38遼寧省大連市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末雙基測試英語試卷

2024年大連市高三雙基測試卷英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的名字、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時，務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Haveapicnic.B.Gofishing.C.Takeadrive.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Indooractivities.C.Thewoman’sillness:3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atabusstation.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atanairport.4.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.SurftheInternet.B.Conductaninterview.C.Postajobadonline.5.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Tobookaroom.B.Toconfirmhisflight.C.Torescheduleameeting.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthehallwaysbecleaned?A.Thisafternoon.B.OnWednesday.C.Somedaysoon.7.Whatwillthewomandonextweek?A.Hostadinner.B.Designanagenda.C.Holdaconference.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidthespeakersjustdo?A.Theywatchedashow.B.Theyperformedinamusical.C.Theypracticeddancingtogether.9.Whatwasprobablythewoman?A.Anactress.B.Adancer.C.Amusician.聽第8段材料,回答第10至13題。10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemanfor?A.Thereceipt.B.Thejacket.C.Thecreditcard.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthejacket?A.Itwasboughtatadiscount.B.Itwasunsuitablefortheman.C.Itwaslargefortheman’sson.12.Whatisthedurationofthecreditnote?A.Onemonth.B.Sixmonths.C.Oneyear.13.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Gethismoneyback.B.Takeacreditnote.C.Visitthestoreagain.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.WhatdidPauldoafterheleftschool?A.Heopenedashop.B.Hedidseveraldifferentjobs.C.Hegotajobasachefinarestaurant.15.WhatwasPaul’sfirstrestaurantjoblike?A.Boringbutwell-paid.B.Difficultbutbeneficial.C.Enjoyablebutdemanding.16.WhatdoesPaul’scurrentjobinvolve?A.Assistingchefs.B.Cookingeveryday.C.Managingthewholekitchen.17.WhatisthekeytosuccessinPaul’sview?A.Stickingtoolddishes.B.Usingqualityfoodmaterial.C.Creatinglessstressfulenvironment.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeaker’sjobrelatedto?A.Medicine.B.Artificialintelligence.C.Wildanimals.19.WhatistheprogramMediScanusedfor?A.Analyzingdata.B.Detectingdiseases.C.Producingreports.20.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardsAIingeneral?A.Positive.B.Worried.C.Disapproving.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié):(共15小題,每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVisitNationalMuseumofChinaTheNMCinBeijingisaworld-classmuseumthatdisplaysfivethousandyearsofsplendidChinesecivilization.GettingHereNo.16EastChang’anStreet,DongchengDistrict,Beijing100006BusRoute:YoucantaketheNo.1,No.2,No.52,No.82,No.120buses,orSightseeingLine2,TouristBusLine1andLine2andgetoffatTian’anmenEastStation.Metro:YoucantakeMetroLine1,getoffatTian’anmenEastStation,andexitthestationthroughExitCorD.AdmissionTheNMCopenstothepublicfromTuesdaytoSundayandclosesonMonday(exceptforpublicholidays).Itsopeninghoursarefrom9:00to17:30(lastadmissionat16:30).Accordingtotheregulationsonconductingregularepidemicprevention,allvisitorsmustmakeonlineappointments(withdifferenttimeintervalavailable).Pleasemakeyourappointments1-7daysinadvanceandplanyourvisitproperly.WewelcomevisitorstomakeonlineappointmentsthroughourofficialwebsiteorofficialWeChatplatform.OfficialWebsite:/yuyue/indexOfficialWeChatPlatform:PleasescantheQRcodebelowscrolldownandclick“Visits”,andaccessthe“Reservation”page.Inquiries9:00-16:30)NoticetoVisitorsValidIDdocumentsarerequiredtoenterthemuseumduringtheopeninghours.Visitorsmustgothroughsecuritycheck.Restricteditemsoranimalssuchasdogsandcatsareprohibited.Applicationsmustbefiledfororganizingactivitiesinthemuseumsuchaslectures,surveysandvideorecordings,andtheactivitiescanbeorganizedonlyuponapproval.Formoreinformation,clickhere.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewspaper. B.Atextbook.C.Anofficialwebsite. D.Anacademicarticle.2.Howmanywaystomakeareservation?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.3.Whatareyouforbiddentodoatthemuseum?A.Passthesecuritycheck. B.Organizeanykindofactivity.C.Enterthemuseumatnoon. D.Explorethemuseumwithpets.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是到中國國家博物館參觀的旅游指南?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Formoreinformation,clickhere.(更多信息，請點(diǎn)擊這里。)”可推知，文章可能出自一個官方網(wǎng)站。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Admission部分中“WewelcomevisitorstomakeonlineappointmentsthroughourofficialwebsiteorofficialWeChatplatform.(我們歡迎參觀者通過我們的官方網(wǎng)站或官方微信平臺進(jìn)行在線預(yù)約。)”可知，有兩種預(yù)約方法。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Restricteditemsoranimalssuchasdogsandcatsareprohibited.(禁止攜帶限制物品或動物，如狗和貓。)”可知，和寵物一起探索博物館是禁止在博物館內(nèi)做的事情。故選D。BHighschoolseniorsmissedoutonsomuchin2023—noproms,notraditionalgraduationceremonies.Butthathasnotstoppedsomeofthemtryingtosolvetheworld’sbiggestchallenges.AndLillianKayPetersenfromLosAlamos,NewMexico,isamongthem.Peterseninventedasimpletoolforpredictingharvestsearlyinthegrowingseason,whichcouldfacilitatefoodallocation(分配)planningandofferusefulresourcestothoseworkingtotackleglobalfoodinsecurity.Shefirsttestedhertool,whichanalyzeddailysatelliteimageryusingacceptedmeasuresofvegetationhealth,onknowndomesticcropdata.ShethencarriedoutexperimentsforcountriesinAfricaandsuccessfullypredictedharvestswithhighaccuracyagainstreportedproduction.Petersenwonfirstplaceandthe$250,000topawardintheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch2023,oneoftheoldestandmostreputablescienceandmathcompetitionsforhighschoolseniorsintheUS.In2014,Petersen’sfamilyadoptedherthreeyoungerbrothersandsisters,allofwhomsufferedfrommalnutritionduetofoodinsecurityintheirchildhood.Theirstrugglesagainstthelifelongeffectsleftadeepimpressiononher.AfterreadingaboutadisastrousdroughtinEthiopiabetween2018and2019,sheputhercomputerscienceknowledgetouse.“Iwantedtofindawaytohelpaidorganizationsmonitorcropconditionasdroughtsevolve,tohelpthemrespondtofoodcriseswithabettertime,andtohelpchildrensothattheydon’tfacemalnutritionandlifelongconsequences,”shesaid.Whileinhighschool,shebeganmonitoringdroughtsinAfricausingsatelliteimagery.Later,shepublishedherfirstpaperonthesubjectinapeer-reviewedjournal.ShehasalsometwiththeInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutetodiscusstheglobalpandemicanditseffectsoncropproductioninAfrica.4.WhatbenefitcouldPetersen’sinventionbring?A.Itcouldensurefoodsecurity. B.Itcouldboostcropproduction.C.Itcouldcollectcropdataaccurately. D.Itcouldmakefooddistributionplanningeasier.5.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatinspiredPetersentoinventthetool.B.WhyfoodcrisesinAfricaweresoserious.C.WhenPetersenbegantomonitorcropcondition.D.WhyPetersen’sbrothersandsisterswereadopted.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribePetersen?A.Innovativeandfar-sighted. B.Generousandcommitted.C.Competentandrisk-taking. D.Intelligentandcompetitive.7.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.Todrawpublicattentiontofoodinsecurity.B.ToemphasizechallengesAfricansencounter.C.Toappealtoyoungpeopletohandleglobalissues.D.Tosharethebenefitsofconductingscientificresearch.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了創(chuàng)新青年P(guān)etersen發(fā)明了可預(yù)測糧食收成的工具，使糧食分配計劃更容易，借此作者呼吁更多年輕人參與到全球性問題中來?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Peterseninventedasimpletoolforpredictingharvestsearlyinthegrowingseason,whichcouldfacilitatefoodallocationplanningandofferusefulresourcestothoseworkingtotackleglobalfoodinsecurity.”（Petersen發(fā)明了一個簡單的工具，可以在生長季節(jié)早期預(yù)測收成，這可以促進(jìn)糧食分配計劃，并為那些致力于解決全球糧食不安全問題的人提供有用的資源。）可知，她的發(fā)明可以使糧食分配計劃更容易。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“In2014,Petersen’sfamilyadoptedherthreeyoungerbrothersandsisters,allofwhomsufferedfrommalnutritionduetofoodinsecurityintheirchildhood.Theirstrugglesagainstthelifelongeffectsleftadeepimpressiononher.AfterreadingaboutadisastrousdroughtinEthiopiabetween2018and2019,sheputhercomputerscienceknowledgetouse.“Iwantedtofindawaytohelpaidorganizationsmonitorcropconditionasdroughtsevolve,tohelpthemrespondtofoodcriseswithabettertime,andtohelpchildrensothattheydon’tfacemalnutritionandlifelongconsequences,”shesaid.”（2014年，彼得森的家人收養(yǎng)了她的三個弟弟和妹妹，他們都在童年時期因糧食不夠吃而營養(yǎng)不良。這給他們的身體造成了終身的影響，他們畢生都在掙扎。這給她留下了深刻的印象。在閱讀了2018年至2019年埃塞俄比亞災(zāi)難性干旱的報道后，她將自己的計算機(jī)科學(xué)知識付諸實(shí)踐。她說:“我想找到一種方法，幫助援助組織監(jiān)測干旱演變時的作物狀況，幫助他們更好地應(yīng)對糧食危機(jī)，并幫助兒童，使他們不會面臨營養(yǎng)不良和終身后果。”）可知，本段介紹了Petersen發(fā)明該工具的原因，一方面是由于弟妹童年挨餓的經(jīng)歷，另一方面是看到了國家干旱的報道。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第二段第一句“Peterseninventedasimpletoolforpredictingharvestsearlyinthegrowingseason,whichcouldfacilitatefoodallocationplanningandofferusefulresourcestothoseworkingtotackleglobalfoodinsecurity.”（Petersen發(fā)明了一個簡單的工具，可以在生長季節(jié)早期預(yù)測收成，這可以促進(jìn)糧食分配計劃，并為那些致力于解決全球糧食不安全問題的人提供有用的資源。）及最后一段“Whileinhighschool,shebeganmonitoringdroughtsinAfricausingsatelliteimagery.Later,shepublishedherfirstpaperonthesubjectinapeer-reviewedjournal.ShehasalsometwiththeInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutetodiscusstheglobalpandemicanditseffectsoncropproductioninAfrica.”（高中時，她開始使用衛(wèi)星圖像監(jiān)測非洲的干旱情況。后來，她在一本同行評議的雜志上發(fā)表了關(guān)于這個主題的第一篇論文。她還會見了國際糧食政策研究所的有關(guān)人員，討論了全球流行病及其對非洲作物生產(chǎn)的影響。）可知，Petersen能夠發(fā)明預(yù)測收成的工具，說明她具有創(chuàng)新思維，她還監(jiān)測非洲的干旱情況，并參與討論全球流行病及其對非洲作物生產(chǎn)的影響說明她具有遠(yuǎn)見。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Highschoolseniorsmissedoutonsomuchin2023—noproms,notraditionalgraduationceremonies.Butthathasnotstoppedsomeofthemtryingtosolvetheworld’sbiggestchallenges.AndLillianKayPetersenfromLosAlamos,NewMexico,isamongthem.”（高中畢業(yè)生在2023年錯過了太多東西——沒有舞會，沒有傳統(tǒng)的畢業(yè)典禮。但這并沒有阻止他們中的一些人試圖解決世界上最大的挑戰(zhàn)。來自新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的LillianKayPetersen就是其中之一。）并結(jié)合下文Petersen的故事可知，主要介紹了創(chuàng)新青年P(guān)etersen發(fā)明了可預(yù)測糧食收成的工具，使糧食分配計劃更容易，借此作者呼吁更多年輕人參與到全球性問題中來。故選C項(xiàng)。CTheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)hasreleasedthefirstglobalblueprinttosavetheworld’sforests.TheWWFisaglobalconservationcharity.ItsForestPathwaysReportdetailsthestateoftheworld’sforestsandwhatgovernmentscandotobetterprotectthem.ThereportfocusesonthecommitmentsthatweremadeatCOP26——aconferenceontheclimateemergencyheldintheUKin2021.AtCOP26,morethan140countries,coveringaround90%oftheworld’sforest,promisedtoenddeforestationby2030.However,theWWFsaysthatthistargetisindangerofbeingmissed.In2022,66,000squarekilometresofforestaroundtheworldwaslost.Abouttwo-thirdsofthiswasfromtropicalforests.Thisishavinganeffectonwildlife,withtheWWF’sblueprintnotingadeclineinthepopulationsofspeciesthatdependonforests,suchasgorillas,hornbills,orangutansandblack-headedsquirrelmonkeys.However,thereportalsohighlightssomeconservationsuccessstories.Forinstance,theKhataConservationAreainNepalhasgrownbyasizeamountto3,000footballpitches,providingahomefortigersandotherspecies.Meanwhile,intheUK,theWildIngleboroughproject,apartnershipbetweentheWWFandtheYorkshireWildlifeTrust,isrestoring15squarekilometresoflandintheYorkshireDalesbacktoitsnaturalwildstate,completewithwoodlands.MaryGagen,authoroftheForestPathwaysReport,says,“Therearepocketsofsuccesswherecountriesareapproachingdeforestation,andweknowwhatneedstobedonetogrowthose.”Thereportincludesalistofrecommendationsforworldgovernments,providingablueprinttosaveforests.Thisincludestougheninguprulesagainstdeforestationaswellasrecognizingtherightsofindigenous(當(dāng)?shù)氐?peopleswholiveintheforests.Theyarethedescendants(后代)ofthosewholivedsomewherebeforeanotherculturearrivedandtookover.TherearealsosomespecificsuggestionsfortheUKGovernment,suchasbringinginenvironmentalstandardsforfoodthatisboughtandsoldintheUK,sothatnoneofitcontributestodeforestation.8.WhatdoweknowaboutWWF?A.Itmayfailtomeetitsgoal. B.Itfocusesonprotectingourearth.C.Itoffersproposalstogovernments. D.ItapprovesofCOP26’scommitments.9.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Bylistingsomestatistics. B.Byclarifyingaconcept.C.Bycitingsomeexamples. D.Bypointingoutsimilarities.10.Whatcanyoulearnfromthetext?A.Theblueprintlaysdownfoodcriteriaforcountries.B.ConcretetipswillhelptheUKgovernmentsaveforests.C.Theblueprintdoesn’tacknowledgetherightsofnatives.D.Thenativepeoplearesucceedinggenerationsofanotherculture.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheKeynoteofForestPathwaysReport. B.AConferenceontheClimateEmergency.C.TheWorldwideEffortforDeforestation. D.SuccessfulStoriesofTacklingDeforestation.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是世界自然基金會(WWF)的第一份拯救世界森林的全球藍(lán)圖?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“TheWWFisaglobalconservationcharity.ItsForestPathwaysReportdetailsthestateoftheworld’sforestsandwhatgovernmentscandotobetterprotectthem.(世界自然基金會是一個全球性的環(huán)保慈善組織。該組織的《森林路徑報告》詳細(xì)介紹了世界森林的狀況，以及各國政府可以采取哪些措施來更好地保護(hù)森林。)”可知，WWF是一個全球性的環(huán)保慈善組織，它在報告中詳細(xì)介紹世界的森林情況，并對各國可以采取哪些措施來保護(hù)森林，由此可知，WWF旨在保護(hù)全球的森林。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,thereportalsohighlightssomeconservationsuccessstories.(然而，該報告也強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些成功的保護(hù)案例。)”可知，該報告強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些成功的保護(hù)案例，結(jié)合下文中的“Forinstance,theKhataConservationAreainNepalhasgrownbyasizeamountto3,000footballpitches,providingahomefortigersandotherspecies….(例如，尼泊爾的卡塔保護(hù)區(qū)的面積已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大到3000個足球場，為老虎和其他物種提供了家園……。)”等列舉的尼泊爾等國家和地區(qū)具體成功的保護(hù)案例可知，作者是通過舉例的方式展開的第三段內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Thereportincludesalistofrecommendationsforworldgovernments,providingablueprinttosaveforests.(該報告為世界各國政府提供了一系列建議，為拯救森林提供了藍(lán)圖。)”可知，該報告為各國政府提供了一系列的建議來拯救森林，結(jié)合下文中的“TherearealsosomespecificsuggestionsfortheUKGovernment,suchasbringinginenvironmentalstandardsforfoodthatisboughtandsoldintheUK,sothatnoneofitcontributestodeforestation.(對英國政府也有一些具體的建議，比如對在英國買賣的食品引入環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這樣就不會導(dǎo)致森林砍伐。)”可知，對英國政府也有一些具體的建議，這些具體的建議不會導(dǎo)致森林砍伐，由此可知，具體的建議將幫助英國政府拯救森林。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“TheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)hasreleasedthefirstglobalblueprinttosavetheworld’sforests.(世界自然基金會(WWF)發(fā)布了第一份拯救世界森林的全球藍(lán)圖。)”可知，WWF發(fā)布了第一份拯救世界森林的全球藍(lán)圖，結(jié)合下文中介紹的該藍(lán)圖的內(nèi)容及其作用可知，本文主要介紹的是WWF發(fā)布的《森林路徑報告》，所以題目“《森林路徑報告》的主旨”概括了本文的主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DStorieshavelongbeenemployedtoinstill(灌輸)moralandculturalvaluesinyoungchildren,butthereislittleresearchexploringtheeffectivenessofsuchstories.“Asparents,wewanttoknowhoweffectivethestoriesactuallyareinpromotinghonesty.”sayleadauthorKangLeeoftheDr.EricJackmanInstituteofChildStudyattheUniversityofTorontoandco-authorVictoriaTalwarofMcGillUniversity.“Isit‘inoneear,outtheother,’ordochildrenlistenandtakethemessagestoheart?”Tofindout,LeeandTalwarconductedanexperimentwith268childrenaged3to7.Eachchildplayedagamethatrequiredguessingtheidentityofatoybasedonthesounditmade.Inthemiddleofthegame,theexperimenterlefttheroomforaminute,instructingthechildnottoglanceatatoyleftonthetable.Formostchildren,thistemptation(誘惑)wastoohardtoresist.Whentheexperimenterreturned,shereadthechildastory,eitherTheTortoiseandtheHare,TheBoyWhoCriedWolf,Pinocchio,orGeorgeWashingtonandtheCherryTree.Afterward,theexperimenteraskedthechildtotellthetruthaboutwhetherheorsheglancedatthetoy.Contrarytotheexperimenters’expectations,PinocchioandTheBoyWhoCriedWolf,whichassociatelyingwithnegativeconsequences,werenomoreeffectiveatpromotinghonestbehaviorthanafableunrelatedtohonesty,inthiscaseTheTortoiseandtheHare.Onlythemade-uptaleaboutyoungGeorgeWashingtonseemedtoinspirethekidstoadmitglancing:Childrenwhoheardthetaleinwhichthefuturefirstpresidentwascomplimentedbecauseofadmittinghismistakeandrewardedacandywerethreetimesmorelikelytotellthetruththantheirfellowswhoheardotherstories.“Ourstudyshowsthattopromotemoralbehaviorsuchashonesty,emphasizingthepositiveoutcomesofhonestyratherthanthenegativeconsequencesofdishonestyisthekey,”notethey.“Thismayapplytoothermoralbehaviorsaswell.”Theyalsowarnthatmoreresearchisnecessarytodeterminewhethermoralstoriesinfluencekids’behaviorinthelongterm.Still,theyhavebeenquicktotakeadvantageofthefindings.Talwarreportsashiftinherownparentingpractices:“Itreallyseemstowork.Iusethisnowwithmychild.”12.Whatistheaimoftheexperimentmentionedinthetext?A.Tofindoutwhichstoryisinstructiveatschool.B.Tomakesureifthechildrencanresistthetemptation.C.Toseetheeffectivenessofstoriesinpromotinghonesty.D.Toensuretheprecisioninguessingtheidentityofthetoy.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complimented”meaninParagraph4?A.Criticized. B.Praised. C.Ignored. D.Respected.14.WhatdoesTalwarmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Shewillapplythefindingtoherchild.B.Herchildshowsastronginterestinthestory.C.Herparentshavechangedtheirwayofeducation.D.Sheperceivesthepositiveinfluenceonherchild.15.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudeinthetext?A.Unclear. B.Contradictory. C.Sympathetic. D.Objective.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章就道德故事是否會長期影響孩子行為展開了討論。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Storieshavelongbeenemployedtoinstill(灌輸)moralandculturalvaluesinyoungchildren,butthereislittleresearchexploringtheeffectivenessofsuchstories.(長期以來，故事一直被用來向幼兒灌輸?shù)赖潞臀幕瘍r值觀，但很少有研究探討這些故事的有效性。)”和文章第二段“Asparents,wewanttoknowhoweffectivethestoriesactuallyareinpromotinghonesty.(作為父母，我們想知道這些故事在促進(jìn)誠實(shí)方面到底有多大效果。)”可推知，文中提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了看看故事在促進(jìn)誠實(shí)方面的有效性。故選C。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“becauseofadmittinghismistakeandrewardedacandywerethreetimesmorelikelytotellthetruththantheirfellowswhoheardotherstories.(因?yàn)槌姓J(rèn)了自己的錯誤并獎勵了一顆糖果，他們說真話的可能性是聽到其他故事的同伴的三倍。)”可知，未來的第一總統(tǒng)因承認(rèn)錯誤而受到稱贊，由此可知，complimented意為“稱贊”，和B項(xiàng)：Praised意思接近。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Ourstudyshowsthattopromotemoralbehaviorsuchashonesty,emphasizingthepositiveoutcomesofhonestyratherthanthenegativeconsequencesofdishonestyisthekey,”notethey.(他們指出：“我們的研究表明，要促進(jìn)誠實(shí)等道德行為，強(qiáng)調(diào)誠實(shí)的積極結(jié)果而不是不誠實(shí)的消極后果是關(guān)鍵。”)”和最后一段“Talwarreportsashiftinherownparentingpractices:“Itreallyseemstowork.Iusethisnowwithmychild.”(塔爾瓦爾報告了她自己的育兒方式的轉(zhuǎn)變：“這似乎真的有效。我現(xiàn)在和我的孩子一起用這個。”)”可知，她意識到道德故事對孩子的積極影響。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Ourstudyshowsthattopromotemoralbehaviorsuchashonesty,emphasizingthepositiveoutcomesofhonestyratherthanthenegativeconsequencesofdishonestyisthekey,”notethey.“Thismayapplytoothermoralbehaviorsaswell.”(他們指出:“我們的研究表明，要促進(jìn)誠實(shí)等道德行為，強(qiáng)調(diào)誠實(shí)的積極結(jié)果而不是不誠實(shí)的消極后果是關(guān)鍵?！薄斑@可能也適用于其他道德行為?！?”和文章最后一段“Theyalsowarnthatmoreresearchisnecessarytodeterminewhethermoralstoriesinfluencekids’behaviorinthelongterm.Still,theyhavebeenquicktotakeadvantageofthefindings.Talwarreportsashiftinherownparentingpractices:“Itreallyseemstowork.Iusethisnowwithmychild.”(他們還警告說，需要更多的研究來確定道德故事是否會長期影響孩子的行為。盡管如此，他們還是迅速利用了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。塔爾瓦爾報告了她自己的育兒方式的轉(zhuǎn)變：“這似乎真的有效。我現(xiàn)在和我的孩子一起用這個?！?”可知，作者一方面指出了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，另一方面又提出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的局限性，由此可知，作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。Foroutdoorenthusiasts,itiscrucialtobepreparedforanysortofnaturaldisasterintheopenair.___16___.Itincludeswhatkindsofdisastersmaystrike,andwhatresourcesshouldbetakenonyourtrip.___17___Desertareasaremorelikelytobeaffectedbydroughts;coastalregionsaremorelikelytoseehurricanes;mountainousareasarelikelytoavalanches(雪崩)inwinterandlandslidesinsummer.Therefore,alwaysdosomeresearchaheadoftimetohelpyoufindrightsurvivalstrategiesindifferentconditions.Whileyou’replanning,theessentialthingtoconsideristhethingsyoushouldpackforyourtrip.Anydisasterthatmayseparateyoufromcivilizationforaperiodoftimewillrequireyoutoprovideyourownfood,water,andshelterforatleastafewdays.___18___Fordisastersthatmaywetyourequipment,flamelesslightsourcesareamust.Whatyoubringwithyoushouldbesuitedtothedisasteryoumightencounter.Onceyoucompleteyoursurvivalplan,it’sbettertoreviewitperiodically.Whenanaturaldisasterstrikes,youprobablywon’thavetimetogooveradocumentorgoonlinetoseekadvice.___19___Ifanaturaldisasterstrikeswhileyouareinthewilderness,youshouldputyoursurvivalplanintoeffectimmediately.___20___Thencontactothersforhelp.Donotwaitaroundtoseeifthedisasterisreallythatserious,donotpanic,anddonoteasilyabandonyourplan.A.Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.B.It’salsoagoodideatobringlightsources.C.Thatmeanshavingadisasterresponseplan.D.It’salsogreattoconsultwiththespecialistsinperson.E.Consequently,revisingitfrequentlyisstronglyrecommended.F.Differentkindsofdisastersarelikelytooccurindifferentareas.G.Staycalm,actdecisively,andbeginworkingtokeepyourselfalive.【答案】16.C17.F18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章就在自然災(zāi)害到來之前制定生存計劃提出一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Foroutdoorenthusiasts,itiscrucialtobepreparedforanysortofnaturaldisasterintheopenair.(對于戶外運(yùn)動愛好者來說，在戶外為任何自然災(zāi)害做好準(zhǔn)備是至關(guān)重要的)”和下文“Itincludeswhatkindsofdisastersmaystrike,andwhatresourcesshouldbetakenonyourtrip.(它包括什么類型的災(zāi)難可能會發(fā)生，以及在你的旅行中應(yīng)該帶什么資源)”可知，空處承上啟下，針對上文提到的做好準(zhǔn)備，應(yīng)該有一個災(zāi)難應(yīng)對計劃，下文中則是計劃的具體內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)中的“adisasterresponseplan”和下文中的“it”對應(yīng)。C項(xiàng)：Thatmeanshavingadisasterresponseplan.(這意味著要有一個災(zāi)難應(yīng)對計劃)符合語境。故選C。【17題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Desertareasaremorelikelytobeaffectedbydroughts;coastalregionsaremorelikelytoseehurricanes;mountainousareasarelikelytoavalanches(雪崩)inwinterandlandslidesinsummer.(沙漠地區(qū)更容易受到干旱的影響；沿海地區(qū)更容易出現(xiàn)颶風(fēng)；山區(qū)冬季易發(fā)生雪崩，夏季易發(fā)生山體滑坡)”可知，本段主要講述了不同地區(qū)會發(fā)生不同的災(zāi)害。F項(xiàng)中的“differentareas”與下文的“Desertareas、coastalregions、mountainousareas”對應(yīng)。F項(xiàng)：Differentkindsofdisastersarelikelytooccurindifferentareas.(不同的地區(qū)可能發(fā)生不同種類的災(zāi)害)符合語境。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Anydisasterthatmayseparateyoufromcivilizationforaperiodoftimewillrequireyoutoprovideyourownfood,water,andshelterforatleastafewdays.(任何可能將你與文明隔離一段時間的災(zāi)難將要求你提供你自己的食物，水，和至少幾天的避難所)”可知，空處承接上文，提出需要準(zhǔn)備的東西，結(jié)合下文“Fordisastersthatmaywetyourequipment,flamelesslightsourcesareamust.(對于可能濕潤你裝備的災(zāi)害，無火光源是必不可少的)”可知，空處提到的東西是光源，B項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ightsources”和下文中的“flamelesslightsources”對應(yīng)。B項(xiàng)：It’salsoagoodideatobringlightsources.(帶光源也是個好主意)符合語境。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onceyoucompleteyoursurvivalplan,it’sbettertoreviewitperiodically.Whenanaturaldisasterstrikes,youprobablywon’thavetimetogooveradocumentorgoonlinetoseekadvice.(一旦你完成了生存計劃，最好定期回顧一下。當(dāng)自然災(zāi)害來襲時，你可能沒有時間瀏覽文件或上網(wǎng)尋求建議)”可知，空處和上文形成因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)橥瓿缮嬗媱澮院罂赡軟]有時間瀏覽文件或?qū)で蠼ㄗh，因此要經(jīng)常修改它。E項(xiàng)：Consequently,revisingitfrequentlyisstronglyrecommended.(因此，強(qiáng)烈建議經(jīng)常修改它)符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifanaturaldisasterstrikeswhileyouareinthewilderness,youshouldputyoursurvivalplanintoeffectimmediately.(當(dāng)你在野外時，如果自然災(zāi)害襲擊了你，你應(yīng)該立即實(shí)施你的生存計劃)”可知，空處承接上文，說明要采取果斷行動，G項(xiàng)中的“actdecisively”和上文中的“putyoursurvivalplanintoeffectimmediately”對應(yīng)。G項(xiàng)：Staycalm,actdecisively,andbeginworkingtokeepyourselfalive.(保持冷靜，果斷行動，開始努力讓自己活下去)符合語境。故選G。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Oneday,agirlcameuponacocoon,andshecouldtellthatabutterflywastryingto____21____.Shewaitedandwatchedthebutterflystruggleforhoursto____22____itselffromthetinyhole.____23____,thebutterflystoppedmoving,itseemedtobe___24___.Thegirlthendecidedtohelpgetthebutterflyoutandwithapairofscissorscutopenthecocoon.Thebutterflywasthen___25___abletoescape.However,itsbodywasswollen(腫脹的)anditswingswere____26____.Thegirlstillthoughtshehaddonethebutterflyafavorasshesattherewaitingforitswingstogrowinorderto____27____itsbody.Thatwasn’thappening.Thebutterflywasunabletofly,andfortherestofitslife,itcouldonlymovebycrawlingaroundwithlittlewingsanda___28___body.Despitethegirl’sgoodintentions,shedidn’tunderstandthatthe___29___ofthebutterfly’scocoonandthestrugglethebutterflyhadto_____30_____inordertoescapeservedanimportantpurpose.Asbutterflies_____31_____fromtightcocoonsandstretchwingsout,itforcesliquidfromtheirbodyintotheirwingstopreparethemtobeabletofly.The_____32_____thatwefaceinlifehelpusgrowandgetstronger.Thereisoftenareasonbehindtherequirementofbeing____33____andpersistent.Whenbearingdifficulttimes,wewilldevelopthenecessary_____34_____thatwe’llneedinthefuture.Withouthavinganystruggles,wewon’tgrow,whichmeansit’sveryimportantto_____35_____personalchallengesourselvesratherthanrelyingonotherpeopletoalwayshelpus.21.A.hatch B.hang C.swing D.nest22.Atrap B.release C.wrap D.throw23.A.Evenso B.Soonerorlater C.Allofasudden D.Asusual24.A.scared B.sought C.kicked D.stuck25.A.easily B.hardly C.merely D.slightly26.A.overestimated B.underdeveloped C.overgrown D.underfed27.A.protect B.shade C.support D.survive28.A.tiny B.skinny C.strong D.large29.A.conservation B.restriction C.tension D.variation30.A.comeout B.pullup C.gothrough D.leaveoff31.A.run B.recover C.generate D.emerge32.A.struggles B.adventures C.details D.guidelines33.A.industrious B.tolerant C.superior D.straightforward34.A.carefulness B.strength C.optimism D.