Unit+4+Everyday+economics+Using+Language+語(yǔ)法 高中英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit4Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)attributiveclauses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Thisisaplacewhererosesgrowwild.bThebiggestchallengeattheinitialphasewastopersuadepeopletoworkforme,whichwastotallyoutsidemyexperience.1

Whatdoes“where”refertoinsentence(a)?“Where”

insentence(a)refersto“aplace”.2

Whatdoes“which”refertoinsentence(b)?“Which”

insentence(b)refersto“topersuadepeopletoworkforme”.3

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithessentialinformationaboutthesubject?4

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithextrainformationaboutthesubject?Sentence(a).Sentence(b).Nowlookformoresentenceswithattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage.Shecouldn’t,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownherforehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmorebyfearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.Zhangthereforedecidedtoreturntoherhometownandgrowroses,whichsurprisedmanypeople.Assomeonewhogrowupinthecountry,Zhangalreadyknewaboutgrowingplants.However,likeanyentrepreneurwhowasjuststartingout,shestillhadalottolearn.Seeingherpeerswhoalsodreamofsuccessandindependence,Zhanghasmixedfeelings.Foryoungpeoplewhohavelittlelifeexperience,thatcanbeachallenge.【語(yǔ)法講解】(1)在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞、代詞等的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。(2)在復(fù)合句中，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞等，叫做先行詞。先行詞一般出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句之前。有時(shí)先行詞是整個(gè)句子。e.g.Theysentmychildtotheschooleverymorning,whichIconsideredagreathelptome.(3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞。定語(yǔ)從句分類關(guān)系詞指代對(duì)象在從句中的作用關(guān)系代詞who指人作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom指人作賓語(yǔ)whose指人或物作定語(yǔ)that指人或物作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)which指物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)as指人或物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where指地點(diǎn)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why指原因作原因狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的作用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分，因此在定語(yǔ)從句中不能再重復(fù)先行詞或指先行詞的代詞。注意定語(yǔ)從句的分類限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi);可用關(guān)系詞that引導(dǎo);可以省略關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)）作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who或that替代whom只可修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分翻譯成“……的”和先行詞的關(guān)系不密切（是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明），一般使用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)不可用關(guān)系詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)不可省略不可用who替代whom修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分往往不譯為“……的”e.g.Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.（限制性）進(jìn)行鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾people，若把從句去掉，句子就失去意義）e.g.Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghere.

(非限制性)他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，她就要來(lái)這兒了。（若把從句去掉句子完整）that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句起引導(dǎo)作用；指代先行詞（人或物），有意義；在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。e.g.IshowedhimthenicecarthatIrentedyesterday.我向他展示了我昨天租的那輛不錯(cuò)的車(chē)。起引導(dǎo)作用；沒(méi)有意義；在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分e.g.It’ssaidthatherentedanicecaryesterday.據(jù)說(shuō)他昨天租了一輛不錯(cuò)的車(chē)。when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與它們引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區(qū)別。e.g.IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYorkin2014,

whentheirfirstchildwasborn.我在2014年拜訪了住在紐約的Smith夫婦，那年他們的第一個(gè)孩子出生了。該句中，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代in2014，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。e.g.IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYorkwhentheirfirstchildwasborn.在Smith夫婦第一個(gè)孩子出生那年，我在紐約拜訪了他們。該句中，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)從句充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。注意e.g.InthemuseumIsawanoldbook

thatwaspublishedinthe17thcentury.

注意定語(yǔ)從句與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)在表意和功能上的異同，以及兩者之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。=

InthemuseumIsawanoldbookpublishedinthe17thcentury.

我在博物館里看見(jiàn)了一本17世紀(jì)出版的舊書(shū)。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞book）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞book，兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系1.Heistheconsultant,__________yourcompanyislookingfor.2.Theyliveinahouse______________

windowsfacesouth.3.________wasoftenthecase,themanforgottobringhiskeyswithhim.4.Henryisnotsuchanintelligentpupil__________wethink.5.TheyoungtouristswenttoQingdao,___________theyeverswaminthesea.

whom

whose

As

aswhere【牛刀小試】2Readthepassageandrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingattributiveclauses.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries.

Itworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.GoodDealproductsmaybealittlemoreexpensivethanregularproducts,butuptoone-thirdofthesalepricewillbegivenbacktotheproducers.Thisismorethantheycouldgetundertheconventionaltradingsystem.

Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeople,andtheywanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople’swelfare.

However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.1.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries(,)whichworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.2.Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeoplewhowanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.3.However,somepeoplewhoarelessoptimisticarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducerswhoarenotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.Answers:3

ReadtheprofileandwriteanintroductiontoaGoodDealproductusingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.Price:$25perkgOrigin:grownontheGreenEquatorEstateSpecialfeatures:?100%organic?superior,smoothblend,withmildflavour?lessthanonecaloriepercupGoodDealguarantee:one-thirdofthesalepricereturnedtolocalproducersGreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsat...Sample:GreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsatthepriceof$25perkg.ItisgrownontheGreenEqua