沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷02（新高考專用）

沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷（新高考專用）真題重組卷02注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．（2022·全國·高考真題）Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Checkthemap.B．Leavetherestaurant.C．Parkthecar.【答案】C【原文】M:Wehavetofindaparkingspace.Let’sdrivearoundtheblockonemoretime.Didyousaytherestauranthasnooffstreetparkingatall?W:None.Icheckedit.Look,thereisaspace!2．（2022·全國·高考真題）Whatdidthespeakersdolastweek?A．Theyhadacelebrationdinner.B．Theywenttoseeanewbornbaby.C．Theysentamailtotheirneighbors.【答案】B【原文】M:Laura,what’sinthemailbox?W:It’sathankyounotefromourneighbour.Theythankusforvisitingthemlastweekwhenthebabywasborn.TheyalsoinviteustohavedinnernextFriday.M:Aretheybackhomenow?W:Shouldbe.3．（2022·全國·高考真題）Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttodo?A．Dosomeexercise.B．Getanextrakey.C．Orderroomservice.【答案】A【原文】M:Excuseme,whereisthehotelgym,please?W:It’sonthetopfloor.Youcantaketheliftoverthere.M:DoIhavetopayextra?W:No,sir,youjustneedtotakeyourroomkeywithyou.4．（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）WhatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?A．Gocamping. B．Visitafriend. C．Watchafilm.【答案】C【原文】W:Jack,areyougoingcampingwithyourfriendsthisweekend?M:Itdepends.Ifit’ssunny,we’llgo.W:Theweathermansaysit’sgoingtorain.M:Inthatcase,we’llgotothecinemainstead.5．（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）WhenwillthemanseeBob?A．ThisFriday. B．ThisSaturday. C．NextMonday.【答案】B【原文】W:BobcameoutofhospitallastFriday.Haveyougotachancetovisithim?M:IplantoseehimthisSaturday.W:Aren’tyougoingtotheconferencethen?M:No.IthasbeenrescheduledfornextMonday.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7小題。（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）6．WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?A．Toaskforadvice. B．Toarrangeanouting. C．Tocancelanappointment.7．WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?A．Gotoadinnerparty. B．TalktoSarainperson. C．Workonthenewcase.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】M:Hello,Sara.W:Hello,David.Ican’tefordinnertonight.Sorry.M:Oh,whathappened?W:We’vegotanewcaseandthingsgetprettycrazyhereintheoffice.M:Well,thenI’lletoyou.W:No,no,nottonight.LetmeseeifIcanarrangeanothernight.M:Sara,please.Weneedtotalk.It’saboutmyjob.W:Thentellmeonthephone.M:No,it’sbetterifwedoitinperson.Howabouttomorrownight?W:I’mnotsure.Youcangivemeacalltomorrowafternoon.M:OK.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9小題。（2022·全國·高考真題）8．Whydoesthewomanetotheman?A．Toaskforpermission.B．Toextendaninvitation.C．Toexpressthanks.9．Whenarethestudentsgoingtothemuseum?A．OnFriday. B．OnSaturday. C．OnSunday.【答案】8．A9．B【原文】W:Mr.Wilson,studentsfromClass2wanttovisitthehistorymuseum.WillitbeallrightifItakethemtherethisweekend?M:Howabouttheirrevisiontest?Aretheythroughwithit?W:Yes,theyare.M:Inthatcase,youcangoahead.Trytofinishitwithinoneday,sothatthestudentsstillhaveawholedaytorestonSunday.W:Allright.I’llmanage.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12小題。（2022·全國·高考真題）10．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Buyinggroceries.B．Choosinggifts.C．Seeingfriends.11．WhoisClara?A．Theman’swife.B．Theman’ssister.C．Theman’sdaughter.12．Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecitypasses?A．$36. B．$50. C．$150.【答案】10．B11．C12．C【原文】M:Hi,Linda.Fancyseeingyouhere.Howlonghaveyoubeenshopping?W:Almostanhour.Ihavealottobuy.MydaughterMelissa’sbirthdayising.I’mtryingtogetheragoodgift,butIdon’tknowwhattochoose.Sheseemstohaveeverythingsheloves.M:Yeah,thesameasClara.We’vealreadyhadbagsoftoysshe’snolongerplayingwith.Sothisyear,wedidn’tbuyhermaterialthings.Wegaveheranexperiencegift.W:What’sthat?M:Acitypass,withwhichshecanvisit12differentattractions,includingthenationalhistorymuseum,thesciencemuseum,thezoo,andmore.W:Howmuchisit?M:Fiftydollarsperperson,forayearlongpass.Iboughtthreeforthewholefamily.W:Soyoucanhaveadifferentoutingeverymonthfortheentireyear.Whatagreatidea!聽第9段材料，回答第13至16小題。（2021·全國·高考真題）13．WhydidSarahmakethephonecall?A．Toaskafavor.B．Topassonamessage.C．Tomakeanappointment.14．WhereisSarahnow?A．InBrighton. B．Atherhome. C．AttheSheltonHotel.15．WhattimeisMichaelleavinghisplacetomorrowmorning?A．At7：40. B．At8：00. C．At8：20.16．WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandSarah?A．Neighbors. B．Fellowworkers. C．Husbandandwife.【答案】13．A14．B15．A16．C【原文】W:Hello,Michael.M:Hi,Sarah.W:AreyouattendingtheconferencetomorrowmorningattheSheltonHotel?M:Yes.Areyou?W:Yeah,butwhenIarrivedhomefiveminutesago,Ifoundthatmycarwouldn'tstart.AndJohnisinBrightononbusiness.M:Doyouknowwhat’swrongwiththecar?W:I’mnotexactlysure.Ithinkthereisaproblemwiththeengine.Err…Iwonderifyoucouldgivemearidetothehoteltomorrowmorning.M:Sure.WhenshallIbeatyourplace?W:Well,whatabout8:00?FrommyplacetoShelton,wehavetodrivethroughthequarters,sowe’dbetterleaveearlytoavoidthetraffic.M:OK.Noproblem.Ittakestwentyminutestoreachyourplace.SoI’llsetoffat7:40.Bytheway,doyoualsoneedmetodriveyouhometomorrowafternoon?W:No,Johnwillbebackthen,andhe’llgetmehome.Thankyou,Michael.M:That’sokay.Seeyoutomorrow.聽第10段材料，回答17、18、19、20小題。（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）17．WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?A．Sheplantedvegetables.B．Shewenttoayardsale.C．Shevisitedhergrandpa.18．WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?A．Aplaneticket. B．Afamilyphoto. C．Apostcard.19．WheredoesMarklive?A．LosAngeles. B．Chicago. C．Philadelphia.20．WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?A．Brotherandsister. B．Husbandandwife. C．Fatheranddaughter.【答案】17．C18．A19．C20．A【原文】W:Morning,Mark.M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa’s.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.W:Novels?M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticketfrom2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.W:Wasit?M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthemoftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.HesaiditwasboughtatasecondhandbookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister’soldbooklandedinyourhands.That’sreallycrazy.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2022·全國·高考真題）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.22．Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero. B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest. D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】21．C22．B23．A【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標題“Essays(60%)”以及“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B項。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。B（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline”activity.24．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook. B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum. D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.25．Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect. B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading. D．Workandleisure.26．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.27．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.【答案】24．A25．C26．A27．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章是對一本書的介紹，主要介紹了印刷書籍和閱讀對人類的重要意義。24．推理判斷題。Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.(在這本“書之書”中，藝術品的選擇和排列方式強調(diào)了不同時代和文化之間的聯(lián)系)”以及第三段“Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect,wealthorfaithofthesubject.(書籍本身可以在繪畫中象征性地用來展示智慧，主體的財富或信仰)”和最后一段“Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.(從21世紀的角度來看，這本印刷書無疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動性)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷書的扉頁，即對該書的介紹。故選A。25．細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(藝術品的選擇和排列方式強調(diào)了不同時代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們在家里或學校學習閱讀的場景，這本書是幾代人之間關系的焦點)”可知，選定的藝術品是關于書籍和閱讀的。故選C。26．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(藝術品的選擇和排列方式強調(diào)了不同時代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們在家里或學校學習閱讀的場景，這本書是幾代人之間關系的焦點)”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(這些場景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了一些時刻)”可推知，此處指書籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶，故與畫線短語“relateto”意思最相近的為A項“理解、認識到”。故選A。27．推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“itremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader(它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動性)”以及“printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline”activity(印刷書籍仍然提供了完全私人的“離線”活動的機會)”可推知，本文作者提到電子閱讀器想表達的是印刷書籍并沒有完全過時。故選A。C（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbeinghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwellbeing.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredparkgoers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehumannatureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.28．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A．Pocketparksarenowpopular. B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.29．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A．Toparedifferenttypesofparkgoers. B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.30．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B．Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C．Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D．Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.31．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy. B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation. D．Interculturalmunication.【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。城市化讓人們越來越難以接觸到自然，但一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生自然對人類健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團隊對一座大型城市公園的游客進行調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然的互動可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語言，幫助人們認識和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動。該研究呼吁保護城市中的野生自然。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbeinghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運的話，你住的地方附近可能會有一個袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對天然的地方是罕見的)”可知，文章開頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象，在城市里，人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredparkgoers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客，要求他們在網(wǎng)上提交一份書面總結，描述他們在公園里與大自然有意義的互動。然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分為不同的類別)”可知，研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動的活動把游客分類，再根據(jù)第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在這320份提交的作品中，一種被研究人員稱為“自然語言”的分類模式開始出現(xiàn)。在對所有提交的內(nèi)容進行編碼后，有六個類別被認為對游客最重要)”可知，研究人員對參與者提交的內(nèi)容進行了分類，以便在游客的總結中找到模式，并確定對游客最重要的自然體驗。通過這樣做，他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語言”，幫助人們認識并參與對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動。選項D準確地反映了這一目的。故選D。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一種自然體驗創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語言，這有助于人們認識并參與到對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會讓一個年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動方式)”可知，本段講述了自然體驗創(chuàng)造一種可用的語言，有助于人們識別并參與對自己來說最滿意最有意義的活動，接下來以一個年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說明，去公園時沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意，回到市中心工作時他可以通過沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知，從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehumannatureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語言，幫助將人類與自然的互動帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點，我們還需要保護自然，這樣我們才能與它互動，”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說。)”可推斷，彼得·卡恩認為在我們與大自然互動之前我們應該先要保護自然。故選B。D（2020·海南·高考真題）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsinpetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.32．WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A．Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B．ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC．ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD．Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.33．WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A．NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB．Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C．NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD．Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.34．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Failurecanleadtoprogress. B．SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC．Failureshouldbeavoided. D．Successesfromjointefforts.35．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport B．Ashortstory.C．Abookreview D．Aresearcharticle.【答案】32．A33．C34．A35．C【分析】這是一篇議論文。主要講述了對彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設計：理解失敗》的評論，工程設計可能會因為某些原因帶來失敗，但失敗才能帶來進步。32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個50歲生日聚會。這座橋禁止機動車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預計將有5萬人到場。相反，多達80萬人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當25萬人在橋上時，工程師們注意到了一個可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量超過了它的承受能力。故選A。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsinpetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，雖然他承認工程設計可能會因為那些想出或設計它們的人只是把事情弄錯了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時，由于一個好的設計是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建造的，所以裝置會失敗?；蛘?，一個設計工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是無害的改進，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推測出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災難都是由工程設計引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進步。因此可以看出，A項與此相呼應，即失敗能帶來進步，故選A。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個故事是《原諒設計：理解失敗》一書中的一個，這本書既是對工程的一封情書，也是對其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本書里的內(nèi)容以及評價，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會遇到他們以前聽過的故事，還會遇到一些新的故事和關于工程師對公眾的責任以及如何幫助年輕工程師掌握它們的動人討論。再結合最后一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進步。因此可以推測出，這些內(nèi)容都是關于這本書的評論，因為這篇文章是書評，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·全國·高考真題）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixthfloorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofpanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A．Notallthecustomersaretourists.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandafortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答案】36．F37．C38．G39．E40．A【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段時間了解到的法國人的一些生活習慣的經(jīng)歷。36．下文“Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixthfloorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.(所以我們做的第一件事就是租了一個非常昂貴第六層的公寓，只有一個櫥柜那么大)”說明作者和丈夫采取行動，租了昂貴的公寓，F(xiàn)項“我們的目標是看看我們是否在某種程度上能像真正的巴黎人那樣生活?！闭f明作者和丈夫租昂貴公寓的原因，引出下文，符合題意。故選F項。37．上文“UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbingworked.(與普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”說明作者租的公寓的情況，C項“有一個漂亮的廚房和一張舒適的床”繼續(xù)說明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合題意。故選C項。38．下文“Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.(法國草莓嘗起來不像紙板。相反，它們會像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸)”說明法國的草莓很美味，G項中delicious是關鍵詞，G項“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂”引出下文，符合題意。故選G項。39．下文“MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!(我丈夫和我都認為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!)”說明法國的水果好吃但是很貴，E項“這并不是法國人吃得比我們少的唯一原因”承接上文法國人吃的少但是不胖的話題，并引出下文，說明法國人吃的少的另一個原因“物價昂貴”