高二英語(yǔ)測(cè)試報(bào)：U第三部分教案語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo)（牛津譯林版）

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精M4U1語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)是直接引述別人的原話，原話用有引號(hào)，而間接引語(yǔ)是引述別人的話，不用引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)的形式不變。例如：Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthemoment變成間接引語(yǔ)為Shesaysthatshe'llneverforgetthemoment.但是如引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)、地點(diǎn)、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。遵循下列規(guī)律：一、一般規(guī)律。在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodayyesterdaylastweektomorrownextyearTwodaysagoThenthatdaythedaybeforetheweekbeforethenextdaythenextyeartwodaysbefore地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)左進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化can/maymustcomebringcould/mighthadtogotake二、三要素。我們要很好地掌握直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，關(guān)鍵要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)——連接詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said,told，，等。例如：Hesaid：“I’veleftmybookinmyroom。"→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2）Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→Shesaidthathewouldbebusy。要素二：疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)。一般疑問(wèn)句后連接詞用if或whether,而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)只能用whether,引述動(dòng)詞用asked,沒(méi)有間接引語(yǔ)的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me，him等，例如:ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？"→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.Sheasked，“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”→Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis。（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞作連接詞，改為陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?"→TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.要素三：祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)——采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。told即askedsb.（not)todosth.orderedwarned注意:引語(yǔ)中的呼語(yǔ)可改成賓語(yǔ)。引語(yǔ)中的please去掉,動(dòng)詞改為ask1)Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime。"→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Themothersaid,“Tom，getupearly,please?！薄鶷hemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.三、“五不變”在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，還要注意以下五種不變的特殊情況。直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，諺（習(xí)）語(yǔ)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如:Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun?！薄鶷heteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect。"→Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.直接引語(yǔ)中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)話時(shí)情況仍然存在的,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)保持不變，例如：Theboysaidtous，“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday?！薄鶷heboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents?！鶫esaidtheyarestillstudents。3．直接引語(yǔ)如果有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變.例如：Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978。"→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."→Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967。4．直接引語(yǔ)中凡有When，since，while引導(dǎo)的從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”→HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus。→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr。Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob?！薄鶰r.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob。5．如果直接引語(yǔ)中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語(yǔ)從句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中的主從句時(shí)態(tài)都不變。例如：Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately?！鶫esaidthey(had）insistedthatshestartimmediately。Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”→Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce。另外，如果說(shuō)話人轉(zhuǎn)述自己的話,人稱則可不變。例如:Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”→ItoldhimIhadfinishe