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WaveformMonitoringoftheMechanicallyVentilatedPatientTimOp’tHolt,Ed.D.,R.R.T.ProfessorCardiorespiratoryCareUniversityofSouthAlabamaObjectivesDescribethevolume,pressureandflowversustimescalars.Describetheuseofscalarsinthemanagementofthemechanicallyventilatedpatient.Describetheflow-volumeandpressure-volumeloopsastheyareusedinthemechanicallyventilatedpatient.DescribehowloopsareusedtodiagnoseandmanageproblemsinpatientsreceivingmechanicalventilationMonitoringTechniquesUsedDuringMechanicalVentilationVentilatorwaveformspressure,volumeandflowvstimescalarsflow-volumeandpressurevolumeloopsAllowsanalysisofauto-PEEP,bronchodilatorresponse,workofbreathing,hyperexpansion,adequacyofflow,ventilatorsensitivity,compliance,andleaksVentilatorWaveformsScalarsVolumeversustimePressureversustimeFlowversustimeLoopsFlow-VolumePressure-VolumeFlowversusTimeACCELERATINGDECELERATINGSINESQUAREVolumevsTimeInspirationExpirationTime(sec)Volume(ml)InspiratoryTidalVolumeTI

PressureversusTimeInspirationExpirationPaw(cmH2O)Time(sec)}TIPeakInspiratoryPressurePIPPEEPTE

Pressure-VolumeLoopControlledAssistedSpontaneousVol(ml)Paw(cmH2O)I:InspirationE:ExpirationIEEEIIFlow-VolumeLoopVolume(ml)PEFRFRCInspirationExpirationFlow(L/min)PIFRVTAirTrappingInspirationExpirationNormalPatientTime(sec)Flow(L/min)AirTrappingAuto-PEEP}AirTrappingInspirationExpirationVolume(ml)Flow(L/min)DoesnotreturntobaselineNormalAbnormal

Paw(cmH2O)NormalNormalPPlat(NormalCompliance)IncreasedPIP}IncreasedPTA(increasedAirwayResistance)NormalPIPPPlatHighRawPIPPPlatIncreasedAirwayResistanceResponsetoBronchodilatorBeforeTime(sec)Flow(L/min)PEFRAfterLongTEHigherPEFRShorterTEIncreasedRawPressure(cmH2O)HigherPTANormalSlopeVol(mL)LowerSlopeIncreasedAirwayResistanceInspirationExpirationVolume(ml)Flow(L/min)DecreasedPEFRNormalAbnormal“Scoopedout”patternWorkofBreathing

A:ResistiveWork

B:ElasticWorkPressure(cmH2O)Volume(ml)BAOverdistensionVolume(ml)Pressure(cmH2O)WithlittleornochangeinVTPawrisesNormalAbnormalInadequateInspiratoryFlow

AdequateFlowTime(sec)InadequateFlowPaw

(cmH2O)InadequateInspiratoryFlowFlow

(L/min)Time(sec)NormalAbnormalActiveInspirationorAsynchronyPatient’seffortInadequateInspiratoryFlowPaw(cmH2O)Volume(ml)NormalAbnormalActiveInspirationInappropriateFlowInadequateSensitivityVolume(mL)Paw(cmH2O)IncreasedWOB

DECREASEDCOMPLIANCETime(sec)Paw(cmH2O)LowCompliancePIPPPlatNormalPIPPPlatNormalPPlat(NormalCompliance)Increased

PPlat(DecreasedCompliance)NormalPIPLungComplianceChangesandtheP-VLoopVolume(mL)PresetPIPVTlevelsPaw(cmH2O)COMPLIANCEIncreasedNormalDecreasedPressureTargetedVentilationAirLeakVolume(ml)Time(sec)AirLeakAirLeakVolume(ml)Pressure(cmH2O)AirLeakAirLeakInspirationExpirationVolume(ml)Flow(L/min)AirLeakinmLNormalAbnormalProblemswithWaveformsTendtobemorequalitativethanquantitativeWetendtolookatthem,butnotusethemastherapeuticordiagnostict

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