2023年考研外語沖刺密卷13

考研外語沖刺密卷13

一、UseofEnglish

1、SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputting

yourheadbackdowntowork,spareathoughtortwoforthe

cranberry.Itis,ofcourse,a(1)ofChristmas:merry

brightred,bitter-sweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandthevery

deviltogetoutofthetablecloth(2)spilled.Butthe

cranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustry-andin

thetaleofits(3)fromcolonialcuriosityto

business-schoolcasestudy(4)adeeperunderstandingof

theopportunitiesand(5)ofmoderneating.

Thefastestgrowingpartoftoday,scranberrymarketisfor

cranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSpray's

''flavouredfruitpieces”(FFPS,tothetrade)tastelikeorange,

cherry,raspberryorany(6)ofotherfruits.Theyarein

factcranberries.Whymakeacranberrytastelikeanorange?

Mostlybecauseitisa(7)littlefruit:FFPShavea

shelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better(8),theykeepachewy

texture(9)baked,unlikethefruitswhoseflavoursthey

mimic,whichturnto(10).

Thedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis

(11)tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.

Growing(12)providedthe(13)tocreatecheaperand

morereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply,

(14),createdincentivestofindnewmarkets,which

increaseddemand.Thuswasthe(15)keptchurning.

Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative(16)North

America,growingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.(Theothers

aretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry).TheAmericanIndians

hadseveralnamesforcranberries,many(17)thewordsfor

“bitter"or,more(18),“noisy".Theyatetheberries

mostly(19)pemmican,butalsousedthemfordyeand

medicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers—at

thefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621,itissaid.Thesettlers

promptlyrenamedthisdelicacythe“craneberry”,(20)the

pointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitlikethehead

oftheSandhillcrane.

A.sign

B.trail

C.symbol

D.mark

2、⑵

A.while

B.ifonly

C.longbefore

D.if

3、(3)

A.progress

B.proposition

C.prophet

D.proportion

4、(4)

A.obtain

B.mould

C.assimilate

D.lies

5、(5)

A.dilemmas

B.remedy

C.ingredient

D.remains

6、(6)

A.member

B.number

3

C.kind

D.flavor

7、⑺

A.delicious

B.dubious

C.durable

D.deliberate

8、(8)

A.off

B.than

C.itself

D.still

9、(9)

A.when

B.whether

C.albeit

D.whereas

10、(10)

A.mercury

B.mush

C.muscle

D.mess

4

IK(H)

A.similar

B.feasible

C.inferior

D.incredible

12、(12)

A.command

B.yield

C.demand

D.quantity

13、(13)

A.immensity

B.inadequacy

C.immunity

D.incentive

14、(14)

A.ateveryturn

B.inturn

C.toaturn

D.byturns

15、(15)

A.cycle

5

B.miracle

C.mission

D.carnival

16、(16)

A.from

B.to

C.off

D.beyond

17、(17)

A.qualifying

B.incorporating

C.denoting

D.coining

18、(18)

A.intrinsically

B.marginally

C.intuitively

D.mysteriously

19、(19)

A.in

B.for

C.by

D.through

20、(20)

A.although

B.onlyif

C.because

D.asthough

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

MenorcaorMajorca?Itisthattimeoftheyearagain.The

brochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersand

magazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.Butthe

traditionalpackagedholiday,aBritishinnovationthat

providedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarm

sand,isnotwhatitwas.Indeed,theindustryisanxiously

awaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnow

is.

TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheir

holidays:low-costairlinesandtheinternet.Insteadofbuying

areadymadepackageconsistingofaflight,hotel,carhire

andassortedentertainmentfromatouroperator'sbrochure,it

isnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagent

likeExpediaorTravelocity,whichlastJulybought

Lastminute.comfor￡577m($1billion),orfromthe

proliferatingwebsitesofairlines,hotelsandcar-rental

firms.

Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhighstreettravel

agentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsand

closures,butthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightback,

inpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoice

Holidays,forinstance,sawitspretaxprofitriseby16%to

￡114m($196m)intheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughthe

overallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallen,thecompanyis

concentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.

FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectly,either

viatheinternet,overthetelephoneorfromitsowntravel

shops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears.

Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravel

managedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin2022.ThomasCookand

ThomsonHolidays,nowbothGermanowned,arealsobullishabout

thecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehaving

atoughertime,though,notleastbecausemanyleadingtour

operationshavecutthecommissionstheypay.

Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewith

theinternet,helpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthatthey

haveresearchedonline,providingadviceandtackingonother

services:Thisisseenasagrowtharea.Butifanagentputs

togetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodation,isthata

package,too?

TheCivilAviationAuthority(CAA)saysitisandtheagent

shouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicence,whichprovides

financialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.

Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970s,whensomelargeBritish

travelfirmswentbust,strandingcustomersontheCostas.

Althoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedays,theCAAhad

tohelpoutsome30,000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationof

BritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovemberto

arguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonot

requireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.Whilethecourt

decides,millionsofBritonswillhappilyclickawaybuying

onlineholidays,unawareofthedifference.

Basedonthefirstparagraph,thebesttitleofthetextcould

be.

A.Anannualholiday

B.AHighCourtruling

C.Anewpackage

D.ABritishinnovation

2、

Accordingtothetext,theshiftinthemethodofholiday

bookinginUKisassociatedwith.

A.thepopularityofelectronics

B.thecostlylicences

C.carrentalfirms

D.thetraditionalideology

3、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Toputtogetheratripusingatraditionaltravelagentis

nothardatpresent.

B.Tosoundthedeathknellfortouroperatorisunacceptable

andinhumane.

C.Somehigh-streettravelagentsdefythemodelofsurviving

withtheinternet.

D.Traditionaltourfirmsgrapplewiththeinternet.

4、

Theword“hustle"inthetopicsentenceofthefourthparagraph

mostprobablydenotes.

A.demand

B.hostility

C.sale

D.prejudice

5、

Accordingtothefirstandlastparagraphs,whichofthe

followingisstillinsuspense?

A.Alegaldefinition,

B.Acongestioncharge.

C.Financialguarantee.

D.Anadventuretrip.

6、Theymaynotbetherichest,butAfricansremaintheworld's

staunchestoptimists.AnannualsurveybyGallupInternational,

aresearchoutfit,showsthat,whenaskedwhetherthisyearwill

bebetterthanlast,Africaonceagaincomesoutontop.Out

of52,000peopleinterviewedallovertheworld,underhalf

believethatthingsarelookingup.ButinAfricatheproportion

iscloseto60%almosttwiceasmuchasinEurope.

Africanshavesomereasonstobecheerful.Thecontinent's

economyhasbeendoingfairlywellwithSouthAfrica,the

economicpowerhouse,growingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.

SomeofAfrica，slong-runningconflicts,suchasthewar

betweenthenorthandsouthinSudanandthecivilwarinCongo,

haveended.Africaevenhasitsfirstelectedfemaleheadof

state,inLiberia.

Yetthereisnoshortageofdownerstoo.MostofAfricaremains

dirtpoor.CrisesinplaceslikeCoted'Ivoire,SierraLeone

andZimbabwearefarfromsolved.Andthedemocratic

credentialsofEthiopiaandUganda,oncethedarlingsof

westerndonors,havetakenabadknock.AIDSkilledovergm

Africansin2022,andwillkillmorethisyear.

Soisitalljustacaseofirrationalexuberance?MerilJames

ofGalluparguesthatthereis,infact,usuallyverylittle

relationbetweenthesurvey'soptimismrankingsandreality.

Africans,thisyearledbyNigerians,areconsistentlythemost

upbeat,whethertheirlotgetsbetterornot.Ontheotherhand,

Greece—hardlytheworstplaceonearth一topsthegloomand

doomchart,followedcloselybyPortugalandFrance.

MsJamesspeculatesthatreligionmayhavealottodowithit.

NineoutoftenAfricansarereligious,thehighestproportion

intheworld.ButcynicsarguethatmostAfricansbelievethat

2022willbegoldenbecausethingshavebeensobadthatitis

hardtoimaginehowtheycouldpossiblygetworse.Thismayhelp

explainwhyplacesthathavesufferedrecentmisfortunes,such

asKosovoandAfghanistan,rankamongthetopfiveoptimists.

MoussakaforthoughtforthosedepressedGreeks.

Thestatisticsareemployedinthefirstparagraphsoasto

indicatesortof.

A.disparity

B.numbness

C.conformity

D.stagnation

7、

Itcanbeinferredfromthefourparagraphofthetextthat

Africanoptimismis.

A.detrimental

B.fragile

C.transient

D.constant

8、

TheconclusionmadebyMsJames,accordingtothetext,is

A.tentative

B.immutable

C.impeccable

D.moderate

ThetoneoftheauthorindiscussingAfricanstatuscanbe

definedasbeing

A.radical

B.impartial

C.hesitant

D.self-centered

10、

Franceismentionedinthetextwiththeaimto

A.contrastNigeriansandFrench

B.defendMerilJamesremarks

C.attachimportancetothegloom-and-doomchart

D.refuteMsJamesconceptofreligion

11、“Thisisareallyexcitingtime,aneweraisstarting,，z

saysPeterBazalgette,thechiefcreativeofficerofEndemol,

thetelevisioncompanybehind"BigBrother"andotherpopular

shows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobile

television,anascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecoms

andmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevicemakers,

contentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfar

fromaloneinhisenthusiasm.

Already,manymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevision

channelsorindividualshows,whichare"streamed“acrosstheir

third-generation(3G)networks.InSouthKorea,televisionis

alsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrial

broadcastnetworks,whichisfarmoreefficientthansending

videoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbeginin

JapaninApril.InEurope,theItaiianarmof3,amobile

operator,recentlyacquiredCanale7,atelevisionchannel,

withaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthe

secondhalfof2022.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobe

builtinFinlandandAmerica,andarebeingtestedinmanyother

countries.

Meanwhile,AppleComputer,whichlaunchedavideo-capable

versionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctober,is

strikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeof

showsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedevice,including

"Lost","DesperateHousewives"and"Law&Order”.TiVo,maker

ofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorder(PVR),saysitplans

toenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPods

andotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.Andmobile

TVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld'slargesttechnology

fair,theConsumerElectronicsShow,whichtookplaceinLas

Vegasthisweek.

Despiteallthisactivity,however,theprospectsformobile

不____Q

qis

TVareunclear.Forastart,nobodyreallyknowsifconsumers

willpayforit,thoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.

Informa,aconsultancy,saystherewillbe125mmobile-TVusers

by2022.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopes

andthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.Andevenifpeople

dowantTVonthemove,thereisfurtheruncertaintyinthree

areas:technology,businessmodelsandthecontentitself.

Theword"nascent"inthefirstparagraphofthetextmost

probablymeans.

A.distinctive

B.statutory

C.naive

D.emerging

12、

Paragraph2iswrittento.

A.indicatethetestofmobile-TVnetworks

B.illustratethewidespreadinterestsinmobileTV

C.stresstheselectiono[televisionchannels

D.assessthethird-generation(3G)networks

13、

Accordingtothetext,substantialworkinmobile-TVnetworks

hasbeenconductedin.

A.anorientalnation

B.USA

C.anEuropeannation

D.Japan

14、

Theword“device"inthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph

denotes.

A.asatelliteandterrestrialbroadcast

B.avideo-capableversionofAppleiPodportable

music-player

C.anindividualshowwhichis"streamed"acrossa3Gnetwork

D.apioneerpersonalvideorecorder

15、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthetextthat

A.mobileTViscoming一buthowthemarketwilldevelopis

stillunclear

B.consumersfavormobileTViftheyneednotpayforit

C.fewmobiletechnologiesfailedtoliveuptoexpectations

D.thethreeuncertaintiesre{erredtoattheendofthetext

arehopefullyovercomeinnotime

16、Thelast-minutevictoryoftheTexasLonghornsinthis

year'sRoseBowl-America，scollegefootball

championship一wasthekindofthingthatstayswithfans

forever.Justaswell,becausemanyhadpaidvastsumstosee

thegame.RoseBowlticketsofficiallysoldfor$175each.On

theinternet,resellerswerehawkingthemforasmuchas$3,000

apop."Nobodyknowshowtocontrol[this],“observedMitch

Dorger,thetournament，schiefexecutive.

Re-sellingticketsforaprofit,knownlesspolitelyas

scalpinginAmericaortoutinginBritain,isbooming.In

Americaalone,thesecondarymarket"forticketsto

sought-aftereventsisworthover$10billion,reckonsJeffrey

Fluhr,thebossofStubHub,anonlineticketmarket.Scalping

usedtobeaboutburlymenlurkingoutsidestadiumswith

fistfulsoftickets.Criesof“Ticketshere,ticketshere”

stillringoutbeforekickoff.Buttheinternethascreated

alargerandmoreefficientmarket.Someinternet-basedticket

agencies,suchastickco,comanddynamiteticketz,comactas

traditionalscalpers,buyingupticketsandsellingthemonfor

asubstantialmark-up.Butothers1ikeStubHubhaveanew

businessmode一bringtogetherbuyersandsellers,andthentake

acut.Foreachtransaction,StubHubtakesajuicy25%.

Despiteitssubstantialcommission一farhigherthanthose

chargedbyotheronlineintermediariesincludingeBayor

Craigslist一StubHubisflourishing.Thefirmwassetupin2000

andthisyear,sRoseBowlwasitsbiggesteventever.TheSuper

BowlinearlyFebruarywillbringanothernicehaul,ashave

U2andRollingStonesconcerts.UnlikeeBay,whichisthe

largestonlinetraderintickets,StubHubguaranteeseach

transaction,sobuyersneednotworryaboutfraud.The

company，srevenues,nowaround$200m,aretriplingannually

(despiteitsstartinthedotcombust).Andthereisplentymore

roomtogrow.Mr.Fluhrnotesthatthemarketremains“highly

fragmented'7,withtinyoperationsstillflourishingand

newspaperclassifiedsnotyetdead.

Buttherearerisks.Someeventsareboostingpricestocutthe

resalemargins;othersareusingspecialmeasurestocrackdown.

Thissummer,ticketstothesoccerWorldCupinGermanywill

includethenameandpassportnumberoftheoriginalpurchaser

andembeddedchipsthatmatchthebuyertothetickets.

Thentherearelegalworries.InAmerica,morethanadozen

stateshaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds.NewMexico

forbidstheresellingofticketsforcollegegames;Mississippi

doessoforalleventsongovernment-ownedproperty.Suchlaws

areoftenignored,butcanstillbite.InMassachusetts,where

resellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalueisunlawful,

onefanbroughtalawsuitlastautumnagainst16companies

(includingStubHub)overhispriceyRedSoxtickets.

UKismentionedinthetextwiththeintentionto.

A.definere-sellingticketsforprofits

B.stresstheprosperityoftheindustry

C.shedlightontheboomingofscalping

D.castdoubtontheprofitsofonlineticketmarket

17、

Inboththesecondandthethirdparagraphs,theauthoremploys

whichofthefollowingwritingdevice?

A.Emphasis.

B.Contrast.

C.Exaggeration.

D.Interrogation.

18、

Theword"juicy"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph

mostprobablydenotes.

A.succulent

B.interesting

C.lucrative

D.liquid

19、

Severemeasurestodiscouragere-sellingticketsforprofits

areillustratedwith.

A.U2concert

B.SuperBowlinearlyFebruary

C.RollingStonesconcerts

D.thesoccerWorldCupinGermany

20、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.MorethanadozenstatesinUShaveanti-scalpinglawsof

variouskinds

B.TherearestilllegalworriesabouttheAmericanre-selling

ticketsforaprofit

C.MoststatesinUShaveyettoshowpositiveresponsein

crackdownontickettouting

D.16companiesweretakentocourtbyonefanforreselling

aticketformorethan$2abovefacevalue

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalist

ofexamplesorheadings.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybe

certainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutunknown

knowledgeonAIDS.

A.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroy

theimmunesystem?

B.Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDS

andHIVcropup?

C.Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?

D.HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem?

E.Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?

F.WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypes

ofcancerandinfections?

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,

scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldisease

thananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,

andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDS

Society,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestions

couldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandother

diseases.

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:

(41).

Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelop

andareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShas

challengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmoreprone

tocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi's

sarcoms,butnottobreast,colonandlung,themostcommon

cancersintheUnitedStates.Thispattern

suggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystem,atleastthetypethat

occursinAIDS,doesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.

(42).

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissue

barriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.

Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesof

differentkindsofcells.

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesand

therestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthe

virusproceedstodestroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneeded

tocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.

(43).

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmuneceilssenttokillthevirus,

thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfected

peoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask:Cantheelements

oftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybe

identified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDS

不_____Q

q23

ininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthe

firstplace?

(44).

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceof

preservingimmunefunction.Butthenewdrugsdonotcompletely

eliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhave

dangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetime

andperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyis

expectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntilthere

aresignstheimmunesystemisweakening.

Isavaccinepossible?

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucial

tocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestage

offulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegree

ofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmitted

invariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.Itisnot

knownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconfer

protectionagainstothertypes.

(45).

Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,prevention

messagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Itisdifficulttoseehowonecanteachifoneisnotlearning.

Buttherearesomedistinctionstobemadehere.Torelyonlast

year'snotes,or—evenworse—one'slastyear'smemory,asif

thatwouldalwaysbeanadequatebasisforpassingonknowledge,

istomistakewhathumanknowledgeis.(46)Andsothe

assimilationofbooks,thereadingofarticles,