議論文如何寫摘要

解題技巧議論文類型的文章如何寫摘要Definition（定義）

Asummaryisashortaccount

givingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.3Stylesof

PassagesStyles（體裁）

Functions（功能）Narration(記敘文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(說明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenon議論文體的文章寫摘要的方法：

段意合并法

1.可先劃出短文中的重要句子，例如文中的主題句、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論等。2.經(jīng)過自己理解之后，用自己的話將他們合并起來，簡潔明了，連貫，有條理，切記不能照抄原文,也不能有自己的看法。閃亮模板：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)1.Theauthorholdstheviewsthat+論點(diǎn),for/because+論據(jù)1,and論據(jù)2.+結(jié)論2.Thepassage/writerhighlights/emphasize（論點(diǎn))，maintaining/believing/that….(論據(jù))概要賞析:(良好的教育很重要)

Theauthorholdstheviewthatagoodeducationplaysanessentialpartinone’slife(論點(diǎn)),whichcannotonlyreleaseourpotentialbutalsohelpusgainbetter-paidjobs(論據(jù)).

Therefore,everyoneissupposedtoreceivehighereducation(結(jié)論).(39words)典型例題:Whyisitsohardforthemtoquitsmoking?Manyoftheex-smokersadmitthatquittingsmokingisthehardestandthemoststrainingexperiencethattheyhavehadintheirwholelife.Youmayhavetriedeveryhardtoquitmanytimesinyourlifeandforafewdaysorsayforafewmonths,butthecraving（渴望）forcigarettesissuchthatyoupickitupunconsciously.Nicotineispresentinalltobaccoproducts.Itmakesyoufeelsatisfied,calmandmorefocused.Asyoucontinuewithsmoking,youwillneedmorenicotinetofeelgoodinthelongrun.Soonthetimewouldcomewhenyouwouldnotbeabletofeelnormalwithoutnicotine.Withoutacigaretteinyourhand,youwouldfeelincomplete.Quittingsmokegetshardbecausewithpassageoftimeitbecomesabigpartofyourlife.Youenjoyholdingandpuffingacigarette.Aftersomemonths,smokingbecomespartofyourdailyroutine.HowdoyouwritetheSummary?Thesuggestedsteps:

1.Readthepassageforoverallcontentandidentifythestructure.

2.

Rereadcarefully,highlightingthekeywords,phrases,andsentences

3.

Donotuseyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourownwords.Combinesentencesforasmooth,logicalflowofideas

閃亮模板：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)1.Theauthorholdstheviewsthat+論點(diǎn),for/because+論據(jù)1,and論據(jù)2.+結(jié)論2.Thepassage/writerhighlights/emphasize（論點(diǎn))，maintaining/believing/that….(論據(jù)Task2

Combinesentencesforasmooth,logicalflowofideas.Donotuseyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourownwords.小組對(duì)子討論(2m)如何改寫句子?用自己的語言表達(dá)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的技巧完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，得0分；2.機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得1分；3.稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語、賓語、原文詞序的，得2分；4.創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得3分；5.結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、詞性變化比較好的得4至5分。2007年廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則用自己的語言表達(dá)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的技巧技巧1：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)互換。Hetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butapolicemanfoundhimHetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butwasfoundbyapoliceman技巧2：使用近義詞或同義詞1.Smokingisbadforourhealth.Smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.2.becausetheygettoomuchextraenergyinthembecausetheyhavealotofextraenergy技巧3：通過句型轉(zhuǎn)化，使你寫出的句子和原文的表達(dá)不同。quittingsmokingisthehardestandthemoststrainingexperience

itishardforsmokerstoquitsmoking

用自己的語言表達(dá)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的技巧

技巧1：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)互換。技巧2：使用近義詞或同義詞替換原文中的關(guān)鍵詞。技巧3：通過句型轉(zhuǎn)化，使你寫出的句子和原文的表達(dá)不同。

2.Thepassagestatedwhatisteamworkandtheimportanceofteamworkinbusinessandthat,inamorecompetitiveworld,peoplemustco-operateinordertoachievetheirgoals.Besides,seventeamworkskillsarealsodescribed.(32)3Theauthorhighlightstheeffectofworkonpeople’shealth,becauseitcanridoneofloneliness,andmakeonefeelsuccessfulandproudofhimself,whichalwayscontributestoagoodbody.(33)4AsurveymadeinAustraliashowsthatmanyteenagerslackonehour’ssleepduetoorganizedactivitiesandhomework,whichresultsinsuchseriousproblems.theymayhaveslowprogressinstudy,putonweight,orgetdepressedorillness.練習(xí)(2011珠海一模)Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyoftheday.ifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,we’llprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.

(ahealthierbody-abetterpreparationatheday)(2011珠海一模)Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyoftheday.ifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,we’llprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.

(ahealthierbody-abetterpreparationatheday)

Thepassagetriestotellusthatgettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitthatwillbenefitusalot,includingabettermemory,healthierbodyandbetterpreparationfortheday.

Forminggoodstudyhabitsisagreatstartonapathtosuccess.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifferenceand,overtime,willchangenotonlyyourapproachtowardstudyingandorganizingbutyouroveralloutlookonschoolandwork.Havingeffectivestudyhabitscreatesamoreefficientacademicenvironment.Planningyourstudyscheduleinadvanceandfaithfullystickingtoitsavestime.Evengivingconsiderationtosmalldetailsmakesadifference.Developinganefficientstudyplancanmakeyouracademiclifegomuchmoresmoothly.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,youtendtobelessstressed.Studentswhoareanxiousonexamdayaretypicallythosewhocameunprepared.Studentswhoorganizetheirlivesandsticktotheirstudyschedulesareconfidentandrelaxedattest-takingtime.Regardlessofwhetheryouaresettingagoodexampleforclassmatesorforfriends,showinggoodstudyhabitscanhaveapositiveeffectonthosearoundyou.Yourfriendsandclassmatesmayturntotheirownstudiesasyoustudy.Yourroommatesmaybeinspiredtoorganizetheirownroomsandstudyplans.

Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofdevelopinggoodstudyhabitsbecausewewillworkmoreefficientlyandexperiencelessstressinlearning.What’smore,havinggoodhabitsandskillscanalsoinfluencethosearoundyou.(36words)1.本文是一篇典型的議論文,第一段提出論點(diǎn),第二段列出論據(jù)，第三是結(jié)論。論點(diǎn)或結(jié)論：

Newspapersstillplayanimportantpartinourlife.

論據(jù)：

Theauthorlistssomeadvantagesofnewspapers.可以整合為：

Theauthorholdstheviewthatnewspapersstillplayanimportantpartinourlivesbecausenewspapershavesomeadvantageswhichoverweighsthatofnewmedia.Theycannotonlygetpeopletoseetheeventsclearlybutalsohaveachancetoread.Hard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenarehealthierthanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshowsthatwhenevertheemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasecorrespondingly(相應(yīng)地)by2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workishelpfultohealth.