必修② Unit 1 課下主題訓(xùn)練 地球與宇宙奧秘探索

必修②Unit1課下主題訓(xùn)練地球與宇宙奧秘探索課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①incredible □ ②universe □③technology □ ④crash □⑤origin □ ⑥fascinated □⑦globe □ ⑧discovery □⑨phenomenon □ ⑩spirit □?astronomer □ ?emerge □?trail □ ?microscope □?expedition □ ?observe □?planet □ ?telescope □?arouse □ ?explore □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)trail,origin,planet,universe,technology,expedition,arouse,crash,discovery,observe1．Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecarcrash,_onlytwosurvived.2．Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologymeansthatsheisnowfarbehind,andwillneedretraining.3．Thepolicefollowedtherobberstotheairportbutthenlosttheirtrail.4．Robstoodinthehallway,fromwherehecouldobservethehappeningsonthestreet.5．Thepictureshowssixofthenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.6．Researchersinthisfieldhavemadesomeimportantnewdiscoveries.7．Theadvertisementandpackagingaremethodsusedtoarouseconsumers'curiosity.8．Scientistsclaimedtohavesolvedthemysteryofthebirthoftheuniverse.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ithinkyoushouldgobacktoyouroriginal(origin)plan,whichisbetterthanit.2．Theworldissuffering,suchasglobal(globe)warming,andtherearemanysimilarevents.3．Thedrugisnotanewdiscovery(discover)—it'sbeenknownaboutforyears.4．Whiledifferentcultureshavedifferentmoralstandards,somestandardsareuniversal(universe)．5．Astudysuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspirits(spirit)butmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.6．Visitorswerefascinated(fascinate)bythewonderfulmusicfountainshowandthebeautyofnatureinHangzhou.7．Myteacherorganizedaunitonspaceexploration(explore)thatreallysparkedmyinterest.8．Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency(emerge)followingtheearthquake.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加紅詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Theastronomerpresentedanewconceptofthebeginningoftheuniverse.天文學(xué)家2．Generallyspeaking,thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthisphenomenon.現(xiàn)象3．Ifyoulookatthepaperunderamicroscopeyouwillseethefibres.顯微鏡4．Duringtheexpedition,theywalkedtentothirteenhoursaday.探險(xiǎn)5．It'shopedthatthetelescopewillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore.望遠(yuǎn)鏡6．Itseemedincrediblethatshehadbeenthereaweekalready.難以置信的7．Whiletakingpartinsportsgame,wewillarousethecompetitivespiritinusandtryourbesttowinthegame.激發(fā)二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ADaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators(短吻鱷).Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticeditsfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandthescientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.Tofindoutthesecret,sheplacedelectrodes(電極)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(電流).Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetriedtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator'stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator'sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians.Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了生物學(xué)家達(dá)芙妮·索雷斯偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)短吻鱷臉上小黑點(diǎn)的作用的故事，以及她在其他方面的研究工作。1．WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator?A．Toobserveitsblackdots.B．Tofindthesecretofitsdots.C．Tohelpotherstoholditup.D．Topreventitfrommoving.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，達(dá)芙妮·索雷斯第一次近距離接觸短吻鱷是因?yàn)橐獛兔Π醋∷蔬xD。2．WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots?A．Alittlenoisewassentout.B．Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.C．Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D．Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，通電之后通過(guò)揚(yáng)聲器她聽到了細(xì)小的聲音，故選A。3．HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofalligators'blackdots?A．Byexperiment. B．Byreference.C．Byaccident. D．Bycomparison.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可推知，她是通過(guò)一次小意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了短吻鱷臉上小黑點(diǎn)的作用。故選C。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.B．DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.C．Alligators'genesarethesameascrocodilians'.D．DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，達(dá)芙妮·索雷斯除了研究短吻鱷，還在研究洞穴魚，并對(duì)鱷目動(dòng)物進(jìn)行更多的研究工作，由此可推知，達(dá)芙妮·索雷斯把自己的精力投入到研究工作中。故選B。BAnunderwaterrobotnamedIcefinhasgonetothebottomofAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacier(冰川)recently,whichisoneofAntarctica'sfastestmelting(融化)glaciers.Evenso,scientistslearnedunexpectedlythatwatersatthegroundline,theregionwheretheglaciermeetsthesea,aremorethan2degreesCelsiusabovethenormalfreezingtemperature.Thejourneytocollectthedatawasn'teasy.ScientistsdroppedIcefinthrougha700-meter-deepholetheyhaddrilledthroughtheglacier.“We'reproudofIcefin,sinceitrepresentsanewwayoflookingatglaciers，”saidBritneySchmidt,leadscientistforIcefin.“Forreallythefirsttime,wecandrivemilesundertheicetomeasureandmapprocesseswecan'totherwisereach.We'vetakenthefirstclose-uplookatagroundingzone.It'sour‘walkingonthemoon’moment.”Thegroundingzoneistheregionwherethebottomoftheglaciermeetstheseawaterbeneathit.Theteamspentthelasttwomonthsinminus30℃ThwaitesGlacier,roughlythesizeofFlorida,whichpreventstheicebehinditfromfreelyflowingintotheocean,ismeltingatanincreasinglyfastrate.Itsmeltingalreadyaccountsforabout4%oftheglobalsearise,GeorgiaTechreported.TheamountoficeflowingoutofThwaitesintotheseahasdoubledinthepast30years,greatlychangingthelandscape,temperaturesandtheecosystemofAntarctica.“WeknowthatwarmeroceanwatersareerodingmanyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers,butwe'reparticularlyconcernedaboutThwaites，”KeithNicholls,anoceanographerwiththeBritishAntarcticSurveyandtheUnitedKingdomleadontheteam,saidintheGeorgiaTechstatement.“Thisnewdatawillprovideanewviewpointoftheprocessestakingplace,sowecanpredictfuturechangewithmorecertainty.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家把一臺(tái)水下機(jī)器人放入思韋茨冰川底部進(jìn)行科學(xué)考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的水溫高于一般的結(jié)冰溫度。5．WhatwerescientistssurprisedtodiscoveratthebottomofThwaitesGlacier?A．Ameltingglacier. B．Warmwaters.C．Thegroundline. D．Anunderwaterrobot.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，出乎科學(xué)家們意料的是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在這個(gè)冰川底部水溫竟然高于一般的結(jié)冰溫度2攝氏度。最后一段中的“WeknowthatwarmeroceanwatersareerodingmanyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers”也是提示。6．WhatdidIcefindoasitmovedalongunderwater?A．Ittookphotos. B．Itmappedthearea.C．Itdrilledholes. D．Itmeasuredseawater.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Asitmovedalong,Icefintookmeasurementsandrecordedwhatitsawwithaninsidecamera”可知，當(dāng)機(jī)器人在水底向前移動(dòng)的時(shí)候，它同時(shí)還測(cè)量海水和用內(nèi)置照相機(jī)記錄情況。7．FromParagraph4,wecaninferThwaitesGlacier________.A．isextremelyvitaltoAntarcticaB．isalotlargerthanFlorida,USAC．ismeltingthefastestinAntarcticaD．istoblamefortheglobalseariseentirely解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“preventstheicebehinditfromfreelyflowingintotheocean”及“greatlychangingthelandscape,temperaturesandtheecosystemofAntarctica”可推知，思韋茨冰川對(duì)南極至關(guān)重要。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eroding”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Accumulating. B．Shaping.C．Raising. D．Destroying.解析：選D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“butwe'reparticularlyconcernedaboutThwaites”可知，畫線詞應(yīng)表示一種令人擔(dān)憂的情況；再結(jié)合前面的“warmeroceanwaters”和畫線詞后面的動(dòng)作承受者“manyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers”可推知，畫線詞表示“侵蝕”，故選D。Ⅱ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華，你校英文報(bào)“外國(guó)文化”欄目擬刊登介紹外國(guó)節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請(qǐng)給英國(guó)朋友彼得寫信約稿，要點(diǎn)如下：1．欄目介紹；2．稿件內(nèi)容；3．稿件長(zhǎng)度：約400詞；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua參考范文：DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.The“ForeignCultures”sectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.Wouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourhometown?AndwewouldespeciallywelcomearticlesabouthowtheBritishspendtheirholidaysandfestivals,andthelifeofBritishhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.400wordswouldbefine.CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①wetland □ ②ecology □③coexistence □ ④confirm □⑤jungle □ ⑥habitat □⑦convinced □ ⑧false □⑨endangered □ ⑩species □?unsolved □ ?firmly □?evolution □ ?scare □?enormous □ ?current □?prove □ ?awesome □?escape □ ?swallow □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)endangered，ecology，habitat，species，convinced，unsolved，escape，confirm，current，swallow1．Beforechoicesarefinalized,parentswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchildren'schoices.2．Weallcomplainaboutthelossofthequalityoflifethroughthedestructionofourecology.3．Hestoodupandwenoutwithoutsayingaword,leavingtheproblemunsolved.4．Myparentshavealwaysconvincedmetochallengemyself,forwhichI'mreallygrateful.5．Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyourcurrentjob,onnoaccountmustyoubenegativeaboutit.6．Ifyouarenotafish,whydidyouletthismonsterswallowyou?7．Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.8．Forestsprovideshelterforpeopleandhabitatforgreatplantsandanimals.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wemusttakeactionstoprotectendangered(endanger)animalswithoutdelay.2．Althoughthepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproof(prove)aboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.3．Humanbeingsareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.4．Onemustapplyoneselftothepresentandkeepone'seyesfirmly(firm)fixedonone'sfuturegoals.5．Afamilyherehasaveryfiercedog,andeveryoneisscared(scare)whentheyseeit.6．You'llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejobwhenyouareinterviewed.7．Currently(current)manyschools'sportsgroundsarenotfullymadeuseof.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors.叢林2．Hisworkhasledotherstoprotectthehabitatofthisendangeredspecies.棲息地3．Thelossofglaciersduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.巨大的4．Thewideplain,withthousandsofanimalsonthemove,wasanawesomescene.令人驚嘆的5．Thisisanencouragingsignthatwecanrestoreandimproveourwetlandhabitats,whichbringvitalbenefitstobothpeopleandwildlife.濕地6．Someirresponsiblewebsitesallowedrestaurantstopostfalsepicturesthatcouldmisleadcustomers.虛假的7．Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds.進(jìn)化，演變二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics”．RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting？“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖論)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists，“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”．WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(現(xiàn)象)—andhavingfun!語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了物理學(xué)家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。1．Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery________.A．direct B．difficultC．personal D．long解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Greene對(duì)這個(gè)問題的解釋以及他說(shuō)需要未來(lái)的物理學(xué)家去解決可知，作者提出的這個(gè)問題非常難。2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind________.A．a(chǎn)reboringtoreadB．a(chǎn)remainlyaboutmathC．a(chǎn)repopularsciencebooksD．a(chǎn)reonlypopularamongkids解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“booksby...‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath’”可知，Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫的書淺顯易懂，適合普通大眾閱讀，故這些書屬于科普讀物。3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段他所說(shuō)的話可知，他認(rèn)為興趣在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中起著非常重要的作用。4．Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat________.A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對(duì)科學(xué)和物理感興趣，去探索宇宙的奧秘。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Itseemsthattheissueoverbatsisonewheremanyhumansaredivided.__1__Butthosethatknowaboutthebatsinmoredetailaretheonesthatfindthemtobefascinatingcreatures.Rabies(狂犬病)isoftenthoughttobecarriedbydogs.However,batscarryittooandmorepeopleareinfectedbythemannuallythanbydogs.Abatcanbiteahumanastheysleepandthepersonmaynotevenfeelit.__2__Careshouldbetakenabouthowareaswherebatswerelivingarecleaned.Infact,itisbesttoallowaprofessionaltocleanupthewastethathasbeenleftbehind.__3__Itcanalsoresultindustfromoldwastereleasingharmfulpiecesthatcangetbreathedin.__4__Forexample,insomeareasfarmerspayforthebatcavestobeminedforfertilizer(肥料).Batsalsokeepourenvironmentfreefromvariousinsects.Couldyouimaginehowmanyofthemwouldbearoundifthereweren'tthousandsofbatsouteverysinglenightconsumingthem?Itcouldquicklybeanightmarethatgetsoutofcontrol.Humansmustfindawaytobeinbalancewithbats.Batsmakeuponefifthoftheworld'smammals.Thatisquitesomething.__5__A．Itisveryimportantforustofindaproperplacetosleep.B．Othersarefondofthecreatureswithsharpteethflyinginthesky.C．Manypeopleareafraidofthemduetowhattheyhaveheardaboutthem.D．Inadequatecleaningcanleadtoserioushealthproblemsforfamilymembers.E．Therearesomepositiveelementsofhumansandbatsthathavebeenrecorded.F．Therefore,childrenareespeciallyaconcernwhenitcomestorabiesfrombats.G．Identifyinglocationswherethesecreaturescanlivepeacefullyispartofthatbalance.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些有關(guān)蝙蝠的知識(shí)。1．解析：選C根據(jù)上文中提到的人們對(duì)蝙蝠看法各異可知，后面兩句應(yīng)分別說(shuō)出兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)“許多人因?yàn)槁犝f(shuō)的有關(guān)蝙蝠的信息而害怕它們”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。2．解析：選F空前講蝙蝠會(huì)在人們睡覺時(shí)咬人，被咬的人甚至可能感覺不到，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“因此，當(dāng)說(shuō)到來(lái)自蝙蝠的狂犬病時(shí)，兒童尤其令人擔(dān)憂”與前文內(nèi)容構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。3．解析：選D此段是關(guān)于清理蝙蝠糞便和蝙蝠糞便的危害。根據(jù)空后的“Itcanalsoresultin”可知，前后兩句話之間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)“清潔不足會(huì)給家庭成員帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的健康問題”，空后的It指代選項(xiàng)中的“Inadequatecleaning”。4．解析：選E根據(jù)段落結(jié)構(gòu)和空后所舉例子可知，空處為本段主旨句，此段介紹了有關(guān)蝙蝠對(duì)人類有利的方面。5．解析：選G此段講到人類須找到一種方式與蝙蝠和諧、平衡相處，G項(xiàng)中的“thatbalance”與上文的“inbalancewithbats”相呼應(yīng)，故選G。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空ThePrzewalski'shorse(蒙古野馬)isarareandendangeredwildhorse.Only12indi