生物醫(yī)學(xué)英文論文的寫作與處理技巧

生物醫(yī)學(xué)英文論文的寫作與處理技巧徐建青復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究院上海市(復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬)公共衛(wèi)生臨床中心Email:Whydoweneedtopublishapaper？Totellascientificstorythroughthedemonstrationofyourdata.-Scientificidea:alignallyourdata-DataSide-effects:bringscientificreputationorevenpoliticreputationtoauthors.InternationalCommitteeofMedicalJournalEditors

(ICMJE

)UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals:WritingandEditingforBiomedicalPublicationICMJEhistoryAsmallgroupofeditorsofgeneralmedicaljournalsmetinformallyinVancouver,BritishColumbia,in1978toestablishguidelinesfortheformatofmanuscriptssubmittedtotheirjournals.ThegroupbecameknownastheVancouverGroup.TheVancouverGroupexpandedandevolvedintotheInternationalCommitteeofMedicalJournalEditors(ICMJE)TitleRunningtitleAuthorshipAffiliateInstitutesCorrespondenceinformationKeywordsAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResultsDiscussionReferenceAcknowledgmentFigurelegendsFiguresTablesUniformRequirementsforManuscriptssampleTITLEPAGE

Title

andrunningtitle

Nomorethan120characters,notincludingspacesbetweenwords.Theuseofacronymsandabbreviationsshouldbeavoided.Thespeciesusedforworkwithexperimentalanimalsmustbeindicatedinthetitle.Arunningtitleisabriefdescriptionofyourwork.

AuthorNames

Thefullnameandinstitutionalaffiliationofallauthorsmustbeincluded.Inamulti-authoredworkinvolvingmorethanasingleinstitution,indicateindividualaffiliationbymeansofasuperscriptArabicnumber.Indicateachangeofaddresssimilarly

ContactInformation

Name,address,telephonenumber,faxnumber,ande-mailaddressforauthortowhomproofsshouldbesent.Thisisusuallythecorrespondingauthor.Acorrespondingauthoristhepersonwhodevelopedthescientificideaanddefensethescientificvaluewhennecessary,alsotaketheresponsibilityforpublicationrelatedprocess,notnecessaryastheadvisororlabdirector.

FinancialSupport

ListgrantsandotherfinancialsupportsampleABSTRACT

Writeascontinuoustextorganizedasbackgroundandrationaleforthestudy,objectives,mainmethods,mainresults,andconclusions.Acronymsandabbreviationsmustbedefinedintheabstracttoallowtheabstracttostandalone.Donotexceed275wordsorasinstructedbythejournal.ThelastsectionshouldstartwithConclusion.Avoidingfollowingproblems:

-onlydescriptiveanddata-lessunlessindicatedbytheinstruction-Conclusionissuperficialasasummaryofdata.

Pre-revisionVSrevisedKeywords

Threetofivekeywordsthatdonotappearinthetitleitself:

-describethefieldrelatedtoyourmanuscript-andtargetatthosereaderswhomaybeinterestedinyourwork

-Takeyourselfasapersonhuntingforaninterestedfield:whichwordswillbeusedtolookforpapers?

sampleINTRODUCTORYSTATEMENT

Donotincludeaheading.Providetheminimumbackgroundinformationthatwillorientatethegeneralreader,whichactsasapointertopositionwhyyouconductedyourresearchwork.Pleasebearinmindthateachimportantstatementhastobereferredastopreviouspublications.Indetail…sampleEXPERIMENTALPROCEDURES

Providealevelofdetailssuchthatanotherinvestigatorcouldrepeatthework;formethodsthatareusedwithoutsignificantmodification,citationoftheoriginalworkwillsufficeHumanSubjects

AnimalExperimentation

GeneticSequenceData

ManufacturersAssaydetailsStatisticalmethodsampleCLINICALTRIALS

RandomizedcontrolledtrialsshouldbepresentedaccordingtotheCONSORTguidelines(JAMA2001;285:1987-1991or).AuthorsmustprovidetheCONSORTchecklist(foundat://,underInstructionsandForms)withadiagramthatillustratestheprogressofpatientsthroughthetrial,includingrecruitment,enrollment,randomization,withdrawalandcompletion,andadetaileddescriptionoftherandomizationprocedure.ManuscriptsthatfailtocomplywithCONSORTguidelinesordonotincludetheCONSORTchecklistatthetimeofsubmissionwillnotbereviewedforpublicationsampleRESULTS

Unfoldthemajorfindingsofthestudyingraphicformfromtoptodownifpracticable,alldatashouldpointtoaddressingonescientificquestion.Donotillustrateminordetailsiftheirmessageisconveyedadequatelybysimpledescriptivetext.Mentionalltablesandfigures.Avoidingthefollowingproblems:

-Onlydescriptivewordsandnumberless;-Datapresentedafterthesummaryorconclusion;-Redundantdescriptionofassays;-Redundantdiscussinresultsection;-Nostatisticalpvalueprovided;-Norefertofigureandtable

sampleDISCUSSION

Inthediscussion,conciselypresenttheimplicationsofthenewfindingsforthefieldasawhole,minimizingreiterationoftheresults,avoidingrepetitionofmaterialintheintroduction,andkeepingaclosefocusonthespecifictopicofthepaper.Needtotell:Theconsensusanddifferencesbetweenyourfindingsandpreviousones,provideabriefpossibleexplanationforthediscrepancy;Allstatementsshouldbewellreferred;Ifthetechniquesarenew,providethepossibleapplications;Pointoutthelimitationsforyourstudy:samplesize,specializedpopulations,problematicassay,tobeprolongedobservation,etc.Thissectionwilldemonstrateyouhavewellthoughtthrough.

sampleREFERENCES

NumberreferencesintheordercitedasArabicnumeralsinparenthesesontheline.Onlyliteraturethatispublishedorinpress(withthenameofthepublicationknown)maybenumberedandlisted;abstractsandletterstotheeditormaybecited,buttheymustbelessthan3yearsoldandidentifiedassuch.Refertoonlyinthetext,inparentheses,othermaterial(manuscriptssubmitted,unpublisheddata,personalcommunications,andthelike)asinthefollowingexample:(ChercheurX,unpublisheddata).Iftheowneroftheunpublisheddataorpersonalcommunicationisnotanauthorofthemanuscriptunderreview,asignedstatementisrequiredverifyingtheaccuracyoftheattributedinformationandagreementtoitspublication.

UseIndexMedicusasthestyleguideforreferencesandotherjournalabbreviations.Listallauthorsuptosix,usingsixand"etal."whenthenumberisgreaterthansix.

EndNoteisasoftwareproductthatwerecommendtoourjournalauthorstohelpsimplifyandstreamlinetheresearchprocess.

DownloadReferenceStyleforHEPATOLOGY:IfyoualreadyuseEndNote,youcandownloadthereferencestyleforthisjournal.

HowtoOrder:TolearnmoreaboutEndNote,ortopurchaseyourowncopy,gotothefollowingURL:*.

TechnicalSupport:IfyouneedassistanceusingEndNote,contact,orvisit/support.sampleACKNOWLEDGMENT

Acknowledgepersonalassistance:editorialhelp,techniquehelp,discussionhelp.Providersofspecialreagents:ifthepersonhasnointellectualcontribution,he/sheshouldnotbepresentedinauthors.Insomecasesforcertainjournal,thegrantandotherfinancialsupportislistedonthefootnotepage,nothere.sampleFIGURELEGENDS

NumberwithArabicnumeralsintheordermentionedinthetext.Provideatitle(thisshouldnotappearonthefigureitself)andsufficientexplanationtorenderthefigureintelligiblewithoutreferencetothetext.Explainallabbreviationsandsymbols.Foranycopyrightedmaterial,indicatethatpermissionhasbeenobtained(seePermissions,below).Typefigurelegendsconsecutivelyonaseparatesheetofpaper.Pleasenotethatthissectioniscomingwiththecontext,notwiththefigures.

sampleTables:

-

Abriefdescriptivetitleisrequired,eachevaluationshouldbeminimallyrepresented;-Providekeysforthoseappearedinyourtables,usekeysifthenameofevaluationistoolong;-ProvidedpvaluesforanycomparisonFigures:

-Ascleanaspossible,don’tpresentanyredundantstuffinfigures;-uselarge-sizedwordstoprovidedetailedindicationsforeachaxisandpossiblevalues;-Nolegendisrequiredinfigures;-ProvidestatisticalpvalueinfiguresifpossibleSupplementarydata:Presentdatawhichonlyprovideasasupportiverole.CONFLICTOFINTEREST:Itisimperativetoclaimtheconflictofinterest,whichisdefinedasthatthepublicationofthispaperwillbringcommercialbenefittoyou.Coverletter:Acoverletterwilltelleditorwhatisthemostinterestinginyourmanuscript,theimportantimplicationforyourfindings,clearanylawrelatedissues.sampleCopyrightPermissionRequestForm

sampleSubmissionOnlinesampleRejectRejectwithopportunitytoresubmitAcceptwithRevisionAcceptReviseamanuscript:-Reviseandre-submit:Nevergiveupevenwhentheeditortellyouto

submityourmanuscripttootherjournalifyoucanaddressthemajorityofissuesraisedbyreviewers,thejournalwillreconsideryourmanuscriptifyoucanaddsignificantadditionaldatain;Reviewermayaskformoredata：providedataasmuchasyoucan,butnotnecessaryforall;

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