高二英語(yǔ)教師用書(shū)：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精it的用法(Ⅱ）語(yǔ)境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon．2．ItwasascientistcalledCharlesKeelingwhomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997．3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide．1．例1中的itis．．．that．．．為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在這個(gè)句型中，it沒(méi)有意義，只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是同位語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)humanactivity。2．例2中的itwas．．．who．．．為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主句的主語(yǔ)ascientist。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，故也可用who。3．例3中的itis．．．that．．．為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)theburningofmoreandmorefossilfuels。一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分1．此結(jié)構(gòu)中it沒(méi)有意義,只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。2．此強(qiáng)調(diào)句型只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。3．被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞時(shí)用who/that，而被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是其他時(shí)（事物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)只能用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatboughtanoldbikeyesterdayinamarketplace．是約翰昨天在市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)了輛舊自行車(chē)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))ItwasanoldbikethatJohnboughtyesterdayinamarketplace．昨天約翰在市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)的是輛舊自行車(chē).（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtanoldbikeinamarketplace．約翰是昨天在市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)了輛舊自行車(chē).（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）ItwasinamarketplacethatJohnboughtanoldbikeyesterday．昨天約翰是在市場(chǎng)上買(mǎi)了輛舊自行車(chē)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver．正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒(méi)能過(guò)河.（強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ))[即時(shí)演練1］用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)下面句子中的劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)NancysawyoursisterinTokyolastweek．①I(mǎi)twasNancythat/whosawyoursisterinTokyolastweek．(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))②Itwasyoursisterthat/whoNancysawinTokyolastweek．(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）③ItwasinTokyothatNancysawyoursisterlastweek．(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）④ItwaslastweekthatNancysawyoursisterinTokyo．(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句式和特殊疑問(wèn)句式1．一般疑問(wèn)句式：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分？WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied？他是二戰(zhàn)期間死亡的嗎?2．特殊疑問(wèn)句式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？Whyisitthatyouputoffthemeeting?你為什么推遲會(huì)議呢？Wherewasitthatyoulostyourcar？你是在哪兒丟的車(chē)？[即時(shí)演練2]用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)下面句子中的劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)①Howdidyouforgettolockthedoor?Howwasitthatyouforgottolockthedoor？②Didheworkwherehisfatherhadstudied?Wasithewho/thatworkedwherehisfatherhadstudied?三、對(duì)not．．．until．．．結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)not．．．until．．．結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為“Itis/wasnotuntil．．．that．．．”，在這一固定句型中，由于not已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式.Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock．→Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenttobed．直到10點(diǎn)他才睡覺(jué)。Ididn'trealizeituntilIgotoffthebus．→ItwasnotuntilIgotoffthebusthatIrealizedit．直到下車(chē)之后我才意識(shí)到這事.[即時(shí)演練3］強(qiáng)調(diào)下面句子中的not．．．until．．．結(jié)構(gòu)①I(mǎi)didn'thearfromheruntillastsummer．ItwasnotuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher．②Hedidnotrealizehismistakesuntiltheplanwascompletelyruined．Itwasnotuntiltheplanwascompletelyruinedthatherealizedhismistakes．四、使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)1．若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語(yǔ)，who/that之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致.Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish．是他經(jīng)常幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Itistreesthatareplantedonthehillsideeveryyear．每年都在山坡上種的是樹(shù).2．若被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語(yǔ)的代詞,用主格；若是作賓語(yǔ)的代詞，則用賓格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday．昨天幫我的人是他.Itwasmethathehelpedyesterday．他昨天幫的人是我.3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用Itwas．．．that/who．．．，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用Itis．．．that/who．．．。Itisyouwho/thataretoblame．是你該受到指責(zé)。ItwasintheclassroomthatIleftmyumbrella．我把雨傘落在了教室里。［名師點(diǎn)津］強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最容易與定語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等混淆，區(qū)分它們的關(guān)鍵在于：如果把句子中的Itis/was和that/who去掉，剩下的部分還是一個(gè)完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，則此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；否則,應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析句子，判斷該句是何種從句。ItwasattheschoolgatethatImetanoldfriendofmine．我是在學(xué)校大門(mén)口遇見(jiàn)一位老朋友的.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwassuchahotdaythateventhecropswithered．天氣如此炎熱，連莊稼都枯萎了。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）［即時(shí)演練4］用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①I(mǎi)twasSusanandJohnwhowere（be）absentfromschoolyesterday．②Itisthisexperiencethathelps(help）mebetterunderstandtheproverb“Practicemakesperfect”．單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Itwasatmidnightthatshewaswokenupbyaphonecall．2．Itwas（be)becauseofthemostbeautifulvillageteacher—XiaoShan'sstrongdeterminationthatheformedthewomanfootballteaminthepoorarea．3．Itiseitherheoryouwho/thatareinchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishitpunctually．4．Hewassobusyyesterdaythatitwasnotuntillateatnightthathefinishedhiswork．5．Youarewaitingatawrongplace．Itis(be）atthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists．6．ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble．7．Bachdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized．8．It’snotdoingthethingswelike，butliking