2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(413-414)講義 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯Bagritdismissedtheideathatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselvesandwould‘ruletheworld’,whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays.Bagritforesawatimewhencomputerswouldbesmallenoughtoholdinthehand,whentheywouldbecapableofprovidinginformationabouttrafficjamsandsuggestingalternativeroutes,whentheywouldbeusedinhospitalstohelpdoctorstodiagnoseillnesses,whentheywouldrelieveofficeworkersandaccountantsofdull,repetitiveclericalwork.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析1.Bagritdismissedtheideathatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselvesandwould‘ruletheworld’,whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為Bagritdismissedtheidea。1.thatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselves作idea的同位語(yǔ)從句；2.whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which代指前文所述事件?！驹~匯精講】dismiss/d??sm?s/v.摒棄，解散，解雇，駁回【名】dismissalpredict/pr??d?kt/v.預(yù)測(cè)【名】prediction【近】forecast,foretellJustdismissthosethoughtsfromyourmind-they'recrazyandnotworththinkingabout.別去管那些想法了——那些想法太離譜，不值得考慮。Thedefendinglawyeraskedthatthechargeagainsthisclientbedismissed.辯護(hù)律師請(qǐng)求駁回對(duì)其委托人的指控。It’sstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.現(xiàn)在仍無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào)地震的發(fā)生?！緟⒖甲g文】巴格瑞特摒棄了電腦會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)自己“思考”、會(huì)“統(tǒng)治世界”的想法，當(dāng)時(shí)人們?cè)敢庀嘈胚@些。2.Bagritforesawatimewhencomputerswouldbesmallenoughtoholdinthehand,whentheywouldbecapableofprovidinginformationabouttrafficjamsandsuggestingalternativeroutes,whentheywouldbeusedinhospitalstohelpdoctorstodiagnoseillnesses,whentheywouldrelieveofficeworkersandaccountantsofdull,repetitiveclericalwork.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為Bagritforesawatime。whencomputerswould…whentheywould…whentheywould…whentheywould…作time的定語(yǔ)從句。【詞匯精講】capable/?ke?.p?.b?l/adj.有能力的【組】becapableof【名】capability能力alternative/?l?t??.n?.t?v/adj.可供選擇的n.可選擇的事物【動(dòng)】alter改變diagnose/?da?.?ɡ.n??z/v.診斷【名】diagnosisrelieve/r??li?v/v.緩解，減輕【名】relief【辨】release發(fā)布，釋放accountant/??ka?n.t?nt/n.會(huì)計(jì)【名】account賬戶(hù)repetitive/r??pet.?.t?v/adj.重復(fù)的【動(dòng)】repeat【名】repetitionclerical/?kler.?.k?l/adj.文書(shū)工作的，牧師的【名】clerk秘書(shū)Aforcetenwindiscapableofblowingtheroofsoffhouses.十級(jí)的大風(fēng)能吹走屋頂。Theoppositionpartieshavesofarfailedtosetoutanalternativestrategy.反對(duì)黨到目前為止還沒(méi)有提出其他的策略。Shewasdiagnosedwith/ashavingdiabetes.她被查出患有糖尿病。Shewasgivenashotofmorphinetorelievethepain.醫(yī)生給她注射了一針嗎啡來(lái)止痛?！緟⒖甲g文】巴格瑞特預(yù)測(cè)有一天電腦可以小到拿在手上，可以提供交通擁堵的信息并建議其他路線(xiàn)，可以在醫(yī)院幫醫(yī)生診斷疾病，可以免除辦公室人員和會(huì)計(jì)們枯燥而重復(fù)的行政工作。長(zhǎng)難句拓展Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.①小詞典comeoutof1．由……產(chǎn)生，結(jié)果為……2．經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受3．從……中出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)enrollment/?n?r??lm?nt/n.登記；入伍②句子分析：本句的主干是Thosesocietiescameoutofthewar。thathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞levelsofenrollment。③參考譯文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)剛結(jié)束時(shí)，這些社會(huì)的適齡群體入學(xué)率為3-5%，是戰(zhàn)前的幾十年中保持未變的水平。2.Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar.①小詞典entry/?entri/n.進(jìn)入，加入；出場(chǎng)，蒞臨；門(mén)，入口；進(jìn)入權(quán)，進(jìn)入許可；參賽；參賽作品，競(jìng)賽答題；參賽人數(shù)，報(bào)名人數(shù)；登記，錄入；條目，賬目，記錄extend/?k?stend/v.延伸；擴(kuò)大，延長(zhǎng)；持續(xù)；包括，波及；提供，表示；伸出；使竭盡全力；對(duì)……估價(jià)；繼承（面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言中的一種概念）②句子分析：本句的主干是thedemandextendedtogroupsandsocialclasses。thatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducation和thathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar均為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾先行詞thedemand和groupsandsocialclasses。③參考譯文：這些社會(huì)中對(duì)接受高等教育的需求增加，擴(kuò)大到那些在戰(zhàn)前沒(méi)有想過(guò)上大學(xué)的群體和社會(huì)階層。3.InmanycountriesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,eightor10yearsbythemiddleofthe1970s.①小詞典double/?d?b(?)l/adj.兩倍的，雙的；供兩人用的；雙重的；（花）重瓣的；低八度的adv.兩倍地v.加倍；對(duì)折；擊出二壘安打；兼任；握緊；兼奏，重復(fù)（一個(gè)音符）n.兩倍，兩倍量；酷似的人；替身演員；臥室；雙打；雙料冠軍；一杯雙份的烈酒det.是……兩倍pron雙倍數(shù)（或量）②句子分析：本句的主干是thenumbersdoubledanddoubled。ofstudentsinhighereducation為介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾thenumbers。③參考譯文：在西歐的許多國(guó)家，高等教育的學(xué)生人數(shù)在20世紀(jì)60年代的五年內(nèi)翻了一番，到70年代中期，在七年、八年或十年內(nèi)又翻了一番。4.Andwhenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy,theylargelydefinethenormsofacademiclifeinthatfaculty.①小詞典predominantly/pr??d?m?n?ntli/adv.絕大多數(shù)，主要地postgraduate/?p??st?ɡr?d?u?t/n.<英>研究生；<美>博士，博士后研究人員adj.<英>研究生的；<美>博士后的norm/n??m/n.社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則，行為規(guī)范；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，平均水平；常態(tài)，平常事物；模方faculty/?f?k(?)lti/n.機(jī)能；天賦，才能；（高等院校的）系，院；<美>全體教員；<舊>（某行業(yè)，尤指醫(yī)學(xué)行業(yè)的）全體從業(yè)人員②句子分析：本句的主干是theydefinethenorms。whenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③參考譯文：當(dāng)新員工主要是剛剛研究生畢業(yè)的年輕男女時(shí)，他們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬蠜Q定了該學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)生活規(guī)范。長(zhǎng)難句精講精練1.Insettingoutitsplansforafive-termyear,NottinghamCityCouncilisseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks,withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks,eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak.【句式翻譯】諾丁漢城市委員會(huì)設(shè)立了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，將一學(xué)年劃分為五學(xué)期，并將暑假的時(shí)間減少為四周半，這樣一來(lái)，五個(gè)學(xué)期均有八周的時(shí)間，每個(gè)學(xué)期之后都有兩周的休息時(shí)間。【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，NottinghamCityCouncil作主語(yǔ)，isseeking作謂語(yǔ)，eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，settingout…和toreduce…在句中賓語(yǔ)。【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)seekvt.&vi.尋找；探索；尋求；固定短語(yǔ)：seekfor尋找；尋求；seekafter尋求Richardsoughttospeaktoher.理查德尋找機(jī)會(huì)與她說(shuō)話(huà)。Wesoughtananswertothequestion,butcouldn’tfindone.我們尋求這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案，可是沒(méi)能找到。Mostmenseekforwealth;allmenseekforhappiness.大多數(shù)人都追求財(cái)富;但所有的人都希望獲得幸福。Onemustn’tonlyseekaftercomfort,personalfameandgains.一個(gè)人不應(yīng)當(dāng)只貪圖安逸，追名逐利。2）balancevt.平衡；權(quán)衡balancedadj.平衡的，均衡的Wehavetobalancethegoodpointsagainstthebadandthenmakeadecision.我們必須權(quán)衡優(yōu)劣，然后做出決定。Youmustlearntokeepyourbalancewhileskating.在溜冰時(shí)你得學(xué)會(huì)保持平衡。Abalanceddietandregularexercisearebothimportantforourhealth.均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的鍛煉對(duì)我們的健康很重要?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）不定式todo作賓語(yǔ)2）doing作賓語(yǔ)：①介詞后常接doing作賓語(yǔ)，如：Shelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.她沒(méi)說(shuō)什么就離開(kāi)了房間。②有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)詞有：finish,imagine,fancy,insiston,enjoy,escape,consider,can’thelp（禁不?。?admit,avoid,mind,miss,practise,keep,resist,appreciate,putoff＝delay,suggest,advise,allow,permit,forbid,ban,prohibit,forgive,excuse,risk,tolerate,recommend,stand,feellike,lookforwardto,prefer…to…等。如：Headmittedtakingthewatch.他承認(rèn)拿了手表。Muchasshelikeshim,shewouldneverconsidermarryinghim.盡管她很喜歡他,但她并不打算嫁給他。③begin，start，like，prefer,hate后既可接todo也可接doing作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別不大，如：Helikesplaying/toplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。④stop，try，goon,remember,forget,mean,regret后面用doing或todo不定式,意思不一樣。stopdoing停止做stoptodo停下來(lái)開(kāi)始做trydoing試一試做trytodo盡力做，企圖做goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）goontodo繼續(xù)做（不同的事）rememberdoing記著做了remembertodo記著要做forgetdoing忘記做了forgettodo忘記要做meandoing意味著meantodo打算做regretdoing后悔做了regrettodo遺憾要做比較：Iforgotteachingthestudentsthewords.我忘記了曾教過(guò)學(xué)生們這些詞。（已經(jīng)教過(guò)）Iforgottoteachthestudentsthewords.我忘了教學(xué)生們這些詞。（未教）2.Thecomputerburstintolifeandsecondlater,thescreenturnedintocolors,shiftingandchangingandthentwobigwhitewordsappearedinthecenterofthescreen:“SPACETRANSPORTER.”【句式翻譯】電腦突然活躍起來(lái)，幾秒鐘后屏幕變成彩色，圖像開(kāi)始不斷變換，然后屏幕中間出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)白色大字：“空間運(yùn)輸車(chē)”?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫遣⒘羞B詞and連接的復(fù)合句，shiftingandchanging在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】burstinto…匆匆進(jìn)入（某處）；突然開(kāi)始（某事）；突然進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）Thedoorwassuddenlypushedopenandheburstintothehouse.門(mén)忽然推開(kāi)，他闖進(jìn)了屋來(lái)。Suddenlytheleadingcarintheraceburstintosight.突然，比賽中的那輛領(lǐng)先的車(chē)出現(xiàn)了。Theplaneburstintoflames,killingtwooftheairmenonboard.飛機(jī)突然起火,機(jī)上的兩名飛行員喪生?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)3.Peopletodaypreferlivingtogethertoputtingtheirsignaturesonamarriagecertificatebecausetheyrefusetoacceptresponsibilityfortherelationship.【句式翻譯】現(xiàn)在的人寧可同居，卻不愿在結(jié)婚證上簽字，因?yàn)樗麄兙芙^為這種關(guān)系負(fù)責(zé)。【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，because在句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，livingtogether，puttingtheirsignatures和toaccept都作賓語(yǔ)?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】prefervt.更喜歡；寧愿Somepeopleliketolieonthebeach,butIprefergoing/togosightseeing.有些人喜歡在海灘上躺著,但我喜歡去游覽.表示“寧愿……而不愿……”，“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，其基本句型是：①prefer…to…，主要用于比較兩個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)名詞Iprefertheseasidetothemountains.我喜歡海邊，不喜歡山區(qū)。Ipreferquestioningmypupilstolecturingthem.我喜歡少講課，多提問(wèn)我的學(xué)生。②prefer…ratherthan…，主要用于比較兩個(gè)不定式（后面的不定式通常省略to，但前面的不定式必須帶to）Hepreferstoreadratherthanwatchtelevision.他喜歡讀書(shū)而不喜歡看電視?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）不定式todo作賓語(yǔ)2）doing作賓語(yǔ)4.Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuittobeenjoyedbyall,theprogramallowsstrangerstocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.【句式翻譯】除了鼓勵(lì)把閱讀當(dāng)作所有的人的一種追求外，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目還允許陌生人在汽車(chē)上通過(guò)討論這本書(shū)來(lái)交流，同時(shí)宣傳把閱讀當(dāng)作家庭和學(xué)校共享的一次體驗(yàn)?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫呛?jiǎn)單句，theprogram作主語(yǔ)，allows作謂語(yǔ)，strangers作賓語(yǔ)，tocommunicate…作賓補(bǔ)，encouraging…和discussing…都作介詞賓語(yǔ)?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)inadditionto除……之外，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞inaddition此外；還有Inadditiontohissalary,hehasabonusof500yuanpermonth.除工資外，他每月還有五百元錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)金。Weneedmoneyandtime;inaddition,weneedopportunity.我們需要金錢(qián)和時(shí)間，此外我還需