閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題綜合練習(xí)02高考英語閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題分類訓(xùn)練（高考模擬真題+名校真題）

閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題綜合練習(xí)02（2023·四川德陽·四川省綿竹中學(xué)統(tǒng)考三模）SendinghumantravelerstoMarswouldrequirescientistsandengineerstoovercomearangeoftechnologicalandsafetyobstacles.Oneofthemistheenormousriskposedbyparticleradiationfromthesun,distantstarsandgalaxies.Answeringtwokeyquestionswouldgoalongwaytowardovercomingthat:Wouldparticleradiationposetooseriousathreattohumanlifethroughoutaroundtriptotheredplanet?And,couldtheverytimingofamissiontoMarshelpprotectastronautsfromtheradiation?InanewarticlepublishedinthejournalSpaceWeather,aninternationalteamofspacescientistswithresearchersfromUCLA,answersthosetwoquestions.Thatis,humansshouldbeabletosafelytraveltoandfromMars,providedthatthespacecrafthasadequateshielding(防護(hù))andtheroundtripisshorterthanapproximatelyfouryears.AndthetimingofahumanmissiontoMarswouldindeedmakeadifference:ThescientistsdeterminedthatthebesttimeforaflighttoleaveEarthwouldbewhensolaractivityisatitspeak,becausethemostdangerousandenergeticparticlesfromdistantgalaxiesaredeflected(偏移)duringsolarmaximum.Imaginably,theaverageflighttoMarstakesaboutninemonths,soitisreasonablethatahumanmissioncouldreachtheplanetandreturntoEarthinlessthantwoyears,accordingtoYuriShprits,aUCLAresearchgeophysicistandco-authorofthepaper.:“Thisstudyshowsthatalthoughspaceradiationimposes(追使)strictlimitationsonhowheavythespacecraftcanbeandthetimeoflaunch,anditpresentstechnologicaldifficultiesforhumanmissionstoMars,suchamissionisviable,”saidShprits,whoalsoisheadofspacephysicsandspaceweatheratGFZResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam,Germany.1．Whatarethetwoquestionsabout?A．Gettingridofthetechnologicalobstacles.B．MakingastronautsreturnfromMarssafely.C．Protectingastronautsfromparticleradiation.D．LaunchingthespacecrafttoMarsinshielding.2．WhichdecidesthetimewhenhumansflytoMars?A．Thedistancetostars. B．Thelengthoftheroundtrip.C．Thesizeofparticles. D．Thedegreeofsolaractivity.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inParagraph6mean?A．Challenging. B．Workable. C．Rewarding. D．Affordable.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TwoQuestions,aHelptoHumans?B．ParticleRadiation,anObstacletoMars?C．TravellingtoMars,anImpossibleMission?D．ARoundTriptoMars,TechnologicalAdvance?（2023·云南玉溪·統(tǒng)考一模）It’spickingseasonatChristianNachtwey’sorganicorchard(果園)inwesternGermanyandlaborersareloadingtheirvehicleswithripeapples.ButNachtwey’sfarmisalsoobtainingasecondharvest:Manyoftheappletreesgrowbeneathsolarpanelsthathavebeenproducingelectricity,whileprovidingthefruitbelowwithmuch-neededshade.“Theideaissimple,”saidNachtwey.“Toprotecttheorchard,withoutreducingtheavailablegrowingsurfaceandinparticularmaintainingproduction.Ontopofthat,there’sthesolarelectricitybeinggeneratedonthesameland.”Large-scalesolarinstallationsonfarmlandarebecomingincreasinglypopular,asfarmersseektomakethemostoftheirlandandestablishasecondsourceofrevenue(收益).Gettingtherightmixofcropandsolarishard,becausemodernfruitvarietiesarefinelyusedtoparticulargrowingconditions.Anychangecantipthebalance,costingfarmersrevenueiftheirfruitisdamaged,thewrongcolorornotassweetasconsumerslike.That’swhyNachtweyiscooperatingwithresearcherstotestwhichapplevarietiesthriveunderthesolarroofs,andwhichtypesofsolarroofsarebestsuitedfortheorchard.Tocomparetheresults,sometreesarecoveredwithaconventionalnetnormallyusedtoprotectsensitivecropsfromhail(冰雹).JuergenZimmer,anexpertwiththeagriculturalservicesdepartmentofRhineland-Palatinatestate,saidtheapplesgrownunderthesolarroofswereslightlylesssweetthisyearthanthoseunderthehailnets.Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.“Weneedatleasttwotothreefullyearstorecordalltheweatherconditionsthatmightoccur,andlookattheoutputandcolorthatthedifferentvarietiesoftreeproduce,”saidZimmer.Researchershopethetestswillshowthattreefruitcropsthriveundersolarpanels.Thiscouldhelppreventrenewableenergyproductionfromcompetingforpreciouslandwithagriculture—agrowingconcernforthoseseekingtotackleclimatechangeandrisingfoodprices.5．Whatcanweknowabouttheideaofputtingsolarpanelsintheorchard?A．Treesprovidesolarpanelswithmuch-neededshade.B．Farmersgrowfewertreesassolarpanelscovertheland.C．Solarpanelssignificantlydecreasetheoutputofripeapples.D．Themodelmakesitpossibleforfarmerstomakeextraprofits.6．WhatmayhappenifNachtweydoesn’tgettherightmixofcropandsolar?A．Hemaygetmorerevenues. B．Solarpanelsmaynotwork.C．Thecolorofpanelsmaychange. D．Fruitmaybedifficulttosell.7．WhatdidJuergenZimmerfindinhistest?A．Anetcanprotectcropsfromhail.B．Solar-shadedappleshaveabettertaste.C．Solarroofsshadeapplesfromsunburn.D．Sunburndoesmoreharmtoapplesthanhail.8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Solarpanelscompetewithagricultureforland.B．Afarmertriessolarroofsonanappleorchard.C．Solarpanelsproviderenewableenergyforagriculture.D．Expertsfightagainstclimatechangeandrisingfoodprices.（2023·廣西南寧·統(tǒng)考二模）Aroundtheworld,riversseemtobeeitherfloodingorshrinking(縮小).WhilePakistan’srivershaveleftone-thirdofthatcountryfloodedandmillionsofpeoplewithouthomes,adroughtunseenfor500yearshasleftEurope’smajorwaterwaysalmostdry.IntheUnitedStates,theKentuckyRiversuffereddeadlyfloodingthissunmer,whiletheColoradoRiverdroppedsharply,whichbroughtaboutwaterdistributioncutsacrossseveralstates.Thereislittledisagreementaboutwhat’sgoingon.Scientistshavewarnedforyearsthatourchangingclimatewillcausethefrequencyofbothrainfallanddroughtstoincrease,makingthewetwetterandthedrydrier,withmoreextremeimpactsonrivers.Thequestionnowmaybehowtomanagethosewaterwaysaffectedbyclimatechangeand,specifically,whatroledams(大壩)shouldorshouldnotplayinrelievingthedisasterswe’vebeenseeinglatelyandwillseemoreof.Advocatessaywaterstoragedamswillbecomemoresignificantwhichcanstopwaterduringfloodingandallowitoutintimesofdroughts.Dams,theysay,canhelprelieveclimatechangebyproducingcleanhydropower(水電).“Damsandhydropowerarefundamentaltoclimatereliefandadaptation,”saysRichardTaylor,aleadinghydropowerexpert.Notso.Peopleholdingoppositeopinionsclaimthatdamsdomoreharmthangood.Theirargumentshavelongcenteredonthenegativeimpactmostdamshaveonbiodiversityandriverecosystems,andincreasingdatashowthatdamsactuallyworsenbothfloodsanddroughts.Theyalsopointoutstudieshaveshownthatlakescreatedbydamsoftenproducefarmoreharmfulgreenhousegasesthanpeoplepreviouslyunderstood.“Damsarethoughttobeaclimatesolution,”saysIsabellaWinkler,whoco-leadsInternationalRivers,aU.S.-basedadvocacygroup.“Theyhavebeenpraisedasasourceofgreenenergybuttheyareactuallynot.”Besides,scientistswarnthatmanyexistingdamsuseoperatingrulesbasedonoldclimateassumptions.Newdams,expertsagree,mustbebuiltfortheworstcases.9．WhydidtheauthormentionsomeriversinParagraph1?A．Tocomparetherivers. B．Todescribethedisasters.C．Tointroducethetopic. D．Toanalyzesomefindings.10．Whathasbeenalong-existingconcerntoscientists?A．Buildingdamsdestroystheecosystem.B．Climatechangeworsensnaturaldisasters.C．Hydropowerincreasestheimpactondisasters.D．Waterwaysareinterribleconditionwidely.11．What’sIsabellaWinkler’sattitudetowardsbuildingdams?A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Objective.12．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thedistributionofwaterindifferentareas.B．Theinfluenceofhydropowerontheenvironment.C．Maincausesofwatershortageallaroundtheworld.D．Differentviewsondams’roleinfightingclimatechange.（2023·遼寧·校聯(lián)考二模）Almostadecadeago,researchersatYaleUniversitylaunchedaglobaldatabasecalledMapofLifetotrackbiodiversitydistributionsacrosstheplanet.Now,theteamaddedanewfeaturetothedatabasethatpredictswherespeciescurrentlyunknowntoscientistsmaybehiding.In2018,ecologistMarioMouraoftheFederalUniversityofParaibainBrazilteamedupwithYaleecologistWalterJetz,whotooktheleadintheinitialcreationoftheMapofLife.Thepairsetouttoidentifywhere85percentofEarth’sundiscoveredspeciesmaybe.Fortwoyears,theteamcollectedinformationabout32,000vertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物)species.Dataonpopulationsize,geographicalrange,historicaldiscoverydatesandotherbiologicalcharacteristicswereusedtocreateacomputermodelthatestimatedwhereundescribedspeciesmightexisttoday.ThemodelfoundtropicalenvironmentsincountriesincludingBrazil,Indonesia,Madagascar,andColombiahousethemostundiscoveredspecies.Smalleranimalshavelimitedrangesthatmaybeinaccessible,makingtheirdetectionmoredifficult.Incontrast,largeranimalsthatoccupygreatergeographicrangesaremorelikelytobediscovered,theresearchersexplain.“Itisstrikingtoseetheimportanceoftropicalforestsasthebirthplaceofdiscoveries,stressingtheurgentneedtoprotecttropicalforestsandaddresstheneedofcontrollingdeforestationrateifwewantachancetotrulydiscoverourbiodiversity,”saidMoura.ThemapcomesatacrucialtimewhenEarthisfacingabiodiversitycrisis.Itwasreportedthattherewasa68percentdecreaseinvertebratespeciespopulationsbetween1970and2006anda94percentdeclineinaninalpopulationsintheAmerica’stropicalsubregions.”Atthecurrentpaceofglobalenvironmentalchange,thereisnodoubtthatmanyspeieswillgoetinetbeforewehaveeverlearnedabouttheirexistenceandhadthechancetoconsidertheirfate,’Jetzsaid.13．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMapofLife?A．Itonlytracksbiodiversitydistributions.B．ItwasinitiallycreatedbyMarioMouraC．ItpredictswhereundiscoveredspeciesminhtD．Itmanagedtolocate85%oftheundiscoveredspecties.14．Whichfactormakesanimalseasiertodiscover?A．location B．species. C．size. D．population.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”meaninparagraph4?A．Tackle. B．Ignore. C．Maintain. D．Postpone.16．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Tropicalanimalpopulationshaveslightlydeclined.B．TheMapoflifeissignificanttoprotectingbiodiversity.C．Tropicalforestsarethebirthplaceofmanyextinctspecies.D．Manyspecieswillundoubtedlygoextinctevenifdiscovered.（2023·廣西南寧·統(tǒng)考二模）AteamofresearchersatHarvardUniversityandEmoryUniversityhavecreatedaschoolofroboticfish.Theycanswimbyrecreatingthecontractions(收縮)ofapumpingheart.Researcherssaytheexperimentcouldadvancepacemaker(心臟起搏器)technologyandimprovethedevelopmentofartificialheartsforhumans.Researchersbuiltthezebrafish-basedfishusingpaper,gelatin(明膠),plasticfin,andtwolayersofhumanheartmusclecells.Oneranalongtherobot’sleftside,whiletheotheralongtheright.Whenthemusclecellsononesidecontracted,thetailmovedinthatdirection.Thisallowedthefishtoswiminthewater.Theoppositeside’smusclecelllayersimilarlystretchedasaresultoftheaction.Thisstretchingthensentasignaltothecells,causingthemtocontract,whichkepttheswimmingmotiongoing.Theresearchersalsocreatedanautonomouspacingnode(節(jié)點(diǎn)),similartoapacemaker,whichcontrolsthefrequencyandrhythmofthesecontractions.Thefishmovedautonomouslyforover108days,equalto38millionbeats,thestudystated.“Becauseheartcellsconstantlyrebuildthemselves,whichtakesabout20days,thefishcellsrebuildthemselvesaboutfivetimes,”saysKitParker,aprofessorfromHarvardUniversitywholedtheresearch.Thefisheventuallyreachedspeedsandswimmingefficiencycomparabletowildzebrafish.“Thoughtheresearcherssaythefishisastepforwardforheartresearch,itcouldbeyearsbeforeitleadstothecreationofanartificialheart,”saysMichaelSchneider,aprofessoratImperialCollegeLondon,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.Butthatdoesn’tdisheartenParker.“Ithinkothermethodswillbefasterthanus,”saysParker.“Butinthelongrun,creatingtissuethatreliesonthepatient’sowncellscouldofferunexpectedbenefits.”17．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A．Whytheroboticfishwascreated. B．Whatenabledtheroboticfishtoswim.C．Whogotinvolvedintheexperiment. D．Howfasttheroboticfishcouldswim.18．WhichistrueabouttheroboticfishaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Theywererebuiltbyhumandoctors.B．Theydidn’tmoveasParkerexpected.C．Theyfinallyswamasfastaswildzebrafish.D．Theygrewintothesizeofwildzebrafish.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dishearten”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Discourage. B．Surprise. C．Amuse. D．Relieve.20．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Thefindingsmayaidinheartresearch.B．Thefirstartificialheartshavebeencreated.C．Parkergotnosupportfromotherscientists.D．Theresearcherswereupsetaboutthefindings.（2023·廣西南寧·統(tǒng)考二模）Ifyouaretowatchhigh-qualitymoviesonthego,thenthefollowingonesareyouridealoptions.TheBlindSideThemoviefollowsthestoryofMichaelOher,apoorkidfromaroughneighborhoodwhosucceedsacademicallyanddiscovershistalentsasafootballplayerafterbeingadoptedbythewealthyTuohyfamily.AsaresultofthoseskillsandtheloveandencouragementoftheTuohys,OhergetsintocollegeandeventuallymakesittotheNationalFootballLeague.CocoThestoryfeaturesa12-year-oldboynamedMiguelwhoiscrazyaboutmusic.OntheDayoftheDead,heisaccidentallytransportedtotheLandoftheDead.Thereheseeksthehelpofhisgreat-great-grandfathertoreturnhimtohisfamilyamongthelivingandtochangehisfamily’sbanonmusic.Withthemesofperseverance,teamwork,andlove,thefilminspiresaudiencestoappreciatetheirfamilyandalwaysfollowtheirdreams.WonderWondertellsastoryofaboynamedAuggie,whowasbornwithTreacherCollinssyndrome(特雷徹·柯林斯綜合征);hehasgonethrough27surgeriessincebirth.Afteryearsofhome-schooling,AuggieissenttoaregularschoolbyhisMom.Hefacesalltypesofproblems.However.Auggieisatough-mindedandintelligentperson,andwithlovefromhisfamilyandfriends,hefinallymanagestogainacceptancebymostofhisschoolmatesandotherpeopleinthecommunity.21．Whoistalentedinsports?A．MichaelOher. B．TheTuohys. C．Miguel. D．Auggie.22．WhatdowelearnaboutMiguel?A．Heaskshisgreat-grandfatherforhelp. B．HeplanstovisittheLandoftheDead.C．Heacceptshisfamily’sbanonmusic. D．Heisaboyshowingpassionformusic.23．Whatdothethreemovieshaveincommon?A．Theyareaboutthreeboys’schoolwork. B．Theytellinspiringstoriesfulloflove.C．Theyfocusonthelifeofadoptedkids. D．Theyshowtheimportanceofteamwork.（2023·江西南昌·統(tǒng)考二模）Ananalysisof5.4grammesofstonesanddustthataJapaneseHayabusa-2spacecraftgatheredfromRyugu,anasteroid(小行星)nearEarth,hasdiscoveredasurprisingcomponent:adropofwater.ThediscoveryoffersnewsupportforthetheorythatlifeonEarthmayhaveoriginatedfromouterspace.Hayabusa-2waslaunchedin2014onitsmissiontoRyugu,andreturnedtoEarth’sorbittwoyearsagotodropoffacapsulecontainingthesample.Thesamplehasbeendividedamongdifferentscientificteamstomaximizethechanceofnewdiscoveries.Thepreciouscargohasalreadyproducedseveralresults,includingorganicmaterialsthatshowedsomeofthebuildingblocksoflifeonEarth,aminoacids,mayhavebeenformedinspace.Theleadscientist,TomokiNakamuraofTohokuUniversityandhisteam,whichismadeupofabout150researchersfromtheUS,Britain,France,ItalyandChina,alsoanalyzedthesamplefromRyugu.Theteam’slatestdiscoverywasadropofwatercontainingsaltandorganicmatter.“Thisdropofwaterhasgreatmeaning.Manyresearchersbelievethatwaterwasbroughtfromouterspace,butweactuallydiscoveredwaterinRyuguforthefirsttime,”Nakamurasaid.ThatbolstersthetheorythatasteroidssuchasRyugu,oritslargerparentasteroid,couldhaveprovidedwater,whichcontainssaltandorganicmatterincollisions(碰撞)withEarth.“SuchdiscoverymayhavebeendirectlylinkedtotheoriginoftheoceansororganicmatteronEarth,”

Nakamurasaid.KenseiKobayashi,ascientistwhoisnotpartoftheresearchgroup,applaudedthediscovery.“Thefactthatwaterwasdiscoveredinthesampleitselfissurprising,giventhechancesofitbeingdestroyedinouterspace.Itdoessuggestthattheasteroidcontainedwater,intheformoffluidandnotjustice,andorganicmattermayhavebeengeneratedinthatwater,”Kobayashisaid.24．WhatdidNakamura’steamfindlately?A．Ryugumovesneartheearth.B．Ryuguaccommodatesfluidwater.C．Organicmatterexistsinsamplewater.D．Aminoacidscomeintobeinginspace.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolsters”probablymean?A．Supports. B．Doubts. C．Advances. D．Tests.26．Whatisthesignificanceofthediscovery?A．Itdrawsattentiontoaminoacids. B．ItprovesthemissiontoRyuguasuccess.C．ItofferscluestooriginsoflifeonEarth. D．Itpromisesabrightfutureforspaceexploration.27．WhatisKobayashi’sattitudetowardthefinding?A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Objective. D．Favorable.（2023·河北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）OnJanuary22,amassiveicebergbrokeofffromAntarctica’s(南極洲的)BruntIceShelf.Scientistssaytheicebergwasexpectedtobreakoffandtheeventisn’tconnectedtoclimatechange.Butthesizeoftheicebergishardtoimagine.Thisicebergcoversanareaofabout600squaremiles.That’sabouttwicethesizeofNewYorkCity.Antarcticaiscoveredwithalayeroficeandsnowthat’sroughly1.2milesthick.Assnowfalls,itpilesupinthecenterofAntarcticainahugelayerofice.Overtime,theweightofthisiceandsnowcreatesslowlymovingriversoficecalledglaciers,whichpushouttowardthesea.Whentheglaciersreachthesea，theyslowlypushoutbeyondtheedgeoftheland,forminghuge“iceshelves”.Thesearemassivesectionsoficethatspreadoutoverthesea,floatingonthewaterbelow.Fromtimetotime,theedgesoftheiceshelvesbreakoff.Thisisanaturalprocess,called“calving(冰裂作用)”.ThoughcalvingeventsareanormalpartoftheiceshelfinAntarctica,oneexpertdescribeshugecalvingeventslikethisare“quiterareandexciting”.ThisisthesecondtimeintwoyearsthatahugeiceberghascalvedfromtheBruntIceShelf.Thoughthiscalvingeventhadnothingtodowiththeclimatecrisis,theworld’srisingtemperaturesaredefinitelyaffectingAntarctica’sseaice.Unlikeaniceshelf,seaiceisn’tattachedtoAntarctica’sland.It’salayeroficethatfloatsonthesurfaceofthesea.Theseaiceisthereyear-round.Itgrowslargerinthecoldwinters,andsmallerasitbeginstomeltinthesummers.It’snowsummerinAntarctica,andscientistssaytheseaiceisdisappearing“unusually”rapidly.Lastyear,withtemperatureswarmerthannormal,Antarcticasetarecordforthelowestamountofseaiceeverrecorded.ScientistssayAntarctica’sseaicecouldsetanewrecordlowagainthisyear.28．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph2?A．HowbadthetemperatureinAntarcticis.B．Howslowly-movingglaciersareformed.C．WhysomuchsnowandiceareinAntarctic.D．Whatcausestheglacierstomoveslowly.29．Whatdoesaspecialistthinkofthiscalvingevent?A．Unpredictable. B．Incredible. C．Disastrous. D．Beneficial.30．WhatcanweinferabouttheAntarcticaseaicefromthelastparagraph?A．ItisfixedonAntarctica’sland. B．Noseasoncanchangeitssize.C．Scientistsworryaboutitssize. D．Itwillreturntonormalnextyear.31．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A．It’sUrgenttoProtectAntarctica B．TheClimateinAntarcticaIsWarmerC．MassiveIcebergBreaksFromAntarctica D．Antarctica’sSeaIceGrowsLargerinSummer參考答案：1．C2．D3．B4．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果，該研究表明科學(xué)家們可以克服粒子輻射的威脅，幫助人類進(jìn)行火星旅游。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Answeringtwokeyquestionswouldgoalongwaytowardovercomingthat:Wouldparticleradiationposetooseriousathreattohumanlifethroughoutaroundtriptotheredplanet?And,couldtheverytimingofamissiontoMarshelpprotectastronautsfromtheradiation?(回答兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題將大大有助于克服這一問題：粒子輻射是否會(huì)在人類往返火星的過程中對(duì)生命構(gòu)成太嚴(yán)重的威脅？而且，火星任務(wù)的時(shí)機(jī)是否有助于保護(hù)宇航員免受輻射？)”可知，這兩個(gè)問題的解決和是否能夠保護(hù)宇航員免受粒子輻射相關(guān)。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AndthetimingofahumanmissiontoMarswouldindeedmakeadifference:ThescientistsdeterminedthatthebesttimeforaflighttoleaveEarthwouldbewhensolaractivityisatitspeak,becausethemostdangerousandenergeticparticlesfromdistantgalaxiesaredeflected(偏移)duringsolarmaximum.(而且，人類登陸火星的時(shí)間確實(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響：科學(xué)家們確定，離開地球的最佳時(shí)間是太陽活動(dòng)最活躍的時(shí)候，因?yàn)閬碜赃b遠(yuǎn)星系的最危險(xiǎn)、最具能量的粒子會(huì)在太陽活動(dòng)極大期發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)。)”可知，太陽活動(dòng)的活躍程度決定了人類何時(shí)飛往火星。故選D。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一段“Imaginably,theaverageflighttoMarstakesaboutninemonths,soitisreasonablethatahumanmissioncouldreachtheplanetandreturntoEarthinlessthantwoyears,accordingtoYuriShprits,aUCLAresearchgeophysicistandco-authorofthepaper.(據(jù)加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的地球物理學(xué)家、該論文的合著者YuriShprits說，可以想象，飛往火星的平均時(shí)間約為9個(gè)月，因此人類在不到兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)到達(dá)火星并返回地球是合理的。)”可知，YuriShprits認(rèn)為飛往火星并返回地球是合理的。再根據(jù)劃線單詞前一句“Thisstudyshowsthatalthoughspaceradiationimposes(追使)strictlimitationsonhowheavythespacecraftcanbeandthetimeoflaunch,anditpresentstechnologicaldifficultiesforhumanmissionstoMars,(這項(xiàng)研究表明，盡管空間輻射對(duì)航天器的重量和發(fā)射時(shí)間施加了嚴(yán)格的限制，并且給人類的火星任務(wù)帶來了技術(shù)上的困難，)”中的“though”可知，主從句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上文說的是火星任務(wù)的困難，那么所在句指的應(yīng)該是盡管困難重重，任務(wù)還是可行的。選項(xiàng)A“Challenging(具有挑戰(zhàn)性的)”；選項(xiàng)B“Workable(可行的)”；選項(xiàng)C“Rewarding(值得的)”；選項(xiàng)D“Affordable(承擔(dān)的起的)”。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“SendinghumantravelerstoMarswouldrequirescientistsandengineerstoovercomearangeoftechnologicalandsafetyobstacles.Oneofthemistheenormousriskposedbyparticleradiationfromthesun,distantstarsandgalaxies.(將人類旅行者送往火星需要科學(xué)家和工程師克服一系列技術(shù)和安全障礙。其中之一是來自太陽、遙遠(yuǎn)恒星和星系的粒子輻射帶來的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，人類的火星之旅困難之一就是粒子輻射；而根據(jù)最后一段““Thisstudyshowsthatalthoughspaceradiationimposes(追使)strictlimitationsonhowheavythespacecraftcanbeandthetimeoflaunch,anditpresentstechnologicaldifficultiesforhumanmissionstoMars,suchamissionisviable,”saidShprits,whoalsoisheadofspacephysicsandspaceweatheratGFZResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam,Germany.(“這項(xiàng)研究表明，盡管空間輻射對(duì)航天器的重量和發(fā)射時(shí)間施加了嚴(yán)格的限制，并且給人類的火星任務(wù)帶來了技術(shù)上的困難，但這樣的任務(wù)是可行的，”Shprits說，他也是德國波茨坦GFZ地球科學(xué)研究中心的空間物理和空間氣象負(fù)責(zé)人。)”可知，科研人員認(rèn)為這些困難是可以克服的。所以本文主要內(nèi)容就是討論粒子輻射是否會(huì)成為人類通往火星的障礙?！癙articleRadiation,anObstacletoMars?(粒子輻射是通往火星的障礙?)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。5．D6．D7．C8．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了一位德國果農(nóng)在果園里安裝太陽能板，既為蘋果提供了遮陰從而不被太陽曬傷，又增加了額外的收入。這一新的農(nóng)業(yè)和新能源結(jié)合的實(shí)踐正在興起中，研究人員也在檢測(cè)其效果。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ButNachtwey’sfarmisalsoobtainingasecondharvest:Manyoftheappletreesgrowbeneathsolarpanelsthathavebeenproducingelectricity,whileprovidingthefruitbelowwithmuch-neededshade.（但Nachtwey的農(nóng)場(chǎng)有了第二次收獲：許多蘋果樹在太陽能電池板下生長，太陽能電池板一直在發(fā)電，同時(shí)為下面的水果提供了急需的陰涼。）”和第二段中“Large-scalesolarinstallationsonfarmlandarebecomingincreasinglypopular,asfarmersseektomakethemostoftheirlandandestablishasecondsourceofrevenue(收益).（隨著農(nóng)民尋求最大限度地利用他們的土地并建立第二個(gè)收入來源，在農(nóng)田上安裝大規(guī)模太陽能裝置正變得越來越受歡迎。）”可知，在果園中安裝太陽能板能讓農(nóng)民獲得額外的收入。故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.（他說，但是在今年7月24日襲擊該地區(qū)的強(qiáng)烈陽光下，幾乎沒有一個(gè)遮陽蘋果受損，而當(dāng)天多達(dá)18%的未遮陽蘋果被曬傷。）”可知，如果Nachtwey沒有在果園中安裝太陽能板的話，果園里的蘋果很有可能會(huì)被曬傷，以至于很難售賣出去。故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.（他說，但是在今年7月24日襲擊該地區(qū)的強(qiáng)烈陽光下，幾乎沒有一個(gè)遮陽蘋果受損，而當(dāng)天多達(dá)18%的未遮陽蘋果被曬傷。）”可知，JuergenZimmer的測(cè)試結(jié)果表明太陽能板能保護(hù)蘋果不被太陽曬傷。故選C。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一位德國果農(nóng)在果園里安裝太陽能板，既為蘋果提供了遮陰從而不被太陽曬傷，又增加了額外的收入，因此B項(xiàng)“一位果農(nóng)在蘋果園中嘗試太陽能屋頂”可概括文章大意。故選B。9．C10．B11．C12．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。對(duì)于是否在受到氣候變化嚴(yán)重影響的河流上建造水壩，科學(xué)家們的意見不一，支持的一方認(rèn)為修建水壩可以緩解氣候變化，反對(duì)的一方認(rèn)為修建水壩會(huì)破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)且加劇氣候變化。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Aroundtheworld,riversseemtobeeitherfloodingorshrinking(縮小).WhilePakistan’srivershaveleftone-thirdofthatcountryfloodedandmillionsofpeoplewithouthomes,adroughtunseenfor500yearshasleftEurope’smajorwaterwaysalmostdry.IntheUnitedStates,theKentuckyRiversuffereddeadlyfloodingthissunmer,whiletheColoradoRiverdroppedsharply,whichbroughtaboutwaterdistributioncutsacrossseveralstates.(在世界范圍內(nèi)，河流要么泛濫，要么萎縮。巴基斯坦的河流使該國三分之一的土地被洪水淹沒，數(shù)百萬人無家可歸，與此同時(shí)，一場(chǎng)500年未遇的干旱使歐洲的主要水道幾乎干涸。在美國，肯塔基河今年夏天遭受了致命的洪水，而科羅拉多河的水位急劇下降，導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)州的供水中斷)”可知，本段提到多條河流或發(fā)洪災(zāi)或干旱，或水位急劇下降，目的是為了引出話題：為應(yīng)對(duì)該問題，專家們對(duì)修建水壩持不同看法。故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thereislittledisagreementaboutwhat’sgoingon.Scientistshavewarnedforyearsthatourchangingclimatewillcausethefrequencyofbothrainfallanddroughtstoincrease,makingthewetwetterandthedrydrier,withmoreextremeimpactsonrivers.(人們對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情幾乎沒有分歧。多年來，科學(xué)家們一直警告說，不斷變化的氣候?qū)?dǎo)致降雨和干旱的頻率增加，使潮濕的地方更潮濕，干燥的地方更干燥，對(duì)河流產(chǎn)生更極端的影響)”可知，氣候變化加劇了自然災(zāi)害，這是科學(xué)家們長期以來的擔(dān)憂。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中IsabellaWinkler的話“Theyhavebeenpraisedasasourceofgreenenergybuttheyareactuallynot.(它們被譽(yù)為綠色能源的一種來源，但實(shí)際上并非如此)”可知，IsabellaWinkler認(rèn)為水壩并不是解決氣候問題的方法，無法帶來綠色能源。因此，IsabellaWinkler對(duì)建設(shè)水壩持否定態(tài)度。故選C。12．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章前兩段介紹了氣候變化使洪澇和干旱災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，并提出了科學(xué)家們爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)：水壩的作用，第三段介紹了支持者的觀點(diǎn)，第四、五段主要介紹了反對(duì)者的看法。由此可知，本文主要呈現(xiàn)的是科學(xué)家們對(duì)修建水壩是否對(duì)氣候變化起作用的不同觀點(diǎn)。故選D。13．C14．C15．A16．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹一個(gè)名為“生命地圖”的全球數(shù)據(jù)庫跟蹤生物多樣性分布，并預(yù)測(cè)科學(xué)家目前未知的物種可能隱藏在哪里。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,theteamaddedanewfeaturetothedatabasethatpredictswherespeciescurrentlyunknowntoscientistsmaybehiding.(現(xiàn)在，該團(tuán)隊(duì)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中添加了一個(gè)新功能，可以預(yù)測(cè)科學(xué)家目前未知的物種可能隱藏在哪里。)”可知，“生命地圖”可以預(yù)測(cè)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種在哪里生存。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Smalleranimalshavelimitedrangesthatmaybeinaccessible,makingtheirdetectionmoredifficult.Incontrast,largeranimalsthatoccupygreatergeographicrangesaremorelikelytobediscovered,theresearchersexplain.(較小的動(dòng)物的活動(dòng)范圍有限，可能無法被發(fā)現(xiàn)，這使得它們的探測(cè)更加困難。研究人員解釋說，相比之下，占據(jù)更大地理范圍的大型動(dòng)物更有可能被發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，動(dòng)物的大小使動(dòng)物更容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。15．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“t