高中英語語法-冠詞講解及練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE4冠詞用法一.不定冠詞的用法1.表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk.2.a/an+單數(shù)n.表類別，指一類人或事物。Ahorseisausefulanimal.3.表one,acertain,every,thesameI’llreturninadayortwo.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theyarenearlyofanage.4.用在抽象名詞前，a+抽象名詞，即抽象名詞具體化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.asurprise/success/failure5.與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!6.在同位語中，常用a/an+n.（one）MikeandLucy,anewlymarriedcouple,hadahappyhoneymooninParis.7.用在某些固定詞組中.afterawhile過了一會(huì)兒allofasudden突然asarule通常asaresult結(jié)果，因此asamatteroffact事實(shí)上asawhole大體上ataloss不知所措inahurry急忙inaway在某種程度上inaword總而言之putanendto…結(jié)束…cometoanend結(jié)束cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論haveagoodtime玩得愉快havearest休息一下haveacold感冒haveawordwith和…談一談makealiving謀生makeafire生火makeafoolof愚弄takeawalkaknowledgeof,aunderstandingof,acollectionof8.不定冠詞的特殊位置1）as/so/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)n.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.2)what/such/half+a/an+單數(shù)n.Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.二.定冠詞的用法1.表特指的人或物L(fēng)ookattheblackboard.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.2.the+單數(shù)n.表類別Thehorseisausefulanimal.3.表世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物，但若此類名詞前有修飾成分，也可用a/anthesun,theearth,themoon,thesky,theuniverseafullmoonbut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory4.用在普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。theUnitedStates,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,5.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、only,very,same前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver但：1）a/an+序數(shù)詞表“又一，再一”；the+序數(shù)詞表排序“第一，第二…..”Wouldyougivemeasecondchance?2)amost+adj.最高級(jí):very,themost+adj.最高級(jí)表“最….”amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture6.用在方位名詞前ontheleft,intheeast/west7.用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人,作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded8.表“按…計(jì)算”bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theday/theweek/ton但：bysizebytimebyweight9.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable10.西洋樂器名詞前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?11.在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.12.年代，朝代前Inthe1870’s/1870s,theTangDynasty13.動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead14.the+比較級(jí)表兩者中“較….的”，a+比較級(jí)表“一個(gè)更…..的”Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.Idon’tlikethebike.Iwantabetterone.15.用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：allthesame仍然allthetime一直alltheyearround一年到頭attheageof在……歲時(shí)atthebeginningof起初;開始attheendof在……的盡頭/末尾16.定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在exactly,just,all,both，double，half，twice等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了三.不用冠詞的情況(零冠詞)1.專有名詞前China,America,John,2.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格限制時(shí)Thisbookismine.3.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前spri