寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2004年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院312基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2005年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院312基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2006年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院312基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2007年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院608基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2008年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院608基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2009年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院608基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2010年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院608基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2013年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2014年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2015年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2016年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2017年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2018年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2019年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院661基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2004年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院312基

礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.EnglishPhonetics(20points)

Instructions:Givethephonetictranscriptionsofthefollowingwordsorwrite

outthewordsaccordingtothegivenphonetictranscriptionsontheAnswer

Sheet.Remembertomarkoutthestressedsyllableofeachofthephonetic

transcriptions.

1.introduction

【答案】/?ntr??d?k?n/

2.distill

【答案】/d??st?l/

3.doctorate

【答案】/?d?kt?r?t/

4.envoy

【答案】/?env??/

5.duration

【答案】/dju?re??n/

6.counselor

【答案】/?ka?ns?l?/

7.embassy

【答案】/?emb?si/

8.ample

【答案】/??mpl/

9.sinologist

【答案】/sa??nɑ?l?d??st/

10.archaeological

【答案】/?ɑ?k???l?d??k?l/

11./pik?tεri?l/

【答案】pictorial

12./pri?si:di?/

【答案】preceding

13./??rei/

【答案】array

14./?r?ut?ri/

【答案】rotary

15./?l?nd?itju:d/

【答案】longitude

16./m?g?netik/

【答案】magnetic

17./?n?tikw?ti/

【答案】antiquity

18./??uvi?nistik/

【答案】chauvinistic

19./k?m?peli?/

【答案】compelling

20./?f?:nis/

【答案】furnace

Ⅱ.ErrorDetectionandCorrection(20points)

Instructions:Thereare20errorsconcerningspelling,diction,punctuationand

grammarinthefollowingpassage.Underlineeachofthemandcorrectitin

thecorrespondingnumberedblankontheAnswerSheet.

Thebasicissueistheproposalthatrepresentationfunctionbymeansofa

dual-modesystem,withaccesstorulesandexemplars.Botharefeasable,but

howtheyexist,orrather,coexist,foranyparticularforeignlanguagelearner

willdependonarangoffactors—contextoflearning,natureofinstruction,

individualdifferencesandsoon.Therule-basedsystemisliketobe

parsimoniouslyandelegantlyorganized,withrulesbeencompactly

structured.Theywilldrawinturnuponlexicalelements(themselveswell

organizedinalexicon)ifnecessary.Sucharule-basedsystemislikelytobe

generating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheirapplication,andsopreciseinthe

meaningsthattheycanexpress.Itisalsolikelytoberestructurable,having

newrulesreplacingorsubsumingoldrules,andthenfunctioningefficiently

asanextendingsystem.Suchmodeofrepresentationisalsolikelytobeless

sensitivetofeedbacksincetheprecisionandsystemwhichacountsforrule-

organizationwillmakethefeedbackmoreinformative.Inessencial,then,the

rule-basedsystemprioritizesanalyzabilily.Butofcourse,allthesegainsare

achievedinoneconsiderablecost:theiroperationwillleadaheavy

processingburdenduringgoingonlanguageuse.Rulesneedcomplex

processesofconstructiontounderpintheiroperation,whichtheunitsfrom

whichtheyarecomposedarenecessarilysmall,andrequiredetailattention

duringcomprehensionandassemblyduringproduction.Thisisresource

draining,andlikely,inthecaseofthesecondlanguagelearner,tohave

capacity-stretchingdifficulties.Asresult,thismodeofcommunicationmay

needsupportivecircumstancesforittobefeasible.

【答案與解析】

Thebasicissueistheproposalthatrepresentation(21)functionbymeansofa

dual-modesystem,withaccesstorulesandexemplars.Bothare(22)feasable,

buthowtheyexist,orrather,coexist,foranyparticularforeignlanguage

learnerwilldependona(23)rangoffactors(24)—contextoflearning,nature

ofinstruction,individualdifferencesandsoon.Therule-basedsystemis

(25)liketobeparsimoniouslyandelegantlyorganized,withrulesbeen

compactlystructured.Theywilldrawin(26)turnuponlexicalelements

(themselveswellorganizedinalexicon)ifnecessary.Sucharule-based

systemislikelytobe(27)generating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheir

(28)application(29),andsopreciseinthemeaningsthattheycanexpress.It

isalsolikelytoberestructurable,havingnewrulesreplacingorsubsuming

oldrules,andthen(30)functioningefficientlyasanextendingsystem.Such

modeofrepresentationisalsolikelytobelesssensitiveto(31)feedback

(32)sincetheprecisionandsystemwhich(33)acountsforrule-organization

willmakethefeedbackmoreinformative.In(34)essencial,then,therule-

basedsystemprioritizes(35)analyzabilily.Butofcourse,allthesegainsare

achieved(36)inoneconsiderablecost:theiroperationwillleadaheavy

processingburdenduring(37)goingonlanguageuse.Rulesneedcomplex

processesofconstructiontounderpintheiroperation,whichtheunits

(38)fromwhichtheyarecomposedarenecessarilysmall,andrequiredetail

attentionduringcomprehensionandassembly(39)duringproduction.Thisis

resourcedraining,andlikely,inthecaseofthesecondlanguagelearner,to

havecapacity-stretchingdifficulties.(40)Asresult,thismodeof

communicationmayneedsupportivecircumstancesforittobefeasible.

21.function→functions

（representation為單數(shù)形式，此處因?yàn)槭莂nd后的完整句子所以function作

動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)加s。）

22.feasable→feasible

（feasible意為“可行的，可能的”，并沒(méi)有feasable這個(gè)單詞，此處是拼寫(xiě)

錯(cuò)誤。）

23.rang→range

（arangeof意為“一系列；一些”沒(méi)有arangof這種搭配。）

24.—→:

（此題是有關(guān)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的問(wèn)題，破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)二者都可以表示總分，但

表示的總說(shuō)和分說(shuō)的關(guān)系不同。若分說(shuō)部分是對(duì)總說(shuō)的分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明或列舉

時(shí)，則用冒號(hào)；若分說(shuō)部分是對(duì)總說(shuō)的解釋，則應(yīng)用破折號(hào)。此處為分

項(xiàng)列舉，故應(yīng)使用冒號(hào)。）

25.like→likely

（根據(jù)意思此處應(yīng)為belikelyto，并且后文使用了好幾個(gè)belikelyto，like

也不能直接接在is和to之間，所以此處應(yīng)改為likely。）

26.turn→turns

（inturns意為輪流，是多人間的輪流，所以此處錯(cuò)誤。）

27.generating→generative

（此處因?yàn)橐詓ystem為主語(yǔ)，所以無(wú)法使用generating，有根據(jù)后面的

creative和precise可知此處應(yīng)該也是形容system的形容詞，故改為

generative。）

28.application→applications

（前面使用的是their由此可知此處的應(yīng)用應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以此題選

applications。）

29.去掉“,”

（此處的逗號(hào)應(yīng)去掉，在這個(gè)句子“Sucharule-basedsystemislikelytobe

generating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheirapplication,andsopreciseinthe

meaningsthattheycanexpress.”中and后面的句子與前面的beingcreative

所在句子為并列關(guān)系，而此處這個(gè)逗號(hào)可能使人誤以為此處的and與

such所在主句相連，所以應(yīng)去除此處的逗號(hào)。）

30.functioning→functions

（此處and應(yīng)連接兩個(gè)并列句，所以后句應(yīng)改為完整的句子，故function

做動(dòng)詞。）

31.feedback→feedbacks

（feedback為可數(shù)名詞，在此處既沒(méi)有冠詞也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)，是不能單獨(dú)拿出

來(lái)的，應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。）

32.since→because

（since講原因的時(shí)候一般在句首引導(dǎo)從句，所以此處使用because更

好。）

33.acounts→accounts

（acount為名詞，在此處意思和用法都不搭，此處應(yīng)使用accountfor意

為“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。）

34.essencial→essence

（essencial沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞，而且此處使用固定搭配inessence。）

35.analyzabilily→analyzability

（analyzabilily的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)為analyzability。）

36.in→at

（此處考查固定搭配atthecost意為“以……為代價(jià)”。）

37.goingon→going-on

（goingon做形容詞時(shí)中間要加連字符。）

38.from→of

（此處考查固定搭配，becomposedof意為“由……組成”。）

39.during→in

（during更強(qiáng)調(diào)于時(shí)間上的跨度，inproduction才是說(shuō)“在生產(chǎn)中”。）

40.Asresult→Asaresult

（此處考查固定搭配，asaresult意為“因此”。）

Ⅲ.Cloze(20points)

Instructions:Fillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingpassagewithaproper

wordorphrasewhichbestcompletesthesentence.

WhenIreturnedtoCambridgein1948theprojectofScienceandCivilization

inChinabeganinearnest,withthehelpofmyfirstcollaboratorWangQing-

Ning.AlthoughIwasstillSirWilliamDunnReaderinBiochemistry,and

41._____hadagoodmanylecturestogivetotheadvancedstudents,we

made42._____progress,andthefirstvolumeoftheseriescameoutin1954.

43._____backatitnow,Ifeelthatinataskofthissortitisveryimportant

44._____toknowtoomuch,butyettobeinpossessionofaboundless

enthusiasmfortheChinesepeopleandtheirachievementsovertheages.

Now45._____fifteenvolumeshavebeenpublished,andthewhole46.

_____isexpectedtoconsistofatleasttwenty-five,sowehavecomealong

waysincewe47._____.

Andgraduallywhatacaveofglitteringtreasureswasopenedup!Myfriends

amongtheoldergenerationofsinologistshadthoughtthatweshouldfind

nothing—buthow48._____theywere.Oneafteranother,extraordinary

inventionsanddiscoveriesclearlyappearedinChineseliterature,

archeologicalevidenceorpictorialwitness,often,indeedgenerally,long

precedingtheparalleloradopted,inventionsanddiscoveriesof49._____.

Whetheritwasthearrayofbinomialcoefficients,orthestandardmethodin

interconversionofrotaryandlongitudinalmotion,orthefirstofall

clockworkescapements,ortheplowshareofmalleablecastiron,orthe

beginningsofgeobotanyandsoilscience,orthefindingofsmallpox

inoculation—whereveronelookedtherewas“first”after“50._____”.

FrancisBaconhadselectedthreeinventions,paperandprinting,gunpowder,

andthemagneticcompass,whichhaddonemore,hethought,thanany

religiousconviction,51._____anyastrologicalinfluence,oranyconqueror’s

achievements,totransformcompletelythemodemworldandmarkit52.

_____fromantiquityandtheMiddleAges.Heregardedtheoriginsofthese

inventionsas“obscureandinglorious”andhedied53._____everknowing

thatallofthemwereChinese.Wehavedoneour54._____toputthisrecord

straight.

ChauvinisticWesterners,ofcourse,alwaystrytominimizethe55._____of

EuropetoChinain56._____andtheMiddleAges,butoftenthe

circumstantialevidenceiscompelling.57._____thefirstblastfurnacesfor

castironnowknowntobeScandinavianofthelateeighteenthcenturyAD,

areofcloselysimilarformtothoseofthepreviouscenturyin58._____

whileaslateastheseventeenthcenturyallthemagneticcompassesof

surveyorsandastronomerspointedsouth,notthenorth,just59._____the

compassesofChinahadalwaysdone.Inmanycases,however,wecannotas

yetdetectthecapillarychannelsthroughwhichknowledgewasconveyed

fromEasttoWest.Neverthelesswehavealwaysadaptedtheveryreasonable

assumptionthatthelongerthetimeelapsingbetweentheappearanceofa

discoveryorinventioninonepartoftheworld,anditsappearancelateronin

someotherpartoftheworldfaraway,60._____likelyisitthatthenew

tilingwasindependentlyinventedordiscovered.

【答案與解析】

41.he

（although后面有兩個(gè)分句，第一句說(shuō)的是我，主句里面又說(shuō)的是我們，

所以第二個(gè)分句應(yīng)該說(shuō)有關(guān)他的事情，所以填he。）

42.great

（前面分句說(shuō)了我和他的各種不方便之處，盡管如此我們最終還是出版

了這本書(shū)，所以說(shuō)是取得了很大的進(jìn)展。）

43.Looking

（根據(jù)句意，此處主要講述作者在多年后回顧當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，使用look

back。）

44.not

（后面的toomuch一般跟的都是否定的內(nèi)容，并且后句還有butyet的轉(zhuǎn)

折，所以此處填not更為合理。）

45.after

（已經(jīng)有15卷出版了，那就是說(shuō)在這15卷出版之后。）

46.set

（總共想要出版25卷，這樣為一套書(shū)，所以用set。）

47.started

（此處since后面要跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，作者一直在感慨自從開(kāi)始寫(xiě)這些書(shū)之后的

成就，所以此處應(yīng)該是“在我們開(kāi)始之后”。）

48.surprised

（前句說(shuō)了其他人是多么的不相信，然后用一個(gè)but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，可見(jiàn)他們

是很震驚。）

49.theWest

（根據(jù)后面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，中國(guó)的發(fā)明總是比西方的早，所以此處填西

方，theWest。）

50.first

（此處指前文提到的這些發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)明中國(guó)要比西方早。）

51.or

（三項(xiàng)相并列，后一分句用的or，此處應(yīng)該與之保持一致。）

52.away

（那些發(fā)明標(biāo)志著它與中世紀(jì)相不同，awayfromit。）

53.without

（根據(jù)句意培根到死都不知道這些東西是中國(guó)的，所以此處填

without。）

54.best

（根據(jù)句意我們盡了最大努力去改正這些記錄，盡最大努力，tryour

best。）

55.inferiority

（前后文說(shuō)到雖然西方好多發(fā)明都是在中國(guó)之后，但是西方的沙文主義

是不會(huì)承認(rèn)自已遜于中國(guó)的。inferiorto意為“遜于”。）

56.antiquity

（文章第3段第一句話中有過(guò)antiquity與theMiddleAges的搭配，所以應(yīng)

填antiquity。）

57.Forinstance

（前文說(shuō)到間接證據(jù)是令人信服的，后面就提到了許多例子，所以此處

應(yīng)該使用表示例子的短語(yǔ)。）

58.China

（又是描述的西方和中國(guó)發(fā)明的差異，中國(guó)的不知道比他們?cè)缌硕嗌?/p>

年，所以此處填中國(guó)。）

59.as

（根據(jù)句意正如中國(guó)的指南針一直那樣做的，正如，justas。）

60.themore

（此處考查常用句型themore...themore，意思為“越……越……”）

Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Instructions:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Thetypesofthe

questionsvarygreatly.Soreadtheinstructionscarefullybeforeyoucope

withthequestions.RemembertowriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

TheFutureoftheGrizzlyBear

A.Grizzlybears(UrsusArctos)aredistributedaroundtheNorthern

Hemisphere,buttheirmajorhabitatisNorthAmerica.Thereareonlyabout

58,000left,morethanhalfinAlaska.Thereweremorethantwicethat

numberlivingintherestofthecontinenttwocenturiesago,butby1975

thesehadbeenreducedtofewerthan1,000,andlistedasathreatened

species.However,numbersinsomeareasappeartohavestabilizedandmay

bereboundingslightly,bringingthetotaltoabout1,100.

B.Apartfromnotbeingkilled,thebears’mainrequirementsarelotsofroom

andlotsoffood.Theirdietisveryvariedandtheydevouralmostanysource

ofnutrition,astheyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearlyhalfayear

whilehibernatinginaden.Sotheyarenotfussyeaters.Salmon,whichthey

catchwithgreatskillinroaringrivers,isafavorite,butgrizzliesalsoeatelk

andotherdeer,hornetlarva,rootsandbulbs,gophers,horsesandhorse

fodder,andevendamsduguponbeaches.

C.Overthewinter,alargegrizzlycanlose150pounds,whichneedstobe

replaced.Sizeandbodyfataffecthowmanycubsafemaleproduces.For

males,gettingbigmeanscompetingmoresuccessfullyformates.Observers

havecalculatedthatagrizzlycaneat2,500mothsanhour,and48,000aday.

Amonthofsuchsteadyfeastingcouldfulfillnearlyhalfabear’senergy

requirementsforayear.

D.Althoughhuntingdecimatedthegrizzlypopulationinthepast,sharpcurbs

havebeenputonbothcommercialandsporthuntinginNorthAmerica’s

wildernessareas.Abiggerproblemforthegrizzliesistherestrictionoftheir

habitatsbyroadbuilding,bothhighwaysandloggingroadsinforests.A

femalegrizzlywillroaminanarea50to300squaremiles,whileamale

grizzlycanforageinterritoryofupto1,000squaremiles.Thebearswill

seldomcrossahighway,nomatterhowunfrequented,andsolocal

governmentshaveerectedspecial“wildlifeoverpasses”toencouragethemto

continuetheirnormalwanderings.

E.Grizzliesperformausefulserviceforthewell-beingoftheecological

environment,accordingtoscientists.Astheydigintheground,theirclaws

turnoverthesoil,releasingscarcenitrogenandallowingwildseedstolodge.

Vegetationsuchasglacierliliesgrowbetterandproducesmoreseedsin

swathsdugbybears.Thebears,too,caneatandspreadseedsfromasmany

as70,000berriesaday.InthecoastalforestsofthewestcoastsoftheU.S.

andCanada,wheretheriversarerichinsalmon,itisgrizzlieswhichmake

possiblethegrowthofwhatecologistscall“salmontrees”.Asthefishfight

theirwayupstream,transportingtonsofnutrientsharvestfromtheoceans,

grizzliescarrythatbountyacrosstheforestfloorintheformofurine,feces

andleft-overfishcarcasses.Thesenutrients,togetherwiththenitrogenthat

thegrizzliesscratchupfromthesoil,enablethe“salmontrees”togrow60

percentfaster.Overthecenturies,grizzlieshavethushelpedtoproducethe

temperaterainforestswithgiantconifers,abletoproducemorebio-massper

acrethantropicalrainforests.

F.Tosolvetheproblemofshrinkinggrizzlypopulations,wildlifemanagers

arebeginningtolookbeyondthetraditionalbordersofthenationalparks.

TheYellowstonetoYukon(Y2Y)ConservationInitiativeisajointeffortby

morethan200U.S.andCanadianorganizations.Itaimstoconnectallthe

wildareasalongtheRockyMountainschain.Indeed,somescientiststhink

thatthelong-termsurvivalofisolatedgrizzlypopulationsmaywelldepend

onthecreationofsuchlinkagezones,narrowstripsofbear-friendlyhabitats

thatwouldrestoreconnectionsbetweentheseendangeredanimals,inNorth

America.

Questions61-64

Instructions:ThispassagehassixparagraphsA-F.Whichparagraphcontains

thegiveninformationineachquestion.WritetheappropriateletterA-Fthat

matcheseachofthegivenquestionsonyourAnswerSheet.Therearemore

paragraphsthansummaries,soyouwillnotincludethemall.

61.U.S.A.andCanadianeffortsmayensurethesurvivalofthegrizzlies.

62.Thepresentsituationofthegrizzlypopulation.

63.Thegrizzliesareanimportantcomponentoftheecosystem.

64.Grizzlieseatawiderangeoffoods.

【答案與解析】

61.F從文章F段中的“TheYellowstonetoYukon(Y2Y)Conservation

Initiativeisajointeffortbymorethan200U.S.andCanadian

organizations.”得出答案。

62.A根據(jù)A段內(nèi)容，主要講了灰熊現(xiàn)存數(shù)目，以及曾經(jīng)的數(shù)目。

63.E根據(jù)E段中“Grizzliesperformausefulserviceforthewell-beingofthe

ecologicalenvironment,accordingtoscientists.”可得出答案。

64.BB段最后“grizzliesalsoeatelkandotherdeer,hornetlarva,rootsand

bulbs,gophers,horsesandhorsefodder,andevendamsdugupon

beaches.”顯示出了灰熊吃的食物種類(lèi)非常多。

Questions65-69

Instructions:Choosethebestoptiontocompleteeachofthefollowing

statements.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.

65.Mostgrizzlieslivein_____.

A.theNorthernHemisphere

B.UrsusArctos

C.Alaska

D.NorthAmerica

66.Tohelpsolvetheproblemofencroachmentongrizzlies’habitats,_____.

A.curbshavebeenputonhunting

B.“wildlifeoverpasses”havebeenerected

C.roadsarenolongerbuiltinforests

D.highwaysaremorefrequented

67.Grizzlieseatwhatevernutritiontheycanfindbecause______.

A.theyarenotfuzzyeatersandtheyliketoeateverything

B.theyparticularlylikesalmonbuttheycanalsotakeotherfoods

C.theyonlyneedtoeatsteadilyforamonth

D.theyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearlyhalfayear

68.Grizzliesassistthegrowthofvegetationby_______.

A.spreadingseeds

B.catchingsalmon

C.eatingmoths

D.breakingthetalltrees

69.Thefunctionofthelinkagezonesisto_______.

A.promoteCanada-U.S.A.cooperation

B.expandtheareaofYellowstoneNationalPark

C.restoreconnectionsbetweengrizzlyhabitats

D.expandthehorizonsofwildlifemanagers

【答案與解析】

65.D根據(jù)文章第1段第一句話“Grizzlybears(UrsusArctos)aredistributed

aroundtheNorthernHemisphere,buttheirmajorhabitatisNorth

America.”可知灰熊主要棲息地是北美。此題選D。

66.B根據(jù)第4段最后一句話“Thebearswillseldomcrossahighway,no

matterhowunfrequented,andsolocalgovernmentshaveerectedspecial

‘wildlifeoverpasses’toencouragethemtocontinuetheirnormal

wanderings.”可知政府建立“wildlifeoverpasses”來(lái)解決灰熊棲息地的問(wèn)

題，故此題選B。A選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)內(nèi)容是解決灰熊數(shù)目減少的方法之一，不

符合題意。C，D是對(duì)第4段的錯(cuò)誤理解，故不選。

67.D根據(jù)第2段第二句話“Theirdietisveryvariedandtheydevouralmost

anysourceofnutrition,astheyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearly

halfayearwhilehibernatinginaden.”可知此題選D。

68.A第5段中間部分“Thebears,too,caneatandspreadseedsfromasmany

as70,000berriesaday.”可知灰熊會(huì)幫助種子的傳播，所以A正確。BC選

項(xiàng)為灰熊會(huì)做的事情但是與幫助植物發(fā)展無(wú)關(guān)。D選項(xiàng)未提及，不選。

69.C根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Indeed,somescientiststhinkthatthelong-

termsurvivalofisolatedgrizzlypopulationsmaywelldependonthecreation

ofsuchlinkagezones,narrowstripsofbear-friendlyhabitatsthatwould

restoreconnectionsbetweentheseendangeredanimals,inNorthAmerica.”可

知此題選C。

Questions70-73

Instructions:Completeeachofthefollowingstatementsusingawordor

phrasefromtheboxbelow.Therearemorewordsandphrasesgiven,soyou

willnotusethemall.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.

70.By1975,thegrizzlyhadbecome______.

71.Sizeandbodyfatcandeterminethenumberof______.

72.Treesfertilizedbyfishremainsarecalled______.

73.Y2Ywillfollowthe______.

【答案與解析】

70.fewerthan1,000

（根據(jù)文章第1段第三句話“butby1975thesehadbeenreducedtofewer

than1,000”可知此題答案。）

71.cubs

（從第3段第二句話“Sizeandbodyfataffecthowmanycubsafemale

produces.”可知體型和身體脂肪會(huì)影響雌性產(chǎn)下多少只幼崽。）

72.salmontrees

（從文章第五段“itisgrizzlieswhichmakepossiblethegrowthofwhat

ecologistscall‘salmontrees’.”可知這種樹(shù)叫做“salmontrees”。）

73.RockyMountains

（根據(jù)最后1段第三句話“Itaimstoconnectallthewildareasalongthe

RockyMountainschain.”可知這個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)是沿著落基山脈的。）

AWebWorldLanguage?

ATheconceptofacommonlanguagetoeasecommunicationworldwideis

notanewone,butrecentlyithasbeengivenfreshurgencybythespreadof

theInternet.Currently,Internetusersarestilldividedintolanguage

compartments,i.e.,EnglishspeakersreadEnglishmessages,Frenchspeakers

readFrenchmessages,andsoon.Translationofinformationfromone

languageintoanothertakesjustaslongasitalwaysdid.Butnowanideafor

solvingthisproblembyutilizingtheuniquefeaturesoftheWesternand

Chinesewrittenlanguageshasbeenproposed.

BMostWesternwrittenlanguagesarebasedonphoneticalphabets,whereas

Chinesewritingisbasedonpictograms.TheRomanalphabet,forinstance,

has26lettersrepresenting26differentsounds,wherewrittenChinesehas

thousandsofpictograms,eachrepresentingadifferentword.Oneadvantage

oftheChinesemethodisthatthepictogramrepresentsthemeaning,notthe

sound.Thismakesthewrittenlanguagemoreflexiblethanthespoken

language,andabletorepresentmanymoreconcepts.However,thislarge

numberofdifferentsymbolsmakeslearningthescriptamammothtask,and

itisdifficulttousewithkeyboards.Phoneticalphabets,ontheotherhand,

havefewsymbols,makingthemeasytolearn,andtheyaresuitedto

keyboardtransmission.Themaindrawbackisthatonlyaspeakerofthe

languagecanreadwritinginthatlanguage,whereasthepictorialapproach

allowsanylanguagetobewrittenandreadwithauniversalsetofsymbols.

CHowever,thetwoideasmaybeabletobecombinedinsuchawayasto

providethebenefitsofbothwiththedisadvantagesofneither.Thelarge

numberofdifferentsymbolsofthepictographicsystemcanbereducedby

creatingasmallsetofbasicsemanticunitswhichcanbecombinedtomake

words,inthesamewaythatthesoundsofallwordsinalanguagecanbe

representedbyasmallnumberofsimplesoundunitscalledletters.

DItmaybepossibletorepresentallmeaningsbytheappropriatechoiceof

basicsemanticconceptunitswhichcouldbecalledsembols(semantic

symbols),thedecompositionofwordsinalanguageintounitsofmeaning

ratherthansound.Analphabetofbasicmeaningunitscouldbecreated.This

semanticalphabetwouldbeusedtowriteallwordsofanylanguageina

commonmannereasyforcomputerprogramsto“understand”.Theideacan

betakenfurther:Alanguagecanbecreatedbasedonwordscomposedfrom

suchsemanticunitsinnewways.Newwordscanevolveasrequired,by

creativecompositionfromthebasicunits.Anyhumanlanguagewouldbe

understandableifwrittenbythismethod.

EFirstofall,200orsobasicsemanticunitswouldbechosen.Inorderto

makethelanguagepronounceableaswellaswritable,eachsemanticunit

wouldbeassignedaphoneme,orunitofsound,suchas“ba”.Eachphoneme

wouldbeassociatedwithoneandonlyonemeaning.Itwouldthenbe

assignedaparticularsembol.Wordscouldthenbeassembledintosentences.

Forexample,thefollowingbasicphonemes:tu(utility),su(surface),bu

(above),gra(ground),couldbeusedtoformthewordtusubugra(utility

surfaceaboveground)meaningtable.Thissystemwouldworkwithcurrent

printingandcomputertechnologyasitusestheRomanalphabet.

FThebasicsembol-setwouldthenbeassembledinsidethecomputerinsuch

awayastoallowprogramstounderstandthewordsrepresentedbythe

sembol-set.Thecomputercanbegivenaccesstoatranslationdictionary,

whichwillallowittotranslatewordsin,say,Englishintosembology.The

computercanthenreachalevelofunderstandingwhereitcanexpanditsown

knowledgebytranslatingandthenunderstandinganytext,suchasbooks,

newspaperarticles,etc.

GThetrulyrevolutionarypotentialforthisnewlanguageliesinthefactthat

computersusingitwillbeabletorepresentandcommunicateknowledge

arrivedatbythisprocesstooneanother,formingacommonexpanding

database.Suchasystemwouldendupbeinghighlyintelligent.Byrecording

probabilitiesofassociationofdifferentconceptsandevents,itcouldperhaps

predictandsuggestnewlinesofresearch,newhithertounknown

associations,etc.Itcouldalsoprovideareferencedatabaseofhuman

knowledge,inaformamenabletovariousmethodsofautomatedprocessing.

Questions74-80

Instructions:ThispassagehassevenparagraphsA-G.Inwhichparagraphcan

youfindthefollowinginformation?Anyletteroftheparagraphcanbeused

morethanonce.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.

74.TheChinesewrittenlanguageismoreflexibleandrepresentative.

75.Theprinciplesofsymbolicandpictographicwritingcanbecombined

advantageously.

76.Computersmaytakeoverthedevelopmentprocessofthenewlanguage.

77.ThelanguagebarrierstillexistsforusersoftheWeb.

78.Itispossibletorepresentthewordsofallthelanguagesincomputer

form.

79.Thealphabetofthenewlanguagewillnotbebasedonphonetics.

80.Thetechnologyoftranslationfromonelanguagetoanotherhasnotyet

improvedmuch.

【答案與解析】

74.B文章B段的中部“Thismakesthewrittenlanguagemoreflexiblethan

thespokenlanguage,andabletorepresentmanymoreconcepts.”可知中文的

書(shū)寫(xiě)更加靈活，能代表更多的概念。

75.C根據(jù)C段第一句話“However,thetwoideasmaybeabletobe

combinedinsuchawayastoprovidethebenefitsofbothwiththe

disadvantagesofneither.”以及C段的內(nèi)容可知這兩種語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可以相結(jié)

合。

76.F從第6段最后一句“Thecomputercanthenreachalevelof

understandingwhereitcanexpanditsownknowledgebytranslatingandthen

understandinganytext,suchasbooks,newspaperarticles,etc.”可知電腦可

以達(dá)到一個(gè)理解的水平，它可以通過(guò)翻譯擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)，然后理解任

何文本，如書(shū)籍，報(bào)紙文章等。由此說(shuō)明電腦自己就可以接管這種新語(yǔ)

言的發(fā)展。

77.A由A段第二句話“Currently,Internetusersarestilldividedinto

languagecompartments”可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)上語(yǔ)言的障礙還存在。

78.D根據(jù)D段第一句話“Itmaybepossibletorepresentallmeaningsbythe

appropriatechoiceofbasicsemanticconceptunits”以及后面的讓電腦運(yùn)行

這種系統(tǒng)可知此句話出自D段。

79.B從B段的倒數(shù)第三句話“However,thislargenumberofdifferent

symbolsmakeslearningthescriptamammothtask,anditisdifficulttouse

withkeyboards.”可知象形文字過(guò)于復(fù)雜不能用在新的語(yǔ)言中。故此句源

于B段。

80.A根據(jù)A段倒數(shù)第二句話“Translationofinformationfromonelanguage

intoanothertakesjustaslongasitalwaysdid.”可知語(yǔ)言之間的相互翻譯還

沒(méi)有什么進(jìn)展。

V.Writing(50points)

Instructions:Confuciussaid,“Iexaminemyselfthreetimesaday.”But

modempeopleseemtobesooccupiedwiththeirworkthattheyhavenotime

forself-reflection.Aphilosopheroncewarnedthat“Anunexaminedlifeis

notworthliving.”Writeanarticleofsome500wordsonthistopiceitherin

favorofthewarningornotinfavorofit.Remembertowriteyourarticleon

theAnswerSheet.

【參考譯文】

AnUnexaminedLifeIsNotWorthLiving

Itotallyagreewiththiswarning.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelieve

Happinessisconnectedwithself-reflection.Happinessdoesnotdropfrom

thesky;it’stobecreatedbyourownhands.JustasSocrates,agreat

philosopherandideologistsaid“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving”.If

wedonotexamineoureverydaylife,weshallneverknowthetruemeaning

ofhappiness.Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething,astemporary

universitystudents,wemustcreateabrightfutureforourselvesandby

ourselves.Mostimportantlyweshouldmakeourlivesmeaningfuland

contributetoourcountry.Self-