Unit+4+Using+language+Grammar高中英語外研版（2019）必修第一冊

Toknowwhatanattributiveclause

isTolearnhowtocombinetworelevantsentencesintoanattributiveclauseTolearntheusageofthat,which,who,whom,whoseinattributiveclausesTolearntowriteattributiveclausessubjectverbobjectpredicativedirectobjectindirectobjectobjectcomplementmainelementsadverbialattributeusedtomodifyawordorsentence

句子成分句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語)和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。五種基本句型：S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C并列句:由連接詞連接起來的兩個或多個簡單句。并列句不能只用逗號隔開，要用連接詞鏈接。連接詞可以表達(dá)并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、因果等關(guān)系。復(fù)合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。包括名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句。1.akindgirl2.abookonthedesk3.Ihavehomeworktofinish4.thefallenleaves5.theboywhoisverysmart什么是定語？定語修飾名詞/代詞。定語可以是形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語。修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。目錄CONTENT01定語從句的定義02定語從句的種類03關(guān)系詞的作用和分類04如何選擇關(guān)系代詞1.Weprefertomakefriends(who

shareourinterests).2.Sheistheone

thatheislongtoseeagain.1.Definition(定義)friends定語從句是用來充當(dāng)定語的句子，它主要用于修飾句子中的

，位于被修飾的名詞和代詞

。翻譯為

，作用相當(dāng)于一個

詞?！?..的”先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句theonethat名詞和代詞之后結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句的其它部分形容先行詞被定語從句修飾的成分叫做先行詞。主要指人、物、時間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞或者代詞，有時也可以是整個主句。The

boy

(whobrokethewindow)isTom’sbrother.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,（whichcameasasurprise.）2.關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞who,whom,whose,that,which在從句中充當(dāng)

和定語。where,when,why在從句中充當(dāng)

。主語，賓語，表語狀語介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞指人/物在定從句中充當(dāng)什么成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which2.關(guān)系代詞的用法that1.Thisunitthattalksaboutfriendshipisverymeaningful.2.Heisabrilliantscientistthatisrespectedbypeople.3.Sheisakindandpatientperson(that)Iwanttomakefriendwith.that既可以指

，也可以指

，在定語從句中常作

作賓語時?？墒÷?。主語，賓語人物unitscientistpersonwhich1.Hehasagoodqualitywhichcontributestohisdevelopment.2.Sheboughtaspecialgiftwhichshedecidedtogivetoherfriend.

which指

，在定語從句做

，做賓語時常可省略。物主語或賓語qualitygiftwho/whom1.Hispartnerwhoisaddictedtoplayingvideogameshasn'tcompletedhisworkyet.2.TheboywhomItalkedwithjustnowisextremelyhardworking.3.TheassistantswhoIhaveareverycarefulandresponsible.who指

，作

，有時也可作賓語，做賓語可省略。whom指

,作

,可省略。人人主語賓語whose1.Thegrocerystorewhosedesignisveryuniqueattractsmanycustomers.2.Thelittlebabywhosesmileissweetisverypopular.whose

表示“....的”，通常指

，也可指

，在定語從句中做

。人物定語whose+n.關(guān)系代詞指人/物在定從句中充當(dāng)什么成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose賓語主語、賓語

whichSummary定語+n.人、物主語、賓語主語、賓語人放在動詞或介詞后是賓語Thisisthequality

Ilike.人、物物人2.關(guān)系詞的作用Agoodfriendisaperson

comfortsus,andencouragesuswhenwearedisappointed.who/that關(guān)系詞的三個作用:1.連接作用：連接___句和定語從句。2.替代作用：替代_____詞。3.成分作用：在定語從句中必須充當(dāng)_____。成分主先行（定語從句中必須缺少某種成分）aperson3.如何選定定語從句關(guān)系詞1.分辨主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞（人/物/人和物）3.把先行詞帶到從句中，看其在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髡Z賓語定語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語，賓語或定語則用關(guān)系代詞。1.Weweren’tplayingonthecourt__________wasnexttoourbuilding.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：____________________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用___________。Practice：Laterthatafternoon,anotherquake___________wasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshanagain.thecourtThecourtwasnexttoourbuilding.主語which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatFillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.2.Paul’sfavouriteplayerwasaguy__________playedfortheschoolteam.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：____________________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用___________。Practice：Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.aguyTheguy

playedfortheschoolteam.主語who/thatwho/thatwho/thatFillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.3.He’dsoongetthechance_______________he’dbeenwaitingfor.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：____________________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用_______________。Practice：Ifyouoftengoonatrip,youcangainmuchknowledge

_______________youcannotgetfrombooks.thechanceHe’dbeenwaitingfor

thechance.賓語which/that/不填which/that/不填which/that/不填Fillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.4.Thethief____________

thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：____________________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用________________________。Practice：Roseistheperson__________________youshouldlookafter.thethiefThepolicecaughtthethief

lastnight.賓語who/whom/that/不填who/whom/that/不填Fillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.who/whom/that/不填5.Thegirl______hairisgoldenisfromEngland.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：__________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用___________。Practice：Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.thegirlThegirl’s

hairisgolden.定語whosewhoseFillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.whose6.Andclearly,alltheextrahours_______he'dspentpractisingalonepaidoff.Step1先行詞是___________；Step2將先行詞代入定語從句中連成一句話：__________________________________________Step3看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)________的位置，是（人？物？），用___________。Practice：Thisisthemostexcitingfootballgame________Ihaveeverseen.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures________Isawintheroom.thehoursHe'dspentthehours

practisingalone.賓語that/不填that/不填that/不填Fillintheblankswithrelativepronoun(s)that,which,who,whomor

whose.that/不填【誤區(qū)警示】關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞且在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。Thefilm（that/which）wesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.（×）Thefilm（that/which）wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.（√）

4.種類:限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句1.ThegirlusuallyusesWetchattokeeptrackofherbestfriend,whichisaveryconvenientwaytomaintaintheirfriendships.2.Thisunitwhichtalksaboutfriendshipisverymeaningful.3.Wecan'tgiveawayourpersonalinformationtothestrangerswhomaybethecriminals.4.Asisknown,afriendinneedisafriendindeed.限非限限非限1.限制性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識別。如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定語從句用于對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。2.限無逗號隔開，但非限有逗號隔開。3.非限不能用that引導(dǎo)，可以用which,as等。4.先行詞都是名詞或代詞，但非限還可修飾前面整個句子。1.Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.（限制性）2.Hisdaughter,whoisBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與主句之間不用逗號隔開與主句之間有逗號隔開功能對先行詞進(jìn)行限定、修飾。如果省去從句部分剩余部分意義便不完整、不明確對先行詞作附加說明。去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明確先行詞名詞、代詞或名詞詞組名詞、名詞詞組或整個主句引導(dǎo)詞所有關(guān)系詞除that和why之外的關(guān)系詞翻譯先譯從句再譯先行詞主句從句分別翻譯

4.種類:限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句Activity1aWecan...stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.bThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterest…1.Whatdoes"that"refertoinsentence(a)?Thepeople.2.Whatdoes"who"refertoinsentence(b)?People.謂語謂語論述主語的行為動作或所處的狀態(tài)，一般由動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于主語的后面，體現(xiàn)句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等。謂語動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1.簡單謂語是由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成的謂語。Heplaystenniseveryday.Theplanetakesoffat8:00.2.復(fù)合謂語是“情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞原形”、“連系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成的謂語。Hemayplaytenniseveryday.Theplaneshouldtakeoffat8:00.Practice2Thinkinyourownmind2minutesthatwhosewhothatwhoFirst,youshouldpayattentiontothequalityofantecedent.Then,youshouldpayattentiontothefunctionsofrelativewordsintheattributiveclauses.Practice3MakesentencesWorkwithyourpartner1minuteeachFirst,youshouldfindoutthesamenounintwosentences.Thisnounisgoingtobetheantecedent.Then,youshouldwritetherightmainsentence.Payattentiontoitstense!Finally,pleasechoosetherightrelativeword.Thesearetheirdreams.Theirdreamsnevercometrue.Thesearetheirdreams

which/thatnevercometrue.Practice3MakesentencesWorkwithyourpartner1minuteeachFirst,youshouldfindoutthesamenounintwosentences.Thisnounisgoingtobetheantecedent.Then,youshouldwritetherightmainsentence.Payattentiontoitstense!Finally,pleasechoosetherightrelativeword.TheboyisHarryPotter.

Theboywearsglasses.Theboy

whowearsglassesisHarryPotter.Lucyismyfriendwho/thathasahearingproblem.SoIlearntanewlanguagewhich/thatallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.Lucyisasmartgirlwhose

ideasarealwaysinspiring.Isometimeshaveproblems(that/which)

Ican’tsolve.Lucyisagoodlistener(whom/who/that)Ienjoysharingmomentsofmylifewith.P41Activity2Rewritetheunderlinedsentenceswiththat,which,who,whomorwhose.只用that的情況1)先行詞為all,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,theone指物時，只能用that,不能用which.Isthereanything

(that)Icandoforyou?Thereisnothingintheworldthatcanfrightenhim.Itisall

(that)Iknow.2).先行詞被all,much,little,many,much,some,any,every,no,theonly,thevery,theright修飾時，只用that.Hereisall

themoney(that)