報關(guān)與國際貨運專業(yè)英語Module Five 第三單元

Unit3BillofLadingDocumentsI.BookingNoteforCargoBookingNoteforExportCargoarethenecessarymaterialsthattheexportershouldprovidetothecargoexportcompanyandthefoundationforthecargoexportcompany’sbookingstowagetotheshipcompanyandpickingupgoodsbetweentheexportwarehouseandmanufacturer.Itisnotanofficialdocument,butitisaveryimportantbackgroundmaterialforfuturebillsordocumentsmaking.Therearetwotypesofmeansofconveyance：traditionalBulkcargotransportandmoderncontainertransportusingdifferentconsignmentbillsrespectively.1.Thepurposesofdifferentleaf：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,shippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder.Afterthisleafissealed,thesupportshiphasbeaffirmed.Theshippersonnelusethistoreceivethegoods.Sixth,mate'sreceipt;afterthegoodsgetonboard,firstmateshouldsignonthemate'sreceiptandusethistogetallsetoftheoriginalbillofladingfromtheshippingcompanyoragent.Seventh,Companiesthatshipgoodsoverseasandtheunitsthatareinchargeoftheshippingofcargomakeanofficecopy.Eighthandninth,distributingshipreceipt.TheshippingagentshouldfillthenamesoftheshipandClearancenumberandreturnthemtotheexporter.Tenth,harborfeeapplicationEleventhandtwelfth,spareleaf,blank.2.ContainerShippingbillofladingAlsocalled"dockreceipt",specialexportdocumentsofthecontainershippingintwelvecopies.Thepurposesoftherespectivelead：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,containershippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder,dockreceiptcopy（fifthleaforiginal）,HarborFeesApplication（attachedsheetofthefifthleaf）.Sixth,CopyofDockReceiptforChiefOfficerSeventh,dockreceiptEighth,shippingagentcopyNinth,Bookingreceipt（1）Tenth,Bookingreceipt（2）Eleventhandtwelfth,theownercanusethemathisorherownwill.OceanExportGoodsAttorneycanbecompiledbytheimportandexportcompanies.ItshouldfilljustthesameasthecontentintheBookingNoteforCargoortherelevantwaysoffillingit.一、海運托運單海運出口托運單是出口人向外運公司提供出運貨物的必要資料，是外運公司向船公司訂艙配載及外輪公司與出口倉庫或生產(chǎn)廠家之間往來提貨的依據(jù)。它雖然不是出口結(jié)匯的正式單據(jù)，但卻是日后制作提單、出口結(jié)匯的主要背景材料。海洋運輸有兩種運輸方式：一種是傳統(tǒng)的散貨運輸；另一種是現(xiàn)代化的集裝箱運輸。兩種不同的運輸方式，分別使用不同的托運單。1.散貨運輸海運出口托運單各聯(lián)用途如下：第一聯(lián)

貨主（一般為出口人）留底；第二聯(lián)

船代理留底；第三聯(lián)

運費通知（1）；第四聯(lián)

運費通知（2）；第五聯(lián)

裝貨單，此聯(lián)經(jīng)船代理蓋章后即確認貨已配定船只，船上工作人員憑以收受貨物；第六聯(lián)

收貸單（即大副收據(jù)），貨物裝上船后，大副在此聯(lián)上簽收，憑此向船公司或船代理換取全套正本提單：第七聯(lián)

外運公司或承辦貨運的單位留底；第八、第九聯(lián)

配船回單，由貨運代理在船只配定后填好船名、關(guān)單號退回出口人；第十聯(lián)

繳納港務(wù)費申請書，又稱“硬卡聯(lián)”，由港務(wù)部門留存，憑以計算港務(wù)費用；第十一、第十二聯(lián)

備用聯(lián)，空白格式。2.集裝箱貨物托運單又稱“場站收據(jù)”，是集裝箱運輸專用出口單證，一式十二聯(lián)，性質(zhì)與散貨運輸托運單相同。

集裝箱貨物托運單各聯(lián)用途如下：第一聯(lián)

貨主留底；第二聯(lián)

集裝箱貨物托運單，船代理留底；第三聯(lián)

運費通知（1）；第四聯(lián)

運費通知（2）；第五聯(lián)

裝貨單，場站收據(jù)副本（第五聯(lián)正聯(lián)），附頁，繳納出口貨物港務(wù)費申請書（第五聯(lián)附頁）第六聯(lián)

場站收據(jù)副本，大副聯(lián)；第七聯(lián)

場站收據(jù)；第八聯(lián)

貨運代理留底；第九聯(lián)

配艙回單（1）；第十聯(lián)

配艙回單（2）；第十一、第十二聯(lián)

由貨主機動使用。海運出口貨物委托書由進出口企業(yè)自行編制，填寫方法與海運出口托運單的有關(guān)欄目相同，可參考托運單相關(guān)填制方法。Ⅱ.BillofLadingB/Lisareceiptthatacarrieroranagentissuestotheconsignorwhenreceivingconsignedgoods.Itisthemostwidely-usedandthemaindocument.Itaffirmsthatthegoodshavebeenreceivedorhavebeenloaded.Itisawrittenproofthatthegoodswillbeshippedtothedestinationandtotheconsignee.B/Lisalsotheproofbywhichtheconsigneegetsthegoodsfromthedestinationportorshippingcompany.ThenatureandfunctionsofB/L：①Cargoreceipt.②Aproofoftheshippingcontract.③Documentoftitle.ThepersonsinvolvedintheB/Lare：carrier,consignor,notifiedparty,assigneeandB/Lholder.TheB/Lisvalidonlyafteritissigned.Theissuingplaceshouldbetheshippingportofthegoods.Theissuingdateshouldbeinconsistentwiththedatewhentheloadingisfinished.TheB/Listhecargoreceipt,soanoriginalshouldbeissued.Butusually,threeoriginalsareissuedinthetradepracticeinrealterms.TherearedifferenttypesofB/Lduetodifferentperspectives.1.Whetherthegoodsareonboard.（1）OnBoardB/L;ShippedB/L.OnBoardB/Lisissuedafterthecarrierputsthegoodsonboard.ItsfeaturesarethatintheB/L,theremustbewordsaboutwhichship,shippingdateandmustbesignedbythecaptainoragent.Accordingtotheuniformcustomspracticedocumentarycredit,iftheL/CusesB/Lasthetransportreceipt,thebanksreceivetheB/Lthathasbeennotedthegoodsareonboardoronandesignatedship.Ininternationaltrade,thesellerareusuallyaskedtoprovideOnBoardB/L.（2）ReceivedforShipmentB/L.Alsocalled"receivedforshipmentbilloflading",itisusuallyissuedwhenthecarrierreceivesthegoodsandthegoodsarewaitingforshipment.UnderreceivedforShipmentB/L,theconsignorcanexchangeittotheonboardB/Lafterthegoodsareonboard.Also,afterthecarrieroragentsignsontheReceivedforShipmentB/Lthatthegoodsareonadesignatedshipwithshippingdate,theonboardB/Lcanbesignedandissued.2.Inaccordancewithwhetherthegoodsinapparentgoodorderornot（1）CleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingstatingthegoods“inapparentgoodorderandcondition”,whichtheshipperdoesnotgiveanyremarksaboutgoodsdamageorinsufficientlypacked.InaccordancewiththeUniformCustomandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,unlesstheletterofcreditexplicitlystipulatestheacceptabletermsorremarks,banksonlyacceptCleanBill.CleanBillisthenecessaryqualificationintransferofbillsoflading.（2）UncleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingthatbearsremarkssuchas“insufficientlypacked”or“defective”.3.Inaccordancewiththeorderoftheconsignee（1）StraightBill（StraightB/L）.InStraightBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisdefinitelywritten,andthispersonaloneisentitledtotakedeliveryofgoods.DuetothefactthatthiskindofB/Lcannotbetransferredtothethirdpartyandcannotcirculate,therefore,itisrarelyusedininternationaltrade.（2）BearerBill（BearerB/L）.InBearerBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisnotwritten.Thiscolumnisonlyremarkedwith“Bearer”orblank.ThepersonwhobearstheB/Lcantakedeliveryofgoods.TheshipperdeliversgoodsonlybyB/L,notbyperson.（3）OrderBill（OrderB/L）.InthiskindofB/L,theconsigneecolumnismadeoutasfollows：“Toorder”,“Toorderof...”etc.ThiskindofB/Lisnegotiablebymeansofendorsement.Therefore,itisusedwidelyininternationaltrade.Endorsementcanbeclassifiedintostraightendorsementandblankendorsement.TheholderoftheB/LshallmakeasignatureandsealontheB/L,anddefinethenameofassignee.Thisiscalledstraightendorsement.IftheassigneewantstotransferthestraightendorsedB/L,anotherendorsementisneeded.IftheholderoftheB/LonlymakesasignatureandsealsontheB/Lbutdoesnotwritethenameofassignee,itiscalledbearerendorsementorblankendorsement.Inaddition,onthebasisofthewayoftransportation,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoDirectB/L,TransshipmentB/LandThroughB/L.Inaccordancewiththewaysofoperationofship,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLinerB/LandCharterpartyB/L.AccordingtowhetherthecontentoftheBillissimpleornot,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLongformB/LandShortformB/L.AccordingtotheuseefficiencyoftheBills,theycanbeclassifiedintoOriginalB/L,CopyB/L,ContainerB/L,CombinedTransportB/LandMultimodalTransportDocumentandsoon.二、海運提單海運提單（BillofLadingB/L）簡稱提單，是承運人或其代理人在收到有關(guān)承運貨物時簽發(fā)給托運人的一種收據(jù)，是目前海運業(yè)務(wù)中使用最為廣泛和主要的運輸單據(jù)。它是證明托運的貨物已經(jīng)收到，或已經(jīng)裝載到船上，并允諾將其運往指定目的地交付收貨人的書面憑證。海運提單也是收貨人在目的港據(jù)以向船公司或其代理人提取貨物的憑證。海運提單具有以下性質(zhì)和作用：①貨物收據(jù)；②運輸契約的證明；③物權(quán)憑證。海運提單的關(guān)系人有承運人、托運人、收貨人、被通知方、受讓人、持單人。提單必須經(jīng)過簽署才能產(chǎn)生效力。提單的簽發(fā)地點為貨物的裝船港，提單的簽發(fā)日期應(yīng)當是貨物實際裝船完畢的日期。提單是貨物收據(jù)，最好簽發(fā)一份正本，但實際業(yè)務(wù)中通常都簽發(fā)三份正本。海運提單，從不同的角度劃分可以將提單分為不同的種類。1.按是否已裝船劃分（1）已裝船提單（OnBoardB/L；ShippedB/L）。它是指承運人已將貨物裝上指定船舶后所簽發(fā)的提單，其特點是提單上必須以文字表明貨物已裝在某條船上，并載有裝船日期，同時還應(yīng)由船長或其代理人簽字。根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定，如信用證要求海運提單作為運輸單據(jù)，銀行將接受注明貨物已裝船或已裝指定船舶的提單。在國際貿(mào)易中，一般要求賣方提供已裝船提單。（2）備運提單（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。它又稱收訖待運提單，是指承運人已收到托運貨物等待裝運期間所簽發(fā)的提單。在簽發(fā)備運提單情況下，發(fā)貨人可在貨物裝船后憑以調(diào)換已裝船提單；也或經(jīng)承運人或其代理人在備運提單上批注貨物已裝上某具名船舶及裝船日期，并簽署后使之成為已裝船提單。2.按提單上對貨物外表狀況有無不良批注（1）清潔提單（CleanB/L）是指貨物在裝船時“表面狀況良好”，承運人在提單上未加注任何