Unit+5+Learning+from+nature+Using+language+Grammar 高二英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

Unit5Period2Grammar課堂學習Review:non-finiteformsassubject,objectandpredicative1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aToday,architectscontinuetoexplorewaystocapturethebeautyofnaturalforms,...b...itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewaterthatsurroundsit.cVisitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.dCreatingbuildingssuchastheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithourenvironment.1Lookatthe“todo”

structuresinsentences(a)and(b).Dotheyservethesamefunctionineachsentence?

2Insentence(c),isthe-ed

formusedasanadjectiveorapastparticiple?Whydoestheauthorusethe-ed

formotherthanthe-ing

form?No,theydon’t.“Toexplore”

insentence(a)servesasobjectand“tofloat”

insentence(b)servesaspredicative.The-edformisusedasanadjective.Theauthorwantstodescribethevisitors’

feeling,sothe-edformisused.3Whatisthefunctionofthe

-ing

forminsentence(d)?The-ingformisusedassubject.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.1.Infact,wearesousedtothemthatwemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealising

howmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.2.Itisnaturaltothinkinthisway,...3.Peoplewhoseinterestisexploring

therelationship...4.Tousebiomimicry

istocreatestructures...【語法講解】非謂語動詞，又叫非限定動詞，共有三類：不定式、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）和動名詞。非謂語動詞在句中不可單獨做謂語，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，它在句中可以用作其他成分，如主語、賓語、表語等。作主語：Rollerskatingonroughpavementinvitesaccidents.作賓語：Heavoidedtalkingaboutthis.作表語：Myideaistorentabicycle.動詞-ing形式作主語常用來表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作且通常放在句首。e.g.a.

Fishingismypleasure.(釣魚是我的愛好。)

b.

Talkingmendsnoholes.(空談無濟于事。)動詞-ing形式作主語時，需要注意以下兩點。1)

謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g.a.

Readingaloudisvitaltolearnasecondlanguage.(大聲朗讀對于學習第二語言是很重要的。)

b.

Seeingisbelieving.(眼見為實。)2)

動詞-ing形式作主語的句子可以轉化為用it作形式主語的句子。常見的結構有：It

is+nouse/nogood/useless,

etc+動詞-ing形式Itisnice/goodinteresting/awasteof,

etc+動詞-ing形式e.g.a.

Tryingtopersuadehimtostopsmokingisnouse.=Itisnousetryingtopersuadehimtostopsmoking(想說服他戒煙是沒有用的。)

b.

Learningtheorywithoutpracticeisnogood.=Itisnogoodlearningtheorywithoutpractice.(光理論不實踐要不得。)動詞后接非謂語動詞作賓語的情況分為三種：只能接不定式；只能接動名詞；接動名詞或不定式皆可。部分動詞后接動名詞和不定式作賓語時意思有差別，如下所示。1)

forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2)

stoptodosth.停止、中斷（某事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoingsth.停止正在做的某事3)

remembertodosth.記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（已做）4)

regrettodosth.對要做的事表示遺憾

regretdoingsth.對做過的事感到后悔5)

trytodosth.努力做某事

trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事6)

meantodosth.打算，有意要做某事

meandoingsth.意味著做某事7)

goontodosth.繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8)

dreaddoingsth.害怕、擔心做某事

dreadtodosth.不敢去做某事（表示對某事十分擔憂）9)

can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事

can'thelp

(to)

dosth.不能幫忙做某事to-infinitive形式作表語動詞不定式形式作表語時表示的動作往往是具體的、一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作。通常主語是表示“目的，愿望，夢想，需求”等的名詞或what引導的主語從句。例如：Mypurposeistoclimbtothetopofthesnowmountain.(我的目標就是要爬到雪山的頂部。)如果主語是主語從句，且該句中末尾是todo，則表語中的to可以省略。例如：a.WhatIwanttodois(to)getsomefreshwater.(我要做的事就是弄些淡水來。）b.WhatIneedistomakethemhappy,nottired.(我需要的是讓他們快樂，而不是疲勞。）-ing形式作表語動詞-ing形式作表語時表示一般性、習慣性的動作或抽象的動作，大部分時候主語與表語可以互換。例如：Therealquestionisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudents.=Gettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudentsistherealquestion.(真正的問題是了解學生的需求。）動詞-ing形式作表語還可以表示主語具有的特征和屬性。例如：Thenewsisreallyexciting.(這個消息真令人振奮。)-ed形式作表語動詞-ed形式作表語時表示主語（人和事物）的被動關系或存在狀態(tài)或情感情緒等。例如：a.Thecupswerebrokenbythewaitress.(杯子被服務員打碎了。)(broken表示被動關系)b.Thecupsarebroken.(杯子碎了。)(broken表示主語的存在狀態(tài)）C.Iamverydisappointedatthenews.(我對這個消息感到很失望。)(disappointed表示主語的情緒——感到失望)2Completethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.1___________________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis2___________________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature.FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockerytosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroveswereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbe3___________________(astonish)tofindthegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed4___________________(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.Drawingtorecreate/recreatingastonishedtoexplore3Readtheinformationbelowandwriteaparagraphintroducingthe24SolarTermswiththewordsinthebox.Usethestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.OrigincreatedbyfarmersinAncientChinabasedonChineselunarcalendardeterminedbythechangesinthe

positionofthesunSignificancechangesinweathermeanalotto

farmersdeterminethebesttimetosow

andharvestwisdomlearntfromnatureFirsttermBeginningofSpringdaysbecomelongerandthe

temperatureincreasesCulturalheritageaddedtoUNESCO'sListof

IntangibleCulturalHeritagein2016Learningfromnature’swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms...learndetermineshowamazeuseSample:Learningfromnature’swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms,whichwerebasedonobservationofchangesofseasons,astronomyandothernaturalphenomena.Indicatingchangesinweatherconditions,the24SolarTermsremainofparticularimportancetofarmersforguidingtheirpractices.Thefirsttermisknownas“BeginningofSpring”,andmarkswhendaysbecomelongerandthetemperaturebeginstoincrease.Nowadays,the24SolarTermsnotonlyapplytofarming,butalsoguideChinesepeopleineverydaylife.SovariedarethefunctionsoftheSolarTermsandtheircontributionstoculturalidentity,thatin2016,theywereaddedtoUNESCO’sListofIntangibleCulturalHeritage.4Workinpairs.TalkaboutoneoftheSolarTermsusingthestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.立春theBeginningofSpring(1stsolarterm)雨水RainWater(2ndsolarterm)驚蟄theWakingofInsects(3rdsolarterm)春分theSpringEquinox(4thsolarterm)清明PureBrightness(5thsolarterm)谷雨GrainRain(6thsolarterm)立夏theBeginningofSummer(7thsolarterm)小滿LesserFul