Hejumpedintothecarwithhisparentsand___21___offtotheOlympic-sizedpoolforthebigswimmeet.Whenhisracecameup,Mikewasconfident.Hewasstrongandswift.Hewonfirstplace,makinghimthe___22___boyinhisagegroup.Aweeklater,itwastimeforanotherswimmeet.Mikerememberedthatthelasttimehehadwonaracehealsoate___23___icecreamfirst.Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.___24___,hewasright.SoMikedecidedtohaveicecream___25___everyoneofthenextfewswimmeets.Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm.Afterseveral___26___ofwinningthetoppositionsofeveryraceheswam,Mikewasfeeling___27___.Hewouldn’tadmitit,butallthaticecreamwas___28___afewpoundstohisathleticswimmer’sbuild.Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartcominginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.Theluckyicecreamhadlostits___29___.Hisfatherofferedtogo____30____withhimafewdaysaweektohelphimfeelbetterandstrengthenhismuscles.Theextra____31____soondisappeared,andMikefoundhimselfbreathingeasieratswimpractices.Inthenextswimmeet,Mike____32____again.Hisparentscameupandgavehimahighfive,grinning(咧嘴笑)fromeartoear.“Hey,whynottryyourfavoriteicecreamandcelebrate!”saidhisfather,____33____himontheshoulder.“Thanks,Dad,butIhave____34____theicecream.It’snotsuchaluckycharmatall.”Hiseyesshonewithwisdom.ItwasthatdaythatMikerealizedthatone’sluckycharmwasnothingbuthis____35____.21.A.took B.headed C.walked D.fell22.A.smartest B.tallest C.fastest D.fattest23.A.chocolate B.strawberry C.milk D.pineapple24.A.Seemingly B.Eventually C.Accidentally D.Gradually25.A.after B.during C.in D.before26.A.minutes B.months C.hours D.seconds27.A.unbearable B.unimaginable C.unbeatable D.unhappy28.A.adding B.losing C.lending D.carrying29.A.flavour B.sweetness C.value D.magic30.A.shopping B.running C.fishing D.boating31.A.weight B.muscles C.fear D.beauty32.A.swam B.ran C.lost D.won33.A.hitting B.licking C.patting D.seizing34.A.gottiredof B.givenup C.falleninlovewith D.calledoff35.A.icecream B.wisdom C.parents D.diligence【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了邁克認(rèn)為自己游泳比賽獲勝的原因是每次賽前吃冰淇淋，所以堅(jiān)持每次賽前都吃，但是游泳成績(jī)逐漸退步。當(dāng)父親陪著他鍛煉身體后，邁克再次獲勝。他意識(shí)到一個(gè)人的幸運(yùn)符不過(guò)是他的勤奮?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他和父母一起跳上車，前往奧運(yùn)會(huì)規(guī)模的游泳池參加大型游泳比賽。A.took帶；B.headed前往；C.walked走；D.fell落下。根據(jù)下文“theOlympic-sizedpoolforthebigswimmeet(奧運(yùn)會(huì)規(guī)模的游泳池參加大型游泳比賽)”可知下文說(shuō)的是作者和父母去的地方，空白處應(yīng)填表示“前往”含義的動(dòng)詞，故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他獲得了第一名，成為同年齡組游得最快的男孩。A.smartest最聰明的；B.tallest最高的；C.fastest最快的；D.fattest最胖的。根據(jù)上文“Hewonfirstplace(他獲得了第一名)”可知他的速度是同年齡組最快的，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克記得上一次贏得比賽時(shí)，他也先吃了巧克力冰淇淋。A.chocolate巧克力；B.strawberry草莓；C.milk牛奶；D.pineapple菠蘿。根據(jù)上文“Mikelickedthelastofthechocolateicecream(邁克舔了最后一塊巧克力冰淇淋)”可知上一次邁克吃的是巧克力冰淇淋，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：看來(lái)他是對(duì)的。A.Seemingly表面上看；B.Eventually最終；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)上文“Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.(邁克決定享用他最喜歡的冰淇淋口味。也許他會(huì)再次獲勝。)”以及下文“Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm(他開(kāi)始認(rèn)為這是他的幸運(yùn)符)”可知，邁克賽前吃了巧克力冰淇淋并獲勝，誤以為是冰淇淋的功勞，而實(shí)際上不是，空白處應(yīng)填表示“從表面上看；貌似”含義的副詞，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，邁克決定在接下來(lái)的幾場(chǎng)游泳比賽之前吃冰淇淋。A.after之后；B.during在……期間；C.in在……里；D.before在……之前。根據(jù)上文“Mikerememberedthatthelasttimehehadwonaracehealsoatechocolateicecreamfirst.Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.(邁克記得上一次贏得比賽時(shí)，他也先吃了巧克力冰淇淋。邁克決定享用他最喜歡的冰淇淋口味。也許他會(huì)再次獲勝。)”可知，邁克之前是在賽前吃巧克力冰淇淋，并認(rèn)為這是他的幸運(yùn)符，可推理出邁克決定在每次賽前吃巧克力冰淇淋，故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)了幾個(gè)月在每一場(chǎng)比賽中都贏得了冠軍以后，他感到自己不可戰(zhàn)勝。A.minutes分鐘；B.months月；C.hours小時(shí)；D.seconds秒。根據(jù)上文“Aweeklater,itwastimeforanotherswimmeet.(一周后，又到了游泳比賽的時(shí)間了。)”可知兩次比賽之間間隔一周，可推理出幾場(chǎng)比賽要經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間，故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.unbearable不堪忍受的；B.unimaginable難以想象的；C.unbeatable打不垮的；D.unhappy不高興的。根據(jù)上文“winningthetoppositionsofeveryraceheswam(在每一場(chǎng)比賽中都贏得了冠軍)”可推理出邁克感覺(jué)到自己不可戰(zhàn)勝，故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他不承認(rèn)，但他吃的那些冰淇淋讓他游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身材增加了幾磅體重。A.adding增加；B.losing丟失；C.lending借；D.carrying搬運(yùn)。根據(jù)下文“afewpoundstohisathleticswimmer’sbuild(讓他游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身材……了幾磅)”以及“Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartcominginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.(沒(méi)過(guò)多久，邁克就開(kāi)始在比賽中獲得第二名、第三名和最后一名。)”可知，吃冰淇淋對(duì)邁克的游泳成績(jī)產(chǎn)生了不利影響，可推理出吃冰淇淋增加了邁克的體重，故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的冰淇淋失去了魔力。A.flavour風(fēng)味；B.sweetness甜蜜；C.value價(jià)值；D.magic魔力。根據(jù)上文“Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm(他開(kāi)始認(rèn)為這是他的幸運(yùn)符)”以及“Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartcominginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.(沒(méi)過(guò)多久，邁克就開(kāi)始在比賽中獲得第二名、第三名和最后一名。)”可知，邁克的幸運(yùn)符失去了魔力，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親提出每周和他一起跑步幾天，幫助他感覺(jué)更好，增強(qiáng)肌肉。A.shopping購(gòu)物；B.running跑步；C.fishing釣魚(yú)；D.boating劃船。根據(jù)下文“helphimfeelbetterandstrengthenhismuscles(幫助他感覺(jué)更好，增強(qiáng)肌肉)”可知，邁克的爸爸陪他鍛煉身體，分析選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“running跑步”表達(dá)的含義符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查