2022年北京高考英語真題及答案

2022年北京高考試題及答案

英語

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并

在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay"，Isteppedtothe

doorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I]amovementoftheheavywooden

door.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthe

bittercold.Ifeltachill（寒意）gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoI

thoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthe

door.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothe

hospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He'dneedtimeto5,andwouldn'tcome

forclassthenextday,Ithought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidhe

runinwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtold

himhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,4tIknewyou

wouldopenthedoor.”

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,

everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn'tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.This

five-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.

1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait

6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react

7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous

9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出

提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocery

bags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn'tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.As

Helenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention

12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhe

wasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

B

Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)

byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It'seasytoexplainhowwedetermine

15smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionof

gasleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisadded

sothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.

C

Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.That

includescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That'sabigproblem

anditisgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%since

2019.Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。

A

Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogramme

availabletostudentsenrolled(注冊)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.

PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallyprepared

problemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou'reenrolledin.

PASSdoesn'tre-teachordelivernewcontent.Ifsanopportunitytodeepenyour

understandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolve

problems.

Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineach

session.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.

RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.

Waitinglists

Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomes

availableorifanewsessionistobeheld.

Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhere

youareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgaininga

placeintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.

Deregistering

IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiven

tosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecord

yourattendance.

You'llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.If

youbelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@umbs.edu.

21.InPASS,students.

A.attendnewlecturesB.decidetheirownschedules

C.prepareproblemsetsingroupsD.usetheirskillstosolveproblems

22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?

A.Fillintheattendancesheet.B.Signupforthewaitinglist.

C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.

23.Studentswillbederegisteredif.

A.theysendemailsinerrorB.theyfailtoworkinteractively

C.theygivetheirplacestoothersD.theymisstwosessionsinarow

B

MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）my

abilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,

constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:

IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumed

me.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.

Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakea

differenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersetting

allowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim——anideathathad

seemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Looking

back,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldself

wouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.Shortly

afterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanet

groupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingthe

applications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotect

nature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandFverealisedthatmybiggest

obstacle（障礙）thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingme

thatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican't.Theysay

goodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveand

beimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.

24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice'sanxiety?

A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrown'spresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.

A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C.Actionisworry'sworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

C

“Whatwouldtheworldbeifthereweren。hunger?”[t'saquestionthatProfessorCrystal

wouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimagining

somethingthatisn'tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal——isarareskill.Itistaught

toartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelped

tocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult-anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenas

essentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.

Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutrition

becauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredand

consumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect（交叉）withhumanhealth,the

environment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefood

system-oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentify

alltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,

theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthose

outsidethesystem.

Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished

（營養(yǎng)不良）peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.

Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetween

calories,sugar,fatandtheoccuiTenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningand

artificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000

biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.

Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthe

systemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agood

waytoredress（修正）suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidand

teachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.

Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolook

beyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisions

alonedon'tproduceresults,butconcludedthat"we'llneverproduceresultsthatwecan't

envision”.

28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to.

A-illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion

C.introducethetopicD.predicttheending

29.Whatcanbeinfenedaboutthefieldofnutrition?

A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn'tbeenachieved.

B.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.

C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.

D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.

30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.

B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.

C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.

D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.

D

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensending

mearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengesweface

ashumans.I'vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputer

scientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.Theotheris

physicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,big

techcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.Accordingto

BusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturn

climatechangeintheoppositedirection.^^Thisisthesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.

Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep."What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,

“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymislead

investors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.If

researcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.But

somethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhaps

because“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand."Andthat

bringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmy

questionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcerns

abouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）“to

buildinga"useful”quantumcomputer,onethat"solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnot

havebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butI

havespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?

Idon'tknow.I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantum

computers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,

wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthese

diseases.

36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshall

naturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbody

atagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobe

targetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthe

fitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,

wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsof

exercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursof

sleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune（免疫）systemandprotectsusagainst

diseases.39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.

G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwecatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12

分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（倉U業(yè)者）,witnessedathisownschoolthe

widespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrink

solutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused（浸泡）

water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforalake-alongoption.

Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhis

originalmodelfortheFunBottle.t4Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopleto

drinkwhenonthego.AbigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinksJTom

explains.

Thebottleismadewithastrainer（濾網(wǎng)）thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsof

thevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseeds

orskinsflowingthrough.

TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandin

stores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.It

helpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitsto

theOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration（OHG）.

Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.When

askedwhatadvicehe'dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily's

support.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,and

thereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess75

40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?

41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

ATomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenot

onlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.

43.AmongTom'squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantfbrus?Why?(Inabout

40words)

第二節(jié)(20分)

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你打算邀請英國好友Jim為你們班做一關(guān)于英語寫作

的線上經(jīng)驗交流。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.建議交流的具體內(nèi)容及其原因；

2.交流時間