高考英語人教版一輪課件語法專題13構(gòu)詞法

語法專題十三構(gòu)詞法-2-高考感悟考點歸納1.(2018·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)I’ma

(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

scientist

前面有冠詞a,所以此處要用單數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)后面的who可知,填scientist。2.(2018·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal

(globe)fertilizerconsumption.

global

此處修飾名詞短語fertilizer

consumption,其前需用形容詞修飾,故填global。-3-高考感悟考點歸納3.(2018·天津,單項填空)The

(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.

possibility

句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命這種可能性一直激勵著科學家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠刻?。根?jù)前面的the可知,所填的詞應是名詞形式。故填possibility。4.(2016·浙江,單項填空)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,

(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.

especially

句意:突然停住可能是很嚇人的經(jīng)歷,特別是如果你正在高速行駛的時候。這里用副詞修飾句子,強調(diào)尤其是在高速行駛時。-4-高考感悟考點歸納5.Someschoolswillhavetomake

(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

adjustments

動詞make之后應該接賓語,由于沒有冠詞,所以空格處應該填寫復數(shù)形式adjustments。句意:一些學校將不得不做出調(diào)整,以適應國家足球改革。6.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither___________(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.

personally

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填副詞并與through

their

companies構(gòu)成并列狀語。句意:他們親自或通過公司向敬老院捐款。-5-高考感悟考點歸納7.Itwas

(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.

considerate

句意:邁克爾想得很周到,他通知我們他耽擱的事情,以免我們擔心。considerate“考慮周詳?shù)?體貼的”,本句應用了句型“It

is/was

considerate

of

sb.to

do

sth.某人想得很周到,做了……”。8.Thegirlusedtobeshy,butis

(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.

gradually

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處需要副詞gradually來修飾動詞短語“getting

active”。句意:這個女孩過去很靦腆,但現(xiàn)在逐漸地積極參加集體活動,也更樂意表達自己了。-6-高考感悟考點歸納二一三構(gòu)詞法的種類

-7-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-8-高考感悟考點歸納合成法就是由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符“-”連接,有的直接連寫在一起,還有的分開寫。1.合成名詞二一三-9-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-10-高考感悟考點歸納2.合成形容詞

二一三-11-高考感悟考點歸納3.合成副詞

二一三-12-高考感悟考點歸納4.其他合成詞

二一三-13-高考感悟考點歸納轉(zhuǎn)化法就是一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性而詞形不變。二一三-14-高考感悟考點歸納派生法就是給一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。1.前綴二一三-15-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-16-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-17-高考感悟考點歸納2.后綴

二一三-18-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-19-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-20-高考感悟考點歸納二一三-21-ⅠⅡⅠ.單句填空1.The

(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoaccompanyhimandobserve.

successful

句意:這位成功的漁夫邀請長官來陪伴觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填詞位于名詞前做定語,故用形容詞。2.It’snotreally

(surprise)thatreadingbecamehervocation.

surprising

本句中的it指代后面that從句的內(nèi)容;根據(jù)句意用以修飾一件事情,所以使用動詞-ing形式轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞surprising

“令人驚訝的”做表語。-22-ⅠⅡ3.It’sso

(comfort)tobeinthatconditionofself-doubtorself-criticismandguilt.

uncomfortable

根據(jù)空后的self-doubt

or

self-criticism

and

guilt判斷前面應填

“不舒服的”,It’s后應用形容詞做表語,故填uncomfortable。4.Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasa

(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.

foggy

此處為形容詞做定語,修飾名詞day,故用foggy。5.Beforeweendthisprogram,let’stakea

(glance)atthesportsnewsbriefly.

glance

句意:在結(jié)束這個節(jié)目之前,讓我們簡要瀏覽一下體育新聞。-23-ⅠⅡ6.AccordingtoaUNreport,onethirdoftheworldpopulationhaveno

(access)tocleandrinkingwaterandhealthcare.

access

句意:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一則報告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干凈的飲用水,得不到好的醫(yī)療保健。7.Ican’ttellyouhowmuchthepreciouspaintingisworth,butitis

(rough)assessedat$100million.

roughly

句意:我沒法告訴你這幅珍貴的畫值多少錢,但是它大致可估價1億美元。roughly“粗略地”。8.Gettingupatnoonispartofhisroutine.Heleadsa(n)___________(regular)life.

irregular

從前面的Getting

up

at

noon可知,他的生活不規(guī)律,因此用regular的反義詞irregular。-24-ⅠⅡ9.Thenaughtyboyenteredtheclassroom

(caution),fearingthathisteacherwouldblamehim.

cautiously

句意:這個頑皮的男孩害怕老師會責備他,小心翼翼地走進教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”。10.Basketballcoacheswastenotimeinsearchingfor

(promise)youngplayersofgreatpotentialforbetterperformancesinthecomingseason.

promising

句意:為了下個賽季有更好的表現(xiàn),籃球教練員們抓緊時間去尋找有巨大潛力的年輕球員。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。-25-ⅠⅡ11.Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop,shesensedsomething

(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?

unusual

句意:當女售貨員走進商店的時候,她察覺到了異常的情況,可能有人進來過了嗎?這里用usual的反義詞unusual,表示“不尋常的”。12.Hisconfidencebuiltup

(gradual)ashegainedmoreandmoreexperienceinteaching.

gradually

句意:隨著教學經(jīng)驗的不斷增加,他的信心逐漸增強。gradually“逐漸地,漸漸地”。13.Afteralongandheateddiscussion,thefinal

(agree)wasarrivedatintheend.

agreement

句意:經(jīng)過長時間熱烈的討論,終于達成了最后協(xié)議。final是形容詞,其后要用名詞,故用agreement。-26-ⅠⅡ14.Althoughshebrushedtheoldpot

(thorough),shecouldnotmakeitcompletelyclean,whichmadeherveryupset.

thoroughly

句意:盡管她把這個舊罐子徹底清洗了,但還是沒有把它完全洗干凈,這讓她很心煩。根據(jù)句意可知應用thoroughly,表示“徹底地”,修飾brushed。15.Theriver

(wide)asitflows.

widens

句意:這條河越流越寬。句子缺少謂語,因此要用動詞。wide的動詞形式是widen,又因主語是the

river,因此用第三人稱單數(shù)widens。16.Itis

(evidence)thathehaslostthechanceofgoingabroadtostudy.

evident

句意:很明顯他失去了出國留學的機會。根據(jù)前面的is可知,所填的詞是形容詞形式,所以用evident。-27-ⅠⅡ17.Sincethe

(adopt)ofthenewworkingmethod,productionhasgoneup.

adoption

句意:自從采用新的工作方法以來,產(chǎn)量有所提高。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞是名詞形式,所以用adoption。18.Theweatheratthemomentisnot

(type)forJuly.

typical

句意:現(xiàn)在的天氣并不是七月份常有的。根據(jù)is可知,所填的詞是形容詞。19.Eachofusislikelytodevelopapersonal

(prefer)forcertaintypesofentertainment.

preference

句意:我們每個人都可能對某些娛樂產(chǎn)生偏愛。根據(jù)前面的a可知,所填的詞是名詞形式。-28-ⅠⅡ20.Agoodsalespersonhastobe

(aggression)intoday’shighlycompetitivemarket.

aggressive

句意:在當今競爭激烈的市場上,好的銷售員應該有進取精神。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞修飾名詞,所以用形容詞形式。-29-ⅠⅡⅡ.短文改錯(2018·湖北省重點高中聯(lián)考)Duringthevacation,Iquarrelledwithmymotherandthenwebegintooverlookeachother.Anyway,whenthatwastimeformetogobacktoschool,shewentuptomewithaboxofhomemadepancakeinherhand.Pattingmeonshoulder,shesaidgently,“Takethisoncaseyoufeelhungryonthetrain.Sweetheart,you’realwaysmygoodgirl.”Stillfeelingabitofangry,Irefusedherbutquietlyturnedaway.Hadnothingtodoonthetrain,Icouldn’t