Unit+2+Be+Sporty,Be+Healthy+Grammar+and+usage+時態(tài)語態(tài)課件-【知識精講精研】高中英語譯林版（2020）必修第二冊

時態(tài)

語態(tài)謂動時態(tài)16種語態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來主動被動Onceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeopletherelikedtodois...EatingSleepingBeatingDoudou遙遠(yuǎn)的小島上，住著一個倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃飯，睡覺，打豆豆。你看，它總是被打，還不知道是誰打的。Doudouisalways

beaten

bysomeone.always昨天晚上，夜黑風(fēng)高，它又被打了。Doudouwasbeaten

yesterdayevening.Yesterdayevening明天，豆豆還會面臨暴打，可憐的豆豆啊。Doudouwillbebeaten

tomorrowevening.tomorrowevening可憐的豆豆，已經(jīng)被這樣打了很多年。命運一直沒有改變。PoorDoudouhasbeenbeaten

formanyyears.formanyyears我們親愛的豆豆現(xiàn)在在干嘛，不用問，一定是正在被打。OurdearDoudouisbeing

beatennow.now隨時可能被打的豆豆啊，誰來救救它啊。PoorDoudoumaybebeaten

anytime.Whatarecommonofthesesentences?Heis

always

beaten

bysomeone.Hewas

beaten

bysomeone

yesterdayevening.Hewillbe

beaten

bysomeone

tomorrowevening.He

hasbeenbeatenformanyyears.He

isbeingbeatennow.Theyareallpassivevoice.語態(tài)：這個語法范疇關(guān)注的點在于動詞的主語是否是動作發(fā)出者：發(fā)出動作的人或物作主語，就叫主動語態(tài)。接受動作的人或物作主語，就叫被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)：We

clean

ourclassroomeveryday.被動語態(tài)：Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.

被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by+動作執(zhí)行者）。其中be為助動詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。如果使用情態(tài)動詞，則是情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by+動作執(zhí)行者）。Ourschoolwasbuiltin1961.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible.語態(tài)（voice）主動與被動Theyplanttreesinspring.主動語態(tài)Treesareplanted

inspring.被動語態(tài)根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系主語是動作的執(zhí)行者主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者主動變被動賓變主，主變賓。時態(tài)不變，謂語變成be加done。人稱與數(shù)要注意，其余照抄就可以ManypeoplespeakChinese.(主動)Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.（被動語態(tài)）Manystudentsplayfootballontheplaygroundeveryday.→→Footballisplayed

bymanystudentsontheplaygroundeveryday.Marrydrewapicture.→→Thepicturewasdrawn

byMarry.Myunclebroughtmeup.→→Iwasbroughtup

bymyuncle.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.→→Cottonisgrown

bythefarmerseveryyear.被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句一般疑問句特殊疑問句被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句特殊疑問句被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?寫出下列單詞的過去式和過去分詞1.ask—look—2.close—like—tie____4.plan—slim—3.worry—marry—

askedaskedlookedlookedclosedclosedlikedlikedplannedplannedtiedtiedworriedworriedmarriedmarried5.put—begin—slimmedslimmedputputbeganbegun動詞過去式/過去分詞規(guī)則變化1.直接在結(jié)尾+edwork-workedwant-wantedlook-looked

2.以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，直接加"d”live-livedtaste-tastedlove-loved3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且結(jié)尾只有一個輔音的單詞，即“輔元輔”，應(yīng)雙寫最后的輔音后加edstop-stoppedchat-chatted4.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加edcarry-carriedstudy-studied時態(tài)tense時:相對于說話人說話的時間，就是動詞的“時”。態(tài):用來表達(dá)事件在時間上的形態(tài)。一般完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時dodoes;am,is,are現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/hasbeendoing過去一般過去時did;was,were過去完成時haddone過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoing過去完成進(jìn)行時hadbeendoing將來一般將來時willdo將來完成時willhavedone將來進(jìn)行時willbedoing將來完成進(jìn)行時willhavebeendoing過去將來過去將來一般時woulddo過去將來完成時wouldhavedone過去將來進(jìn)行時wouldbedoing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時wouldhavebeendoing1.一般現(xiàn)在時Itseldomsnowshere.寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)1.ask—look—like—2.guess—mix—teach—wash—go—do—3.worry—marry—

askslookslikesguessesworriesmarries4.be____have--mixesis/washasteacheswashesgoesdoes動詞第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則變化1.在詞尾加sstay--stayslove--loves

2.以-s.-x.-ch,-sh,-o結(jié)尾的單詞：在詞尾加espass--passesfix--fixeswatch--watcheswash--washesgo--goesdo--does3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞：改y為i加escarry--carriesstudy--studies4.特殊情況：have--has

be--is1.在詞尾加sorange--orangesbike--bikes2.以-s.-x.-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的單詞：在詞尾加esclass--classesbox--boxeswatch--watchesdish--dishes3.以o結(jié)尾的部分單詞：加esnegro-negroes黑人

hero—heroes英雄tomato-tomatoes

potato-potatoes4.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞：改y為i加esbaby--babiesstudy--studies5.以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞：改f或fe為v加esknife--knivesleaf--leaves可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)Theboyreadsthebookeveryday.Thebookisreadbytheboyeveryday.一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者He_______(be)alwaysreadytohelpothers.We________(have)mealsthreetimesaday.Theflight________(take)offat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday.Paper_______(make)fromwood.Theflowers_______(water)byMaryeveryday.ishavetakesismadearewatered1.一般現(xiàn)在時Itseldomsnowshere.by+動作執(zhí)行者2.一般過去時Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Myhomeworkisfinishedbymeyesterday.一般過去時一般過去時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者Weoften________(play)togetherwhenwe________(be)children.Jim________(go)homeat6o’clockyeasterday.We________(meet)herinthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.Thetable

_______(clean)

justnow.Thelibrary_______(build)in2000.playedwentmetwascleanedwasbuiltwere2.一般過去時3.一般將來時Theywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.一般將來時一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者Ourschoolisgoingtoholdameetingtonight.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldbyourschooltonight.一般將來時一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者I________________________(begoingto,buy)somebookstomorrow.Thesecars_____________(send)abroadbyseanextmonth.We_____________(pinish)ifwebreaktherule.Thesportsmeeting_____________(not,hold)nextMonday.When__________yourhomework_____________(finish)?--Tonight.amgoingtobuyshall/willbepunishedwon’tbeheldwillbefinishedwillbesent3.一般將來時TheTV_____________(turnoff)justnow..Yourhomeworkshould_____________(finish)byyourself.Theclassroom________(cleaned)byuseveryday.AtalkonChinesehistory_______(give)tomorrow.It_______(be)sunnynextMonday.wasturnedoffiscleanedwillbegivenwillbebefinished用括號里的單詞的正確形式填空1.一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)、經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣、真理過去的動作、經(jīng)常、重復(fù)、習(xí)慣

2.一般過去時3.一般將來時將來的動作、經(jīng)常4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時寫出下列單詞的過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞1.ask—look—2.close—like—4.plan—slim—3.worry—marry—

askedaskinglookedlookingclosedclosinglikedlikingplannedplanningworriedworryingmarriedmarrying5.tie____die--slimmedslimmingtiedtyingdieddying動詞過去式/過去分詞規(guī)則變化現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則變化1.直接在結(jié)尾+edwork-workedwant-wantedlook-looked1.直接在結(jié)尾+ingwork-workingwant-wanting

2.以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，直接加"d”live-livedtaste-tastedlove-loved3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且結(jié)尾只有一個輔音的單詞，即“輔元輔”，應(yīng)雙寫最后的輔音后加edstop-stoppedchat-chatted4.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加edcarry-carriedstudy-studied2.以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，直接加"ing”live-livingtaste-tastinglove-loving3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且結(jié)尾只有一個輔音的單詞，即“輔元輔”，應(yīng)雙寫最后的輔音后加ed。stop-stoppingchat-chatting4.ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加inglie-lyingdie-dyingtie-tyingSheiswateringtheflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者Itisreportedthatthewaterinthelake_____________(not,protect)now.Listen!They________________(talk)abouttheirvisitingtheGreatWall.Thecar_____________(repair)atpresent.Look!Sometrees_____________(cutdown)inthepark..Mother_____________(prepare)supperinthekitchennow.isnotbeingprotectedisbeingrepairedarebeingcutdownispreparingaretalking用進(jìn)行時態(tài)填空要點：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的注意事項1.不可遺漏being?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的被動動作,如果我們把being漏掉,即成為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。Look!Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.Childrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子們在學(xué)校里被照顧得很好。（一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)有時也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為"be+介詞(under/in等)+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。Theproblemisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.會上正在討論這個問題。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時5.現(xiàn)在完成時Theboyhasfinishedthework.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbytheboy.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)by+動作執(zhí)行者Thecountryside_____________(change)alotinthepastfewyears.Financialproblemsofthecompany_____________(discuss)fornearlytwohourHowlong__________thisfilm_____________(show)?--About1hour.__________thedateforthenextmeeting_____________(decide)?--No,ithasn’t.ThisisthefirsttimeTom_____________(invite)toperformonthestage.haschangedhasbeenshowedHasbeendecidedhasbeeninvitedhavebeendiscussed用完成時態(tài)填空5.現(xiàn)在完成時Lotsofnewhouses_____________(build)intheareanow.Heisalways_____________(praise)bytheteacher.Theroom_______already_____________(clean).We_____________(build)manyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouses_____________(build)inthepasttenyears.We______already_______(give)himthebook.→He_____________(give)thebook.→Thebook_____________(give)tohim.arebeingbuilthasbeencleanedhavebuiltbeingpraised用進(jìn)行時和完成時填空havebeenbuilthavegivenhasbeengivenhasbeengiven4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時5.現(xiàn)在完成時各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動詞原形will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形wou