巖石力學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯

土木工程專業(yè)課程雙語教學(xué)巖石力學(xué)英語專業(yè)詞匯必備(主要選自CHARLESJAEGER著,ROCKMECHANICSANDENGINEERING之SUBJECTINDEX)戴俊西安科技大學(xué)建筑與土木工程學(xué)院二零零三年八月Forbi-linguisticteachingofacourseincivilengineeringspecialtyESSENCIALENGLISHglossarYFORROCKMECHANICS(mainlyFROMTHESUBJECTINDEXOFROCKMECHANICSANDENGINEERINGBYCHARLESJAEGER)J.DAIArchitechureandCivilEngineeringCollegeofXi’anUniversityofScienceandTechnologyAugust,3002Aabscissa橫坐標agar巖石，石頭，瓊脂ageofrocks巖石〔地質(zhì)〕年代，巖石時效voidindex，indexofvoid空隙系數(shù)agingofrockmasses巖體的時效air，Permeabilityofrockto巖石的透氣性altazimuth高度方位角，地平經(jīng)緯儀alluvium沖積土，沖積層，泥沙alterationofrock巖石遍化，巖層變化AmericanSocietyofEngineeringGeologists美國工程地質(zhì)協(xié)會AmericanTaskCommittee美國特別工作委員會amphibolite閃巖amortization阻尼anchorageofcables索錨固，鋼索錨固anchoredcables錨索compressiontestswithcables利用錨索進行的壓縮試驗forcesincables錨索中的力rockreinforcement巖石加固，sheartestswithcables錨索剪切試驗anchoreddams錨固壩，錨桿支護壩體anchors，steel〔rockbolts〕鋼錨桿andesite安山石anisotropy各向異性，有向性，非均質(zhì)性analysisof~各向異性分析~ofrockmasses巖體的各向異性~ofrockmaterial巖石材料的的各向異性anticline背斜archofrock，selfsustaining自穩(wěn)巖石〔平衡〕拱archdams拱壩abutmentsof~拱壩的根底，壩基，拱壩支撐結(jié)構(gòu)drainagefor~拱壩排水foundationsof~拱壩根底reserveofstrengthof~拱壩的強度儲藏rotationofbaseof~拱壩根底的旋轉(zhuǎn)archgravitydams重力拱壩，拱形重力壩arching，degreeof成拱度，成拱性argilolith(一種巖石)Austrianmethod奧地利施工法~forestimatingrockjointing奧地利巖石節(jié)理評估法~forinsitutunneltests奧地利隧道現(xiàn)場試驗法~fortunnellining奧地利隧道支護法AustrianSocietyforGeophysicsandEngineeringGeology奧地利地球物理與工程地質(zhì)協(xié)會AustrianSocietyofRockMechanies奧地利巖石力學(xué)協(xié)會autostabilizationofrockslides巖石滑坡自穩(wěn)化avalanches，comparisonofrockslidesto巖石滑坡與雪崩的比照azimuth方位角，方位Bbasalt玄武巖beddingjoints層理orientationof~層理方向bendingtest，fortensilestrength彎曲拉伸試驗bentonite優(yōu)質(zhì)粘土bibliography文獻，評述，參考書目biotite黑云母biotitegneiss黑云母片麻巖biotiteschists黑云母片巖birefringencemethodofmeasuringresidualrockstress原巖應(yīng)力雙折射測試法blasting，stressescausedby爆破引起的應(yīng)力，爆破應(yīng)力blow－outofrockmassesunderdam壩基下的鼓出巖石Bolts(同rockbolts)錨桿boreholes鉆孔~ingroutingofdamfoundations壩基澆筑混凝土中的鉆孔measuringdeformationsof~鉆孔變形測量Boussinesq鮑賽恩斯Boussinesq-Cerruttiequation鮑賽恩斯-斯蘭提方程Boussinesqhalf-space鮑賽恩斯半空間Braziliantensiletest巴西拉伸試驗brittlefractureofrock巖石脆性破壞，巖石脆性斷裂~atsurface地表巖石脆性破壞~underdams壩基巖石脆性破壞~atVajont威捷巖石脆性破壞bucklingstrength彎曲強度buttress撐墻，支柱buttressdams支撐壩buttresses，failureof支撐體破壞Ccables，anchored錨索consolidationbymeansof~錨索加固~forin-situtestsofdeformation用于現(xiàn)場變形試驗的錨索calcite方解石Cambrianrocks寒武紀巖石Carboniferousrocks石炭紀巖石catchment集水，匯水cavingandsubsidence垮落與沉陷，塌陷與下沉cavities，strainsandstressesabout峒室周圍的應(yīng)變與應(yīng)力~Hayashi’ssolution哈亞斯的峒室周圍的應(yīng)變與應(yīng)力解cave巖洞cavern巖洞，大洞cement，groutingwith水泥注漿，水泥灌漿cementedrock膠結(jié)性巖石chalk白堊characteristics特性，特點，特征~ofrockmasses巖石的特征~ofrockmaterial巖石礦物的特性chemicaleffectsofwateronrock水對巖石的化學(xué)影響，水對巖石的化學(xué)作用chert角石，黑硅石chlorite綠泥巖，亞氯酸巖circularloadedplate，strainsunder應(yīng)變條件下的圓形加載盤circumfrentialstresses，roundcavities峒室周圍的環(huán)向〔或切向〕應(yīng)力classificationofrocks巖石分類~bycrusningstrengthofrocks依據(jù)破碎強度的巖石分類~byradialpermeabilitytests依據(jù)徑向滲透試驗的巖石分類cleft劈裂conventionalclassification傳統(tǒng)分類法engineeringclassificationofintactrocks完整巖石的工程分類geologicalclassificationofrocks巖石的地質(zhì)分類classificationofrocksbyage依據(jù)地質(zhì)年代的巖石分類classificationofrocksaccordngto：hardness，density，siliconcontent，rockmaterial，rockqualitydesignation(Q.R.D)依據(jù)硬度，密度，硅含量，巖石礦物，巖石質(zhì)量指標的巖石分類rockslides巖石滑動，巖石滑移sandstones砂巖Strain-stresscurves應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線elasticrockmasses，theoryofstressesin彈性巖體中的應(yīng)力理論clastic碎屑的clay-shales粘土質(zhì)頁巖clayeyschists粘土質(zhì)片巖，含粘土片巖clays粘土，泥土shearstrengthof~粘土的剪切強度slopesof~粘土邊坡cleftwaterpressure裂隙水壓力~onslopes邊坡裂隙水壓力~ontunnels隧道裂隙水壓力~underdams壩底裂隙水壓力coagutant凝結(jié)劑coal煤cobble大卵石cohesionofrock巖石的粘性lossof~巖石粘性損失lowvaluesof~巖石粘性低值collapseoftunnelrooforwall隧道冒頂或片幫compactedrock壓實巖石，壓密巖石compactnessofrockmass巖體的壓實度compression〔crushing〕strength壓縮〔破碎〕強度conglomerate碎屑巖，礫石correlationsof~withelasticity壓縮強度與彈性的關(guān)系~withrateofloading壓縮強度與加載率的關(guān)系~withrebound壓縮強度與回彈的關(guān)系compression〔crushing〕strengthofdryandwetrock枯燥和含水巖石的抗壓〔破碎〕強度compressionstrengthtests抗壓強度試驗dispersionofresultof~壓應(yīng)力試驗結(jié)果的離差compressionstress壓應(yīng)力distributionof~壓應(yīng)力分布~inrockmasses巖體中的壓應(yīng)力~onrocksamples巖石試件中的壓應(yīng)力分布scaleeffectincompressionstrengthtests壓應(yīng)力試驗的尺寸效應(yīng)compressionchamber壓力室in-situcompressionstresstests現(xiàn)場壓應(yīng)力試驗Computer,useof計算機的應(yīng)用concrete混凝土boundarybetweenrockand~巖石與混凝土的邊界comparisonsofrockand~巖石與混凝土的比擬compressiontestson~混凝土壓縮〔力〕試驗creepof~混凝土蠕變elasticityof~混凝土彈性sheartestson~混凝土剪切試驗stabilizationofpotentialrockslidesby~利用混凝土穩(wěn)定潛在的巖石滑坡tunnelslinedwith~混凝土支護的隧道upliftpressurein~混凝土中的凍脹壓力，混凝土中的向上水壓力concreting：earlyconcretingtechnique混凝土澆筑：早期的混凝土澆筑技術(shù)，早期的混凝土應(yīng)用技術(shù)conglomerates骨料，集料consolidationofrockmassesbycades,bygrouting錨索巖體加固，巖體注漿加固consolidationofrockmassesunderload載荷作用下的巖體加固continuumrockmechancs連續(xù)巖石力學(xué)contourdiagrams等高線圖，輪廓線圖convergenceintunnels隧道中的收斂correlationsofrockcharacteristics巖石特性的相關(guān)性counterfort護墻，擋墻crushingstrength，tensilestrength，shearstrengthversusvoidindex破碎強度，抗拉強度，抗剪強度與空隙度〔性〕dispersionofcrushingstrengthversusradalpercolationtests抗壓強度與徑向滲透試驗的離散性dispersionofEd(dynamic)versusEs(static),Ed/Esversuswavelenthλ,E(plateloadtests)versustransversalvelocity動態(tài)Ed與靜態(tài)Es，Ed/Es與波長λ，E〔板加載試驗〕與橫波波速的離散性Coulomb〔Coulomb-Mohr〕lawofshear庫侖〔庫侖-莫爾〕剪應(yīng)力定律或準那么counterforts拱柱cracksinGriffiththeoryofrockrupture格里菲斯巖石斷裂理論中的裂紋creep蠕變~ofconcrete混凝土蠕變continuous~intheslide,ofrockmasses,ofrockmaterial滑坡中的連續(xù)蠕變，巖體蠕變，巖石礦物蠕變velocityof~蠕變速度cretaceousrocks白堊紀巖石crossjoints交叉節(jié)理，穿透節(jié)理~insedimentaryrocks沉積巖中的交叉節(jié)理crushingofrockmasses巖石破碎~roundtunnels隧道周圍的巖體破碎crushingstrength破碎強度crystallinerock晶狀巖石crystallography結(jié)晶學(xué)Ddamabutmentblocks大壩側(cè)向支撐體，大壩端部支撐體damabutments大壩側(cè)向支撐，大壩端部支撐displacementsof~大壩側(cè)向支撐的位移elasticityof~大壩側(cè)向支撐的彈性failureof~大壩側(cè)向支撐的破壞modelsof大壩側(cè)向支撐模型reinforcementof~大壩側(cè)向支撐的加固stabilityof~大壩側(cè)向支撐的穩(wěn)定性stressesin~大壩側(cè)向支撐中的應(yīng)力damfoundations壩根底anchorageofdams壩體錨固blowoutofrockmassesunderadam壩下方得巖體爆裂classicalapproach經(jīng)典方法consolidationof~壩基加固designandconstructionof~壩基的設(shè)計與施工displacementsof~壩基位移drainageof~壩基排水groutingfor~壩基注漿failuresof~壩基的破壞geomechanicalmodeltestsof~壩基的地質(zhì)力學(xué)〔巖土力學(xué)〕模型試驗groutingof~壩基注漿percolatingwaterin~壩基滲水reinforcementof~壩基加固rockssuitablefor~壩基巖石穩(wěn)定性rotationof~壩基旋轉(zhuǎn)stabilityof~壩基穩(wěn)定性stratifiedfoundations層狀根底stressesin~壩基中的應(yīng)力zoneoftensilestresses拉應(yīng)力區(qū)dams壩，大壩，水壩choiceofsitesfor~大壩位置選擇groutcurtainunder~壩下注漿帷幕modeltestsof~大壩模型試驗profileof~大壩剖面，大壩輪廓，大壩側(cè)面settlementoflarge~大壩沉降deflectometers撓度計，撓度儀deformabilityofrock巖石變形能力，巖石變形性deformation變形irreversible~不可逆變形，塑性變形measurementof~變形測量modulusof~變形模量reversible~可逆變形，彈性變形~insettlementoflargedams壩基沉降中的變形densityofrock巖石密度deviation〔standard〕偏差，〔標準〕偏差diabase輝綠巖diorite閃長巖dipofstrata地層傾向，巖層傾斜detritus巖屑，碎屑discontinuitiesinrock巖石中的斷層，巖石中的間斷面displacementcurves，insheartests剪切試驗中的位移曲線displacementvectors位移矢量displacements位移~indamabutments壩支撐位移~indamfoundations壩基位移~underloadingplates加載板作用下的位移~underpointloads點載荷下的位移Doggerlimestone朵格爾石灰?guī)rdolomite白云巖，白云石‘doorstopper’methodofmeasuringstraininrock巖石中應(yīng)變測量的‘門塞’法drainage排水，排水裝置~oftunnels隧道排水dynamictests動態(tài)試驗dynamicsofslides滑坡動力學(xué)Eearthdams土壩，泥土壩earthquake地震effectivecohesion有效內(nèi)聚力，有效粘結(jié)力，有效凝聚力effectivemoduusandPoissonratio有效模量與泊松比effectivestress有效應(yīng)力~inrockmasses巖體中的有效應(yīng)力~inrockmaterial巖石中的有效應(yīng)力effectiveshearstress有效剪應(yīng)力effluent滲漏，流出elasticdeformationofrock巖石的彈性變形elasticitymodulusEofconcrete混凝土的彈性模量E~comparedwiththatofrock與巖石相比下的混凝土的彈性模量elasticitymodulusE〔static〕ofrock巖石的〔靜態(tài)〕彈性模量E~atdepth深部巖石的彈性模量correlationofdiffererentdeterminationsof~不同方法確定的彈性模量關(guān)系elasticity彈性，彈力determinationsof~indamsdesigningfoundation壩基設(shè)計中的彈性確定determinationsof~byseismicwave彈性的地震波法確定determinationsof~ininvestigationofdamsites壩表達場研究中的彈性確定determinationsof~byultrasonicwave彈性的超聲波法確定~instrain-stresscalcutalions應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力計算中的彈性確定elasticitymodulusEd〔dynamid〕ofrock巖石的〔動態(tài)〕彈性模量Edratioofstaticmodulusto~巖石的靜態(tài)模量與動態(tài)模量比elasticitymodulusEt〔ratioofvaluesat50％and100％ultimatestrength〕彈性模量Et〔50%極限強度與100%極限強度時的模量值比〕elasticitymodulusEtotal(ratioofstresstodeformation：bulkmodulus)彈性模量Etotal〔應(yīng)力與變形比：體積寞量〕electricalresistivitymethodoftestingrockmasses巖體試驗的電阻法epoxyresin環(huán)氧樹脂coatingorrocksamplewith~環(huán)氧樹脂涂層或涂有環(huán)氧樹脂的巖石試件strengthof~環(huán)氧樹脂的強度equipotential等位，等電位excavations峒室，開挖rockmovementscausedby~開挖引起的巖石位移〔移動〕extensometers伸長計，變形測定儀~forboreholes鉆孔伸長計，鉆孔變形測定儀sonor~帶聲響的變形測定儀extrados拱背線，外拱線Ffailureofrock巖石破壞，巖石斷裂brittlefailure,shearfailure,tensilefailure,visco-plasticfailure脆性破壞，剪切破壞，拉伸破壞，粘-塑形破壞progressivefailureofrockmass巖體的漸進破壞failureofdamfoundations壩基破壞failureofrockslopes巖石邊坡破壞failureoftunnelsandcaverns隧道與峒室破壞failurecriterion破壞準那么，斷裂準那么failures破壞fallofrock巖石冒落，冒頂faultsinrock巖石中的斷層bolingof~巖石斷層錨固~andengineeringworks巖石斷層與工程施工fillingmaterialin~巖石斷層中的沖填材料slidesalong~沿巖石斷層的滑動felspar長石fillingmaterial填充物，填充材料effectofpercolatingwaterin~填充物中滲水的影響testson~填充物試驗finiteelementmethod〔f.e.m.〕ofnumericalstressanalysis巖石應(yīng)力分析的有限元方法fissurationporosity破壞的多孔性fissureinrock巖石中的裂紋，巖石中的裂縫~alongdamheel沿壩跟〔踵〕巖石裂縫classificationof~巖石裂縫分類~andcompressionstrength巖石裂縫與抗壓強度deformationof~巖石裂縫變形~andeffectiveelasticity巖石裂縫與有效彈性estimatesofextentof~巖石破裂的程度估計groutingof~巖石裂縫注漿~overpressuretumels壓力隧洞上方的巖石裂縫rockslidealong~沿巖石裂縫的巖石滑動~andstability巖石裂縫與穩(wěn)定性~andstressdistribution巖石裂縫與應(yīng)力分布tensilestrengthandaveragelengthof~抗拉強度與巖石裂縫平均長度waterflowin~巖石裂縫中的水流Waterpressurein~巖石裂縫中的水壓力flood,damfailurecausedby涌水引起的大壩破壞flowofrockmasses巖體流，泥石流continuousflow,discontinuousflow連續(xù)流與間斷流flowofwaterinrockmasses巖石中的水流convergentordivergentflow聚集流與發(fā)散流foliation,planeof生葉面，葉理面，分層面foundation根底fracturesofrock巖石斷裂，巖石裂縫correlationbetweenRQDandfrequencyof~巖石質(zhì)量指標與巖石破裂頻率的關(guān)系flowofwaterin~巖石裂縫中的水流planeof~巖石破裂面friction摩擦angleof~摩擦角angleof~fordifferentrocks不同巖石的摩擦角testsforangleof~摩擦角試驗coefficientof~摩擦系數(shù)coefficientof~forfillingmaterial填充材料的摩擦系數(shù)internal~,internal~angle內(nèi)摩擦，內(nèi)摩擦角frictionfactor摩擦系數(shù)~amongfaults斷層間的摩擦系數(shù)~forrockonrock巖石對巖石的摩擦系數(shù)~andshearstrength摩擦系數(shù)與抗剪強度frictionforce摩擦力Ggabbro輝長巖galleries水平隧道，水平坑道，巷道discharge~卸壓隧道pressurized~壓力隧道，受壓隧道gap裂口，間隙，縫隙gas,undergroundstorageof地下儲油庫gauge量規(guī)，量表，傳感器strain~應(yīng)變傳感器rosetteof~玫瑰花瓣的應(yīng)變片叢geodetic測地的，大地測量學(xué)的，測地學(xué)的geologicalmapping地質(zhì)圖geo1ogy地質(zhì)學(xué)，地質(zhì)概況~ofdamsites壩址的地質(zhì)概況~androckgrouting地質(zhì)概況與巖石注漿~androckmechanics地質(zhì)學(xué)與巖石力學(xué)~ofundersroundpowerstation地下電站地質(zhì)學(xué)，地下發(fā)電廠房的地質(zhì)概況geomorphological地形的geophone小型地震儀，地音探測儀geophysicaltahniques地球物理學(xué)方法GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology喬治亞工業(yè)學(xué)院，喬治亞理工學(xué)院geothermalgradient地?zé)崽荻?，地溫梯度glacier冰河，冰川gneiss片麻巖~fordamfoundations用于壩基的片麻巖effectofwateron~水對片麻巖的影響kaolinized~高嶺土化的片麻巖permeabilityof~片麻巖的滲透性，片麻巖的滲水性gouge溝，鑿孔，斷層泥granite花崗巖compressionstrengthof~花崗巖的抗壓強度creepcurveof~花崗巖的蠕變曲線reboundnumberof~花崗巖的回彈數(shù)strain-stresscurvefor~花崗巖的應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力曲線weathered~風(fēng)化花崗巖gravitydams重力壩Griffith－Hoektheoryofruptureofrocks巖石的格里非斯-虎克斷裂理論groutcurtainsunderdams壩下的注漿帷幕waterseepagethrough~透過壩下注漿帷幕的滲水性grouting注漿，灌漿~withcement水泥注漿consolidationofrockby~巖石注漿加固~pressure注漿壓力~ofrockroundtunnels隧道周圍的巖石注漿~withsilicates硅酸鹽注漿，注入硅酸鹽漿液techniquesof~注漿技術(shù)~oftunnels隧道注漿gunite壓力噴漿，噴射水泥砂漿，砂漿gypsum石膏Hhalf-spacehomogeneouselastic半空間均質(zhì)彈性的elastichalf-space彈性半空間fissuredandcontinuous~裂隙及連續(xù)彈性半空間loadedhalfspace受災(zāi)半空間hardnessofrocks巖石的硬度heatflow,equationfor熱流動方程，熱傳遞方程Heim’shypothesis赫米假設(shè)Heim’sparadox赫米自相矛盾論，赫米似是而非論hexagonal六邊形的，六角形的homogeneouszones均質(zhì)區(qū)horizontalstress水平應(yīng)力~indamfoundation壩根底中的水平應(yīng)力~zonefromhydrostaticpressure靜水壓引起的水平應(yīng)力區(qū)hydraulicgradient水力梯度hydraulicpotentiallines水力勢線hydrodynamicforceonrockmass作用于巖體上的動水壓力hydrogeology水文地質(zhì)學(xué)hydropowertunnels水力隧洞hydrostaticpressure靜水壓力~ondamfoundation作用于壩根底上的靜水壓力distributionof~靜水壓力分布~andresidualstressinrock巖石中的靜水壓力與原巖應(yīng)力~onrockmass作用于巖體上的靜水壓力~inrocksalt巖質(zhì)鹽礦中的應(yīng)力stressesroundpressuretunnelscausedby~靜水壓力的壓力隧洞周邊應(yīng)力Iice冰discontinuousflowof~不連續(xù)冰流~inrockfissures巖石裂隙中的冰idealstress理想應(yīng)力igneousrocks火成巖immersedandpartlyimmersedrockmasses侵入及局部侵入巖體immersion浸水，浸入impregnated滲入的，飽和的impregnation注入，浸滲insitutestsandmeasurements現(xiàn)場試驗與測量insituboreholetests現(xiàn)場鉆孔試驗insitucompressiontests現(xiàn)場壓力試驗insitupermeabilitytests現(xiàn)場滲透試驗，現(xiàn)場滲水試驗insituplatebearingtests現(xiàn)場承載板試驗induration固結(jié)IntitutionofCivilEngineering，London倫敦土木工程研究所，倫敦土木工程學(xué)院InternationalCommitteeonLargeDams〔ICOLD〕國際大壩委員會InternationalSocietyofrockmechanics國際巖石力學(xué)協(xié)會，國際巖石力學(xué)學(xué)會interstitialwater間隙水intrinsiccurve固有曲線，本質(zhì)曲線definitionof~固有曲線的定義intrinsiczone固有區(qū)intrados拱內(nèi)圈，拱底面ion離子isotropicrockmass各向同性巖石IstitutoSperimentaleModellieStructure〔ISMES〕Jjack千斤頂cylindrical~液壓千斤頂fieldtestswith~用千斤頂完成的現(xiàn)場試驗~intoeofdam位于壩趾的千斤頂jackingtest沖擊試驗，千斤頂加載試驗joint節(jié)理~meter節(jié)理測量儀~inrock巖石中的節(jié)理classificationof~節(jié)理分類~andcohesion節(jié)理與粘結(jié)力~andcriticalangleofslopes節(jié)理與邊坡臨界角~anddifferencesbetweenlaboratoryandin-situtestsofdeformation,ofelasticity節(jié)理與變形、彈性的實驗室與現(xiàn)場試驗結(jié)果之間的偏差orientationof~節(jié)理方向shearingat~節(jié)理面剪切spacingof~節(jié)理間距strengthof~節(jié)理強度~andstrengthofrock節(jié)理與巖石強度Jurassicrock侏羅紀巖石Kkaolinization高嶺土化作用，高嶺石化作用Kelvin－Voightmodelforrockdeformations開爾文-維埃特巖石變形模型kineticenergyofrockmasses巖體的動能LLaboratoricNacionaldeEngenhariaCivil，Lisbon里斯本……Laboratorytests試驗室試驗~onrockmaterialorfillingmaterial巖塊或充填材料的實驗室試驗~oncrushingstrength試驗室破碎強度試驗~onshearstrength試驗室剪切強度試驗~onwaterpercolation試驗是滲水試驗~onwavevelocity波速試驗室試驗landslide山崩，崩塌的泥石Laplaceequation拉普拉斯方程LasalleResearchLaboratory，Montreal蒙特利爾拉斯爾研究實驗室lava熔巖，火山巖leakage漏，滲漏lias青石灰?guī)rlimestone石灰?guī)rcompressionstrengthof~石灰?guī)r的抗壓強度~fordamfoundations用于壩基建造的石灰?guī)relasticityof~石灰?guī)r的彈性permeabilityof~石灰?guī)r的滲透性strain-stresscurvesof~石灰?guī)r的應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力曲線swellingof~石灰?guī)r膨脹，石灰?guī)r剪脹line-loadtests線載荷試驗~forantisotropy各向異性線載荷試驗~fortensilestrength抗拉強度線載荷試驗lining支護，襯砌stressesin~支護體中應(yīng)力~oftunnel隧道支護lip邊，緣lithology巖石學(xué)，巖性學(xué)loadcells壓力盒，載荷傳感器load－straindiagram載荷-應(yīng)變圖loading加載，載荷consolidationunder~施載加固rateof~intest試驗中的加載率~onaslope邊坡上的載荷lossofwater滲水，漏水~underdam壩體滲水~fromtunnels隧道滲水Lugeon羅吉恩~groutingtechniques羅吉恩注漿技術(shù)~unit羅吉恩系統(tǒng)Mmacrofractures宏觀裂紋~andpermeability宏觀裂紋與滲透性malm石灰質(zhì)砂，泥灰砂Malmlimestone馬爾蒙石灰?guī)rmanifestation現(xiàn)象，表達，表現(xiàn)形式manometer〔流體〕壓力表marble大理石marl-claysandstone灰泥質(zhì)砂巖marls泥灰，泥灰土permeabilityof~泥灰土的滲透性powerstationin~修建于泥灰土中的發(fā)電站mechanicalpropertiesofrockmaterial巖石礦物材料的力學(xué)性質(zhì)Mercaliscale麥氏級metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖micaschist云母片巖micaceousquartzite云母石英巖microfissures微裂隙~inducedbycompression受壓引起的微裂隙~andpermeability微裂隙與滲透性microfractures微觀破壞，、微觀斷裂miningengineering采礦工程mineralogy礦物學(xué)modeltesting模型試驗~ofdamabutments壩體支撐的模型試驗~ofdam壩體模型試驗~ofpercolationofwater滲水性模型試驗~ofreservoirbasin水庫體模型試驗~ofrockmass巖體模型試驗~ofslidingsurface滑動面模型試驗~ofundergroundpowerstation地下電站模型試驗modulus系數(shù)，模數(shù)，模量dynamicmodulus動態(tài)模量effectivemodulus有效模量~insitutestingofrockmass巖石模量現(xiàn)場試驗~laboratorytests模量試驗室試驗static~靜態(tài)模量~instratifiedrockmass層狀巖體的模量moduusofdeformationorbulkmodulus邊形模量或體積模量modulusofelasticity〔Youngmodulus〕彈性模量〔楊氏模量〕modulusofrigidity剛度模量Mohrcircle莫爾圓examplesofuseof~莫爾圓應(yīng)用實例mole-fortunnelexcavationwithoutblasting全斷面隧道掘進機-用于隧道的非爆破掘進moment，displacementscausedby力矩引起的位移momentumequation力矩方程moraine冰磧，冰磧層mortar，groutingwith注入砂漿，砂漿注漿mudstone泥巖mylonite糜棱巖NNationalCoalBoard，Britain英國國家煤炭局〔部〕needletest,foranisotropy各向異性針擊試驗Newtonslawformovementofrockmass巖體運動的牛頓定律Oodometer里程表，測距儀oozing浸出，徐徐流出openings峒室，巷道~inrockmasses巖體中巷道circular~圓形巷道，圓形峒室parallelcircular~平行圓形峒室rectangular~方形峒室，矩形巷道square~四邊形巷道stressandstrainabout~,duetoresidualstress;duetohydrostaticpressureinthetunnel巷道周圍的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變，原巖應(yīng)力引起的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變，巷道中靜水壓引起的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變ophite綠輝巖的一種orthogonal正交的，直角的oval-shped橢圓形的overburden上覆巖層，抵抗線groutpreesureand~注漿壓力與上覆巖層minimum~forpressuretunnel壓力隧道的最小上覆層厚度overcoringmethodformeasuringresidualstressesinrock巖石中原巖應(yīng)力測量的向下垂直鉆孔取芯法overstrainedrock，roundtunnels隧道周圍的過渡應(yīng)變巖石Pparallelepipeds平行六面體pegmatite結(jié)晶花崗巖penstock閘門percolation滲透percolationofwaterthroughrock水滲透巖石Darcy’slawfor~達西巖石滲水定律Longitudinal~巖石縱向滲水primaryandsecondary~主要和次要巖石滲水radial~徑向巖石滲水testfor~underdamfoundations壩根底下巖石滲水試驗permeabilityofrocktoair巖石向大氣的滲透性permeabilityofrocktowater巖石向水的滲透性compressionstressand~抗壓強度與巖石的滲水性correlationof~withmechanicproperties;withwavevelocity巖石滲水性與力學(xué)性質(zhì)、波速的關(guān)系groutingand~注漿與巖石滲透性Lugeonnutfor~羅吉恩的巖石滲水難題tensilestressand~抗拉強度與巖石滲透性testsfor~巖石滲透性試驗permeabilityfactorK滲透性系數(shù)Permianrocks二疊紀巖石perviousness滲透性，滲水性perviousnessofrock巖石透水性petroghaphicproperitesofrocks巖石的巖相性質(zhì)petrography巖相學(xué)，巖石記述學(xué)photoelasticmethods光彈性方法phyllite千枚巖，硬綠泥巖phyllitequartzite硬綠巖質(zhì)石英石physicalpropertiesofrock巖石的物理性質(zhì)piezometers壓力計，壓強計piezometricline壓力線，自由水面線pilottunnels導(dǎo)峒，超前導(dǎo)峒pipes，theoryofthickelastic厚壁彈性管理論，厚壁彈性筒理論plasticblocks，transmissionofstressthrough應(yīng)力波穿過塑性區(qū)的傳播plasticdeformationofrock巖石的塑性變形plasticityofrock巖石的塑性plate－bearingtestsfordeformations承載板變形試驗theoryof~承載板變形試驗理論point－loadtestforanisotropy點載荷各向異性試驗Poiseuille’sformula泊賽尤尼公式Poisson’sratio泊松比compressionstressand~壓應(yīng)力與泊松比effectivevalueof~inrockmasses巖體中泊松比的有效值porepressure孔隙壓力testfor~孔隙壓力試驗porosity多孔性，孔隙性~ofgroutcurtain注漿帷幕的孔隙性~ofrock,elasticity,erosion巖石的孔隙性，彈性，腐蝕porosityindex孔隙指數(shù)porousmedia,flowofwaterin多孔介質(zhì)中水的流動porphyry斑巖PortueueseNationalResearchLaboratory葡萄牙國家研究實驗室powerstations地下電站differenttypeofundergroundpowerstation不同類型的地下電站rockmechanicsforundergroundpowerstation地下電站巖石力學(xué)precastconcrete預(yù)制混凝土pressure，relationofpercolationto滲透性與壓力的關(guān)系pressurecell壓力盒，壓力傳感器pressurechambertest壓力室試驗pressuregradient壓力梯度pressurepipe壓力管，壓力隧洞defectiveairvalvein~壓力隧洞的平安氣閥pressureshaft壓力井pressuretunnel壓力隧道，壓力隧洞failuresof~壓力隧洞的破壞groutinground~壓力隧洞周圍注漿minimumoveruurdenabove~壓力隧洞的最小厚度上覆層~adjacenttorockslopes與巖石邊坡臨近的壓力隧洞最小厚度上覆層~fordifferenttypesofrocksandgalleries;inrockliabletoplasticdeformation;underalluvium;underhorizontalrocksurface不同類型巖石和巷道的最小厚度上覆層；易于塑性變形巖石中的壓力隧洞的最小厚度上覆層；沖積層下壓力隧洞的最小厚度上覆層；水平巖層外表下壓力隧洞的最小厚度上覆層seepagefrom~壓力隧洞的滲漏stressesin~壓力隧洞巖石中的應(yīng)力stressesin~fromhydrostaticpressure靜水壓力引起的壓力隧洞巖石中的應(yīng)力theoryof~壓力隧洞理論precipitation沉淀，沉淀物prestressedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土propane丙烷pseudo－shear準剪切pulvino(pressuredistributionslab)壓力分布板punchingsheartest沖剪試驗Qqualityindex質(zhì)量指標，質(zhì)量指數(shù)rockqualitydesignation巖石質(zhì)量指標radialpercolationindex徑向滲透系數(shù)quartz石英permeabilityof~石英的滲透性quartz－diorite石英-閃長巖quartz-micagneiss石英-云母片麻巖quartz-micaschist石英-云母片巖quartz-monzonite石英-二長巖quartzite石英巖，硅巖creepof~石英巖的蠕變~fordamfoundations用作壩基的石英巖fissured~裂隙石英巖micaceous~云母狀石英巖powdery~粉狀石英巖strain-stresscurvesfor~石英巖的應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力曲線quartzosephyllite含石英的千牧巖quartzoseshale含石英的頁巖Rradialpercolationtest徑向滲透試驗ramp斜面rateofloadng加載率rayolitereboundnumber回彈數(shù)rectangle矩形，長方形strainsrounda~矩形洞室?guī)r石中的應(yīng)變strainsunderaloaded~受載矩形洞室的應(yīng)變reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土relaxationofrockmasses巖體的松弛RepeatableAcousticSeismicSource可重復(fù)的聲學(xué)地震源reservoir水庫，蓄水池displacementofembankmentsof~水庫壩堤的位移variationofwaterlevelin~水庫水面〔位〕的變化residualstressesinrock巖石中的剩余應(yīng)力，巖石原巖應(yīng)力~andelasticity巖石原巖應(yīng)力與彈性measurementsof~巖石原巖應(yīng)力測量relaxationfrom~原巖應(yīng)力釋放，原巖應(yīng)力松弛staticequilibriummethod靜力平衡法resins,impregnationofrockwithcoloured巖石中注入彩色樹脂resistancequotient阻力商，阻力系數(shù)~ofjointedrock節(jié)理巖石的阻力系數(shù)resistivity阻力，抵抗力resonancewaves共振波reversibledeformations可逆變形，彈性變形rheology流變學(xué)，流變能力rigidity，modulusof剛度模量rockarch巖石拱rockboltextensometer巖石錨桿伸長儀，巖石錨桿變形測量儀rockbolting巖石錨桿，巖石錨桿支護rockbolts，differenttypesof不同類型的巖石錨桿rockburst巖爆rockfilldam巖石土壩，巖石充填壩rockload巖石載荷~onlining作用于支護體上的巖石載荷~onsteelsupports作用于剛支架上的巖石載荷rockmass巖體classificationof~巖體分類structureandanisotropyof~巖體結(jié)構(gòu)與各向異性rockmaterial巖石，巖石礦物材料rockqualitydesignation〔RQD〕巖石質(zhì)量指標rockslide巖石滑坡rosette應(yīng)變片ruptureofrocks巖石破壞Griffith－Hoektheoryof~巖石破壞的格里菲斯-虎克理論pointof~巖石破壞點Torre’stheoryof~托里巖石破壞理論Ssafetyfactor平安系數(shù)~againstsliding滑坡平安系數(shù)~fordam大壩平安系數(shù)~fortunnel隧道平安系數(shù)saltmine鹽礦creepin~鹽礦蠕變sandstone砂巖compressibilityof~砂巖的可壓縮性permeabilityof~砂巖的滲透性stressesin~砂巖種的應(yīng)力swellingof~砂巖的膨脹，砂巖的剪脹saturationswellingstress飽和膨脹壓力scaleeffect尺寸效應(yīng)~incompressiontests壓縮試驗中的尺寸效應(yīng)~indeformationanddisplacementtests變形和位移試驗中的尺寸效應(yīng)~inelasticitytests彈性試驗中的尺寸效應(yīng)schist片巖schistosity片理，片巖性planeof~片理面scour清理，凈化sedimentaryrock沉積巖slopesin~沉積巖邊坡seepage滲流，滲出~frompressuretunnel從隧道中滲出~inrockmass巖體中的滲流~underdam壩下滲流seismicwavetestsonrock;ondamsite巖石的，壩址的地震波試驗seismicwavetestsfordetectingincpientslides;weakeningrock檢測初始滑動，軟弱巖石的地震波試驗seismicwavetestsinsidegallery峒室內(nèi)的地震波試驗sesmicwavevelocity地震波速度correlationof~withagingofrock;withelasticity;withpermeability;withreboundnumber地震波速度與巖石年代、彈性、滲透性、回彈數(shù)的關(guān)系lengthofwave波長longitudinalandtransversalwave縱和橫波ratioofsesmicwavevelocitytolaboratorysonicwavevelocity地震波速度與實驗室聲波速度的比sesmicwavevelocityundercompression受壓下的地震波速度sericite絹云母shale頁巖reboundnumberof~頁巖的回彈數(shù)swellingof~頁巖的膨脹，頁巖的剪脹shearfracture剪切破壞failureofdamby~剪切引起的大壩破壞~inplatetest板試驗中的剪切破壞shearstrength剪切強度classificationofrocksby~利用剪切強度的巖石分類~rockjointsweakenedbywater受水弱化的巖石節(jié)理剪切強度testsfor~onrocksamples巖石試件的剪切試驗in-situtestsfor~現(xiàn)場剪切試驗sheardeformation剪切變形shearstress剪應(yīng)力Coulomb’slawof~庫侖剪應(yīng)力定律displacementcausedby~剪應(yīng)力引起的位移~ondamfoundations壩基上的剪應(yīng)力sheetingofrockmasses巖體板shist片〔麻〕巖shotcrete噴射混凝土silica硅石，硅土~dissolvedfromgranite花崗巖溶解而成的硅土silicate硅酸鹽groutingwith~用硅酸鹽注漿siliceousrock硅酸巖，硅土巖silt淤泥，泥沙siltstone粉砂巖skinresistance外表阻力slidesofrock巖石滑動~alonefaults沿斷層的巖石滑動autostabilizationof~巖石滑動的自穩(wěn)化classificationof~巖石滑動分類continuousanddiscontlnuousflowof~巖石滑動的連續(xù)和間斷流dynamicsof~巖石滑坡動力學(xué)staticsof~巖石滑坡靜力學(xué)supervisionandstabilizationofpotentional~潛在巖石滑坡的管理與穩(wěn)定性slidingfrictiontests滑動摩擦試驗slidingsurface滑動外表modelof~滑動外表模型shapeof~滑動外表形狀slip,angleof滑動角slope斜坡，邊坡angleofa~邊坡角criticalangleofa~臨界邊坡角externalforceorloadonthe~作用于邊坡上的外力或載荷stabilityof~邊坡穩(wěn)定性interstitialwaterand~間隙水與邊坡tunneladjacentto~臨近邊坡的隧道slump塌落度snowandrockfalls雪與巖石冒落Sonarsystem(sesmicrelectionmethod)聲納系統(tǒng)，聲納裝置sonicwaves聲波ratioofvelocityofseismicwavesand~地震波速度與聲波速度的比“Sparker〞soundsource“閃光〞式聲源soffit下端，拱內(nèi)面specificgravityofrock巖石容重，巖石比重springs開裂面springs,intunnel隧道中的彈性stability穩(wěn)定性conditionsof~穩(wěn)定性條件~forrockmasses巖體穩(wěn)定性staticequilibriummethodfordeterminingresidualstress確定原巖應(yīng)力的靜力平衡法steel鋼，鋼材archesof~鋼拱形支架~reinforcementsofcavities冒落的鋼支護加固shaftandtunnelliningsof~立井與巷道的鋼支護groutingbehind~鋼支架后的注漿straininrock巖石中的應(yīng)變~anddeformationmodulus巖石中的應(yīng)變與變形模量permeabilityundervarying~不同應(yīng)變下的滲透性~roundcavities空洞周圍巖石中的應(yīng)變~andthermoluminescence巖石中的應(yīng)變與熱發(fā)光strainmeter應(yīng)變儀strain-stress,curveof應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力曲線analysisofstrain-stress應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力分析mathematicalapproachtodistributionofstrain-stressintherock巖石中應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力分布的數(shù)學(xué)方法measurementsofstrain-stress應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力測量Talobrediagramofstrain-stress托拉泊應(yīng)變-應(yīng)力圖strength強度~ofjointedrock節(jié)理巖石的強度stresstensorgauge應(yīng)力張量計stress應(yīng)力~causedbyhydrostaticpressure靜水壓力引起的應(yīng)力effective~inrockmass巖體中的有效應(yīng)力hydrostaticdistributionof~應(yīng)力的靜水壓分布reliefof~應(yīng)力釋放，應(yīng)力解除strut支柱，壓桿subsidenceandcaving下沉與冒落survey測量geological~地質(zhì)測量geophysical~地球物理測量~ofrockslides巖石滑坡測量swellingofrock巖石膨脹，巖石剪脹swellingstrain膨脹應(yīng)變SwissFederal