中考英語語法復習之介詞和連詞專題講練

英語張老師專用講義介詞和連詞專題講練介詞介詞的概念介詞常置于名詞或代詞之前，表示該詞_________________________。一般在句中不_____________________。如：at,on,in,about,with,by等。考點一表示時間的介詞(1)at,in和onat:①表示具體的時刻。如：____________在六點鐘②表示一段較短的時間。如：____________在夜里,____________在正午.③表示人的年齡，常用短語attheageof...,如：attheageoften.在十歲的時候in:①常與上午、下午、晚上等詞連用。如：__________________在早上,__________________在下午.__________________在晚上②常與月份、季節(jié)、年份連用。如：__________在五月,__________在2020年.________________________________________在春/夏/秋/冬天,on:①常與星期連用。如：_________________________________________________________________.②常與日期連用，指具體到某一天。如：_____________________在2019年的五月一日.③常與表示具體的某一天上午、下午、晚上連用。如：_____________________在周五的早上 _____________________在一個下雨的下午_____________________在五月五日的晚上(2)from用來表示從某段時間開始的動作，常與to連用構(gòu)成短語“from…to…”譯為“從……到……”。如：Theyworkedinthefarm________________________________.他們從早到晚都在農(nóng)場工溫馨提示：from…to…還可以表示：從一個地方到另一個地方。如：Amessageisfromonecomputertoanother.(3)after指時間“在……以后”，后面接時間點或時間段均可。接時間段時，_______________；接時間點時，_____________________。如:____________________________________________幾天后他回來了。____________________________________________四點半以后我給你打電話。(4)till/until表示“到……為止，直到……之時，直至”，在肯定句中要用延續(xù)性動詞。如:___________________________________________________.你最好在床上呆到明天。Ishallwaituntilteno’clock.我將等到10點鐘。在否定句中，not…until…意為“直到…才…”，是連詞，用來引導一個時間狀語從句謂語動詞用短暫性動詞。如_______________________________________________________________昨天晚上直到11點鐘我才睡覺。(5)by表示“不遲于”(notlaterthan)，常與完成時連用。如:bythen到那時，bynow到目前為止TheyhadseenfourEnglishfilmsbytheendoflastnight.到昨天晚上為止他們已經(jīng)看過四部英語電影。(6)before指時間“在……以前”，后面一般接時間點。如:IwillgettoAustralia___________________我將于周五之前到達澳大利亞。(7)during表示“在……期間”，強調(diào)“自始至終”。如:_______________________________________，heaskedalotofquestions.在那三個月期間，他問了許多問題?？键c2：表地點與位置的介詞(1).at和in的區(qū)別：at后接小地方，in接大地方。如：IliveinBeijingwhilehelivesatasmallvillageinYunnan.我住在北京，而他住在云南的一個小村子里。(2).in,on和to的區(qū)別:in表示兩個地方是______________(即一個小地方屬于大地方管轄)；on表示兩個地方________________(即兩個地方是連接在一起的);to表示兩個地方________________(即兩個地方中間是隔開的)。如：Guangdongis__________________________.廣東在中國南部。(廣東屬于中國的一問部分)Guangdonglies_________________________.廣東在廣西的東部。(廣東廣西是連接在一起的)Chinais________________________________.中國在日本的西部。(中國日本隔海相望)(3).across,through,over的區(qū)別：across指_____________；through指____________________；over指_____________。如：Theoldman__________________theroadcarefully.老人小心地從路面上走過。Thesunlightwentintotheroom____________________.陽光透過窗戶進入房間。Look,abirdis____________________thetallbuilding.看，一只小鳥正飛過高樓。(4).infrontof與inthefrontof的區(qū)別:infrontof________________________；inthefrontof____________________。如：Thereisatalltree____________________________在我屋前有一顆大樹。(樹在屋外)Canyouseethedesk________________________?你能看見在教室前面的桌子嗎？(桌子在教室里面)(5).inthewall與onthewall;inthetree與onthetree的區(qū)別：inthewall指在墻里面；onthewall指在墻表面；inthetree指在________________；onthetree指_____________________等。如：Thereisawindow_______thewall.墻上有個窗戶(窗戶在墻里面)。Abeautifulpictureishung________thewall.一幅漂亮的畫被掛在墻上(畫在墻的表面)。Tomputabag______theappletreeandthenhepickedtheapples______thetree.(6).考點2專練：用at,in,on,to,across,through,over,infrontof,inthefrontof填空1.Iwillarrive______theairport______LondonnextWednesday.2.Hunanis_______thesouthofChina.Butit’s______thesouthofHubeiand______thenorthofHainan.3.Thereisabridge_______theriver.Andheoftenwalks_______thebridgetoplaywithhisfriends.4.Atlasthewalked_______theforestandsawavillage.5.Canyouseetheoranges______thetree?Justpickthemandputthem_____thebag_____thetree.考點3.其他常用的介詞：(1).in與with的區(qū)別：兩者都表示“用…”,in后接__________/___________/_________等，且in和后面的名詞之間一般沒有其他詞；with接具體手段與工具。且with與后面的名詞之間一般有其他詞。如：Hetoldusthestory______________.他用英語給我們講故事。(in后直+English,中間沒其他詞)Pleasecolorthiscloth_____________.請把這塊布染成紅色。Katewrotealetter_______________.凱特用墨水寫了這封信。Hehitmywindow______________.他用石頭砸我的窗。(with和stone中間有詞a)(2).表交通方式的介詞:一般情況下用by+交通工具的單數(shù)名詞。要是介詞與交通工具的名詞間有限定詞，則介詞不能用by,要用相應的in或者on。具體如下：bybus=on…bus;bybike=on…bike;byplane=on…plane;bytrain=on…train;byship=on…ship;byboat=in…boat;bycar=in…car;bysubway=in…subway。如：(3).with和without:with表示“和…一起，具有…”等意思，without則表示“沒有”等意思，與with相反。如：Chinaisacountry_______________________中國是一個歷史悠久的國家Iwanttogotothepark_________________.我想和你去公園。Fishwilldie______________________________沒有水魚就會死。連詞一、概念：起連接_______________________________________________作用的詞，是一種虛詞，不獨立充當句子成分。二、分類:-1并列連詞：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系并列連詞：but，and，or，so并列連詞短語：neither...nor...，either...or...，notonly...butalso...，both...and...-2從屬連詞：當..的時候；在...之前/之后；自從；一...就從屬連詞：*表讓步：__________________，eventhough／if，whenever，whatever*表時間：________________，as，before，after，until／till，since，assoonas*表原因：____________________________.*表條件：____________________________.*表方式：as，asif／though*表結(jié)果：____________________________.*表目的：____________________________.考點一并列連詞和并列連詞短語并列關(guān)系_____________和；與IlikeKobeandYaoMing._____________..···和···都BothTomandJimareinChina._____________...不但···而且····-NotonlyyoubutalsoBillisfromtheUSA._____________既不······也不······-NeitherNicknorAnnlikesthebook.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系_____________但是-Ifailed，butIwon’tgiveup._____________然而-Ilikespring,whileTomlikeswinter.因果關(guān)系_____________因為-Tomisn'therebecauseheisill._____________因此；所以-Ilikethebook,soIwillbuyit.選擇關(guān)系_____________或者-Doyoulikeapplesorpears?_____________..或者···或者···-EitheryouorTomisright，【拓展】（1）“祈使句＋or＋結(jié)果句”與“Ifyoudon’t．．．，you’ll...”同義，其中or意為“否則”。-Hurryup，oryouwillbelate.＝Ifyouhurryup，youwon’tbelate.＝___________________________________________________如果不快點，你就會遲到了。（2）but意為“但是”，用來表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，注意它不能與_____________連用。-Iwanttohelpyou,butIreallydon'tknowwhattodo.-Hetriedhardtocatchupwithothers,buthefailed.（3）so意為“所以；因此”，用來表示因果關(guān)系，注意它不能與______/______/_______連用。-Itwasverylate,sowedecidedtogohome.-Therainbegantofall,sowehadtofindaplacetostayin.（4）for意為“因為”，表示原因，主要用來進行補充說明，沒有因果關(guān)系。-Imustbeoffnow,foritsrathercoldoutside.-Isoonfellasleep，forIwastired.我很快就睡著了，因為我太累了。（5）notonly．．．butalso．．．，neither．．．nor．．．和either...or...連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與__________________________；both...and...連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要用_________________；而aswellas連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞_____________在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致。1._______Tom_______Timisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Either;or B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Notonly;butalso2.Wegotsowet．Wehad_______umbrellas_______raincoatswithus!A.either;or B.both;and C.neither;nor D.notonly;butalso3.ReadthebookCutePets，_______youwillknowhowtotakecareofyourcat.A.or B.so C.and D.but4.-Hurryup，dear！_______wewon'tcatchupwiththetrain.-Don'tworry!Timeisstillenough_______wecanmakeit.A.And;or B.Or;but C.And;but D.Or;and考點二從屬連詞時間when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,assoonas-IwaswatchingTVwhenshecameback.地點where,wherever-Bobwouldliketogowhereverhelikes.原因as,because,since-Heisn'tatschoolbecauseheisill.目的sothat,inorderthat-IcameheresothatIcanseeher.結(jié)果so/such...that...-It'ssuchagoodmoviethatI'dliketoseeitagain.條件if,unless-Wewon'tgiveitupunlesswerunoutoftime.讓步although/though,eventhough,however,whatever-Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalotaboutChina.比較than,as...as...-Mycousinisasoldasme.方式as習題鞏固1.Allofushelpedtocleanuptheoldpeople’shome________Eric.Hehadabadcold.A.besides B.against C.except D.with2.—Ithinkwashinghandseverydayisgood________ourhealth.—Yes,Iagree________you!A.to;to B.with;to C.for;with D.at;with3.Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmates_______ourwaytoschool.A.on B.at C.in D.under4.—ShallIhelpyou thestreet,Grandpa?—No,thanks.Icanmanageitmyself.A.on B.with C.across D.along5.—Look,thereisacutebird,Mom.—Itflewintoourkitchenthewindowjustnow,Alex.A.across B.through C.above D.under6.—Howstrange!Yousitinyourroomforalongtime,LiMing.—Ijustwanttobequietforawhile.I’msorry,Dad.Ifailedthetestagain.A.insilence B.inperson C.inpublic D.infact7.MostofthevillagerstookpartintheDragonBoatraces9:00a.m.themorningofJune7.A.at;in B.on;on C.on;in D.at;on8.—Shallwestopandwaitforothers?—Soundsgood.Ithinktheywillcatchup______afewminutes.A．during B．a(chǎn)fter C．for D．in9.________Jane________herbrotherisgoingtothemoviesthisweekend.Oneofthemhastostayathometolookaftertheirsickmother.A.Neither;nor B.Either;or C.Both;and D.Notonly;butalso10.—Marydoesn’tlikefish________chicken—Bendoesn’tlikefish,________helikeschickenverymuch.A.and;but B.or;but C.or,and D.and;or11.Nobodycanhearyou________youspeakinaloudervoice.A.unless B.if C.when D.after12.—IthinkIamtheshyestinmyclass.WhatshouldIdo?—Bemoreactiveinclass,________youcanimproveyourabilitytoexpressyourself.A.sothat B.unless C.or D.although13.—What’sthesecretofsuccess,Dr.Know?—Moretimeandeffort,__________you’llmakeitsomeday.A.yet B.or C.and D.but14.—What’stheweatherlikeinKunming,Lucy?—It’shotcold.SoKunmingiscalled＂theSpringCity＂.A.neither;nor B.notonly;butalso C.either;or D.both;and15.—Jim,let’sgoouttoplaybasketball.—Oh,Iwon’tdothat___Ifinishmyhomework.A.if B.until C.because D.since16.Youneedtopracticespeakingeveryday________youhopetoimproveyourspokenEnglish.A.if B.although C.unless D.until17.Ilovetolistentorockmusic________Iamrunning.A.while B.after C.since D.until18.Wewereluckyyesterday.Thebusleft________wegotonit.A.before B.although C.until D.assoonas19.Ourheadmasterasksustowatchnewseveryday________wecanfindoutwhat'sgoingonaroundtheworld.A.sothat B.eventhough C.inorderto D.insteadof20.Theteacherstillspokeveryloudly________hehadasorethroat.A.sothat B.assoonas C.aslongas D.eventhough易錯通關(guān)1.【江蘇省淮安市】Ourschoolbasketballteamwillwinthenextmatch_________theypractisemore.A.if B.before C.though D.while2.【上海市】Vivianwilltakeherdaughtertotheamusementpark________shegetsthetickets．A．if B．until C．a(chǎn)lthough D．unless3.【無錫市】IthinkthecoffeebeansarefromBrazil,________I’mnotcompletelysure.A.because B.since C.though D.whether4.【徐州市】We’renotveryclosefriends________we’veknowneachotherforalongtime.A.until B.although C.as D.if5.【揚州市】Lucyheldherheaduplikeaqueen________Billwastellinghistale.A.after B.before C.while D.until6.【鎮(zhèn)江市】MyparentsgaveredpacketstomycousineverySpringFestival___________shegotajob,becauseshesaidshewasabletomakemoney.A.after B.when C.until D.since7.【江西省】Itwasgreatintheend________wehadaterribletimeatthebeginning.A.if B.unless C.when D.although8.【沈陽市】_______Simonhasdonewellinhisstudies,hestillworksreallyhard.A.Since B.If C.Although D.Unless9.【鐵嶺葫蘆島】________sheisveryyoung,shecantakegoodcareofherself.A.If B.Unless C.Since D.Although10.【青海省】Iwasstillfeelinghungry________Ihadeatensomesandwiches.A.so B.though C.since11.【青島市】InChinesefamilies,peoplewon'tstartdinner________theelderstaketheirseats.A.after B.when C.because D.until12.【山東日照】________thetrafficwasheavy,westillgottotherailwaystationontime.A.As B.Unless C.When D.Although13.【山西省】Swimmingis,ofcourse,interesting.But________weplantogoswimming,beingsafemustcomefirst.A.though B.when C.unless14.【云南省】—Excuseme.Whereisthenearesthotel?—Justgodownthisroad________youseealibrary.It’sacrossfromit.A.until B.because C.however D.though15.【安徽省】OurEnglishteacherisniceandpatientsheisverystrictwithus.A．if B．a(chǎn)s C．unless D．though16.【福建省】InsomecitiesofChina,you'llgetfined________youdon'twalkalongthecrosswalkwhilecrossingtheroad.A．if B．though C．until課后作業(yè)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞（含縮略詞）。1.Hewenttosleepaftereleveno'clock.He___________gotosleep___________eleveno'clock.2.Putonyourcoat,andyou'llfeelverywarm.___________youputonyourcoat,___________feelverywarm.3.Heistootiredtogoanyfarther.Heis___________tired___________hecan'tgoanyfarther.4.Iwillopentheboxifyoudon'tletmeknowwhat'sinit.Iwillopenthebox_________