俄羅斯全面中英文介紹課件

Russianfood俄羅斯全面中英文介紹魚(yú)子醬,有時(shí)是黑魚(yú)子醬,是一種奢侈美味,包括加工過(guò),腌制過(guò),未經(jīng)殺菌的魚(yú)子.魚(yú)子受精的組成可以是“新鮮”（非巴氏殺菌）或巴氏殺菌,后者的美食和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值要少得多.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Caviar,sometimesblackcaviar,isaluxurydelicacy,consistingofprocessed,salted,non-fertilizedsturgeonroe.Theroecanbe"fresh"(non-pasteurized)orpasteurized,thelatterhavingmuchlessgastronomicandeconomicvalue.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Borscht,whichissometimesalsospelledborschandborshch,isalovelyvegetablesoupthatisalmostalwaysmadewithbeets. 羅宋湯（borscht），有時(shí)也拼作borsch和borshch，是一種美味的蔬菜湯，大多數(shù)情況下是用甜菜煮成。

Insomecountriestomatomayoccurasthemainingredient,whilebeetrootactsasasecondaryingredient.

此外，馬鈴薯也可能是羅宋湯的主料，而甜菜根則是第二主料。

Borschtcanbespicedupwithroastedapplesandsmokedgoosebreast. 羅宋湯可以用烘烤過(guò)的蘋(píng)果和熏鵝脯來(lái)提味。

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia‘s俄羅斯的社交禮儀Socialmanners俄羅斯全面中英文介紹達(dá)瓦里希，Hi~1.SayHello俄羅斯全面中英文介紹1.Russiansareveryparticularaboutthecall,butifyoujusttodealwiththem，Youdon‘thavetoworryaboutthisverymuch.2.Inthestreets,shops,youcancalleachother"you"(威),or"comrade"(達(dá)瓦里西).3.Iffurtherconversation,youcanaccordingtotheothersexandage,arecalled"Sir"(嘎斯巴季尼),"Miss"(捷烏什嘎),"Ms."(達(dá)姆),"Friends"(得路克),"youngman"(馬拉多依).俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯人對(duì)稱呼相當(dāng)講究稱呼，不過(guò)如果你和他們只是一般打打交道，就不用清楚所有的章法了。在大街、商店，你可稱對(duì)方“您”(威)，或“同志”(達(dá)瓦里希)。如果進(jìn)一步交談，你可以按對(duì)方性別年齡，分別稱“先生”(嘎斯巴季尼)、“小姐”“捷烏什嘎”、“女士”(達(dá)姆)、“朋友”(得路克)、“小伙子”(馬拉多依)。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹2.GreetingEtiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russian’smeetingetiquetteisshakinghands,ingeneral,theyhaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime,theywillkissingandhuggingeachother.moreover,manwillkisslady’shands.俄羅斯人一般的見(jiàn)面禮是握手，久別的親朋好友常用親吻擁抱禮，男士一般吻女士的手背俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

4.Clothing

Etiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

In

Russianfolk,

marriedwomen

must

wearheadscarves;unmarried

girlsare

not

wearingheadscarves,

butoften

wearahat.

在俄羅斯民間，已婚婦女必須戴頭巾；未婚姑娘則不戴頭巾，但常戴帽子。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹3.GuestEtiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Intheformalcircumstance,Russiansusingthe“breadofsalt”togreetguestsandshowthehighestrespectandwarmestwelcome.

在隆重的場(chǎng)合，俄羅斯人用“面包加鹽”的方式迎接貴賓表示最高的敬意和最熱烈的歡迎。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹TheurbanenvironmentofRussia俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russiahasninetimezones（時(shí)區(qū)）,astheworld'slargest

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia'smurderrateistwiceasmuchasintheUnitedStates俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia‘sLakeBaikal（貝加爾湖）

hastwentypercentoftheworld'sfreshwater

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯RUSSIAPOLITICAL俄羅斯全面中英文介紹國(guó)旗及國(guó)徽俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹蘇聯(lián)解體之后，俄羅斯進(jìn)行了復(fù)雜而深刻的變革，確立了以總統(tǒng)為國(guó)家元首、內(nèi)閣對(duì)議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)、三權(quán)分立、地方自治的政治制度，形成了總統(tǒng)共和制的民主聯(lián)邦國(guó)家。1993年12月12日經(jīng)全民投票通過(guò)，同年12月25日正式生效。該憲法是俄羅斯獨(dú)立后的第一部憲法，規(guī)定俄羅斯是共和制的民主聯(lián)邦法制國(guó)家，確立了總統(tǒng)制的國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。這樣的制度移植在與本土政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化傳統(tǒng)碰撞、融合過(guò)程中又不可避免地產(chǎn)生出自己的特點(diǎn)，如超級(jí)總統(tǒng)制、有限的聯(lián)邦制、政權(quán)黨，等。AfterSovietUniondisintegrates,Russiahascarriedoncomplexandtheprofoundtransformation,establishedtakepresidentastheheadofstate,thecabinethasbeen

responsiblefor,theseparationofpowers,thelocalself-governmentpoliticssystemfortheparliament,hasformedpresidenttherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationcountry.OnDecember12,1993votedJapaneconomy(stock)allthepeoplepasses,onDecember25officiallybecameeffectiveinthesameyear.AfterthisconstitutionistheRussianindependencefirstconstitution,stipulatedRussiaistherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationstatewithanadequatelegalsystem,hasestablishedthepresidentialsystemnational

leadershipsystem.Suchsystemtransplantinwiththenativeplacepolitics,theeconomicalandintheculturaltraditioncollision,thefusionprocesstheinevitablerealestategivesbirthowncharacteristic,likesuperpresidentialsystem,limitedfederalsystem,politicalpowerparty,andsoon.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹RussianCulture戰(zhàn)斗民族的文化俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Literature(文學(xué))

LeoTolstoy（列夫托爾斯泰）isoneofRussia’sgreatnovelists.Oneofhismostfamousnovels,WarandPeace（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平）(1869),showeddeepconcernformoralissuesandforthewelfareoftheRussianpeople.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Religion（信仰）Byfar,themostcommomreligioninRussiaisOrthodoxChristianity(東正教)ThisistheEasternbranchofChristianitythatspreadtoRussiainthe900’sandbecamethestatereligion.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Customs(習(xí)俗）Russiausefulbread(面包)andsalt（鹽）tomeetthehonoredguesthabit.Withbradandsaltrespectionguests,becausesaltinhistoryisveryexpensive,hasfollowedsofar,saytothehonoredguestfriendlyandrespect.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹RUSSIANMILITARY俄羅斯軍事俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

Afteryearsofreform,severallarge-scaleRussianmilitarydisarmament,theRussianarmedforceshasbeenchangingthestrengthofthecase,throughthepublicmediamaterialsstatistics,thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthis:personnelstrengthofapproximately1,132,000soldiers,867,000civilianpersonnel.Russianarmedforcessystemconsistsofthreemilitaryservices(Army,AirForce,Navy),3arms(strategicrockettroops,aerospacedefense,airborne)composedofthefollowing,accordingtotheorderofthebranchesofthemilitary,thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthtobebrief.

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

RussianArmyGeneral（俄陸軍概況）

ArmyheadquartersinMoscow,thecurrentcommanderNikolaiZaitsevColeMiligeneral,thetotalnumberofabout32.2millionpeople,armsofthearmyisformedwithmotorizedinfantry,tankcrews,artilleryandrockettroops,armedforces,airdefense,specialforcesconstitutingacar,reconnaissance,communications,radio-electronicwarfareunits,NBCprotectionforces(threeanti-military),securityforceslogistics,technicalsupportforces.RussianFederationArmedForcesArmyMilitaryOrganizationexistingsix,ninecorps,anarmy,strengthentheregion,militaryinstitutions,enterprises,organizationsdirectlyunderthecentralforces.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

RussianAirForceGeneral（俄空軍概況）

AirForceheadquartersintheoutskirtsofMoscow"Rays"town,thecurrentcommanderVladimirMikhailovgeneral,about18millionpeople,mainly