Unit+1+Looking+Forwards+Grammar+課件【知識精講精研】高二下學(xué)期英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修四冊

Unit1Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)Tenses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.Decidewhichtenseeachisinandmatchthetensestowhattheydescribe.aFormanyofus,it’ssomethingwealreadyhaveexperienced.bWhatwillwebedoingintenyears’time?cHewouldlatergoontowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.d

...theyoungArthurConanDoyle,borninScotlandin1859,hadoriginallyworkedasadoctor.e

...DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehewaswaitingforpatientsinhismedicalpraticeinLondon.f

...butSherlockHolmeshasbeenentertainingreadersforwelloveracentury.1.Anactioncompletedinthepastbeforeanotherpastaction.2.Anactionoreventtakingplaceovera

particularperiodinthefuture.3.Anactionthathappenedinaperiodoftimeuptothepresent.4.Anactionthatstartedinthepastandmaystillbegoingonorhavejuststopped.5.Anintendedfutureactionoreventasseenfromthepast.6.Anon-goingsituationatorarounda

particulartimeinthepast.dbafceNowanswerthequestions.1.Whatothertenseshaveyoulearnt?Findexamplesinthereadingpassage.①Onemoment,wearelyingcomfortablyinbed,abouttofallintoadeepsleep.(PresentContinuous)②....wefindourselveswonderingorevenworryingaboutpossiblythemostimportantissueofourlife.(PresentSimple)③Althoughtheysharedthesameambitiousandenergeticapproachtolife,...(PastSimple)2.Whatdothesetensesdescribe?①PresentContinuous:totalkaboutactionshappeningnoworaroundnow;tobeusedforfuturearrangements.②PresentSimple:tobeusedforhabits,permanentsituations,andtruth;tobeusedforthefuturefortimetabledevents,suchasairplanes.③PastSimple:todescribeeventsinthepast.【語法講解】一般體進(jìn)行體完成體完成進(jìn)行體時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【語法講解】一般將來時(shí)VS過去將來時(shí)【語法講解】一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：will/shall+動詞原形/begoingto+動詞原形/beto+動詞原形/beaboutto+動詞原形過去將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：should/would+動詞原形/was/weregoingto+動詞原形/was/wereto+動詞原形/was/wereaboutto+動詞原形【語法講解】一般將來時(shí)用法will/shall+動詞原形(1)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)泶嬖诘臓顟B(tài)，shall一般用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。常見的有：tomorrow明天inthefuture將來lateron后來thedayaftertomorrow后天nextweek/month/year下周/下個月/明年(2)will還可表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。e.g.—ShallIorderataxiforSarahtogototheairporttonight?

—Don’tbother.I’ll

driveherthere.【語法講解】begoingto+動詞原形表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事；還可表示“預(yù)見”，即某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。e.g.Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingto

becomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.

無論是在家里還是在工作場所，未來的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會變得更加普遍。beto+動詞原形表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。e.g.ThehighwayistobeopenedinMay.

這條高速公路將在5月份開放。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o’clock.10點(diǎn)前你們得上交論文?！菊Z法講解】beaboutto+動詞原形表示立即要發(fā)生的動作，常譯作“即將……；馬上就……”，通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g.Workwasabouttostartonanewfactorybuilding.新廠房即將動工。【語法講解】過去將來時(shí)用法should/would+動詞原形表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeginathalfpastninethismorning.他說會議將在今天上午九點(diǎn)半開始。was/weregoingto+動詞原形表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃做某事，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生某事。e.g.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告訴我他打算回家。was/wereto+動詞原形表示曾計(jì)劃做某事，如果計(jì)劃的事情沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用不定式完成時(shí)。e.g.Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.她說她計(jì)劃下個月結(jié)婚。was/wereaboutto+動詞原形表示“正要，即將”e.g.Thetrainwasabouttoleave.火車就要開了?！九５缎≡嚒?.They

(have)acompetitionwithusinstudiestomorrowmorning.

2.We

(buy)somebooksandpencilsthisweekend.3.Hesaidhe

(go)toBeijingthenextday.4.IhopedTina

(come)tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.

aregoingtohave

wouldgowascomingaregoingtobuy【語法講解】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS過去完成時(shí)【語法講解】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過去分詞)(1)表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可能還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，常用的時(shí)間狀語有：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句for+時(shí)間段e.g.Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的首部小說自上個月出版以來獲得了許多好評。HehastaughtChineseformorethan20years.他教中文已有20多年了。(2)表示動作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語有：lately近來recently最近sofar到目前為止upto/tillnow直到現(xiàn)在bynow到現(xiàn)在inthelast/pastfewdays/years在過去的幾天/幾年里e.g.Sofar,theyhavemetwithnosuccess.到目前為止，他們還沒有成功過?！菊Z法講解】注意瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但在肯定句中不能與表示

一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。常用的瞬間動詞有:go,come,arrive,leave,begin,borrow,buy,die,fall,stop,start,kill,close,join等。e.g.他已經(jīng)參軍三年了。

Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.

Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.【語法講解】過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞)(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或過去某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生并完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。e.g.Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinemayesterday.昨天我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始了。(2)表示一個動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)刻，

并也可能繼續(xù)下去。常用的時(shí)間狀語有：bytheendof/bythetime等e.g.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.

杰克從英格蘭回到家中時(shí)，他的兒子已大學(xué)畢業(yè)。(3)intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動詞的過去完成時(shí)，可表示

過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法等。e.g.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.我本來打算昨天去看你的，但我這邊來了一個不速之客。（實(shí)際上沒去）【牛刀小試】1.Thecountryside

(change)alotinthepastfewyears.2.Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrain

(leave).3.There

(be)toomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.4.Bytheendoflastterm,we

(learn)5000newwords.haschangedhadlefthasbeenhadlearned

【語法講解】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)VS過去進(jìn)行時(shí)【語法講解】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞)(1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行著的動作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g.Theworkersarebuildingagardenthesedays.工人們這些日子一直在修建一個花園。(2)一些非延續(xù)性動詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作，常見的這類動詞有：come來go去leave離開arrive到達(dá)begin開始start開始return返回move移動take拿走e.g.Wearemovingtoanewhouse.我們將要搬進(jìn)一所新房子里。【語法講解】過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞)(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動作，或過去某一個階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有：atthis/thattime+過去時(shí)間at...o’clock+過去時(shí)間from...to...+過去時(shí)間thosedays那些日子justnow剛才；剛剛e.g.Justnowhewasjustmessingaround.他剛才純屬搗亂。(2)表示一個過去的動作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個過去的動作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。e.g.Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleyesterday.我弟弟昨天騎自行車時(shí)從車上掉下來了?！九５缎≡嚒?.Lookatthepicture.Thechildren

(fly)kitesinthepark.2.Linda'sbrotherTV

(watch)inhisbedroomnow.3.We

(have)supperwhenthephonerang.4.When

we

(have)supper,thelightwentout.areflyingiswatchingwerehavingwerehaving【語法講解】將來進(jìn)行時(shí)VS現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【語法講解】將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will/shallbe+現(xiàn)在分詞)表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g.Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoShanghai.我太激動了！明天早上此時(shí)我將飛往上海?！菊Z法講解】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。常用的時(shí)間狀語有：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段等e.g.Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.在過去的三個月里湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館工作。【牛刀小試】1.Thistimenextdaythey

(sit)inthecinema.2.Afteryoutakethemedicine,you

(feel)muchbetter.3.She

(play)tennissinceshewaseight.4.TheChinese

(make)paperfortwothousandyears.willbesittingwillbefeelinghasbeenplayinghavebeenmaking2Completetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Iwokeatdawnagainandalreadythebirds1___________(sing).Inthecomingdays,we2________________(paint)thetoiletblockthatwehadbeenbuildingoverthelasttwomonths.I3_______________________________(live)inthisCambodianvillagefortwomonths.Despitethehardphysicalwork,I4____________________________(notregret)foronemomentchoosingtospendmygapyearasavolunteerfortheCambodiaFoundation.Itiswonderfultomeetsuchfriendlylocalpeoplewhoarehappytosharetheirliveswithus.weresingingwouldbepaintinghavebeenliving/haveliveddon’tregret/haven’tregretted2Completetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.I5______(feel)happyandfreeofworries.Andofcourse,I6__________________________(become)fitter.Thisgapyearhasbeenafantasticopportunityformypersonalgrowth,andIsurely7______________(continue)tolearnabouthowotherpeoplelivetheirlivesafteritends.feelhavebecome/ambecomingwillcontinue3Workinpairs.ReadtheprofileandtalkaboutDavid’slifeusingdifferenttenseswhereappropriate.DavidMasonPERSONALINFORMATION