浙江卷 閱讀C篇27-30題：閱讀理解說明文-2021年高考英語（原卷板）

題號押題3

浙江卷C篇第27—30題：閱讀理解說明文

里題￡1膽

Passagel2020.1浙江卷C篇第27-30題

Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence（毅力），a

characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversity

discoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325American

familiesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementin

school.

“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalso

helpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.^^

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative“parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnot

authoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthe

followingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主權）.

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfinding

isthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,

whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthat

singleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.

27.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors?study?

A.Itcenteredonfathers9roleinparenting.

B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.

C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.

D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.

28.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?

A.Ignoretheirdemands.B.Makedecisionsfbrthem.

C.Controltheirbehaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.

29.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?

A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.

C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers

B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture

C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather

D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance

Passage22020.7浙江卷C篇第28-30題

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyour

brainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereover

age75andassessedthevolunteers9memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,

thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（認知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally

challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants5overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.Afteralongrun,youmayfeel

likeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,but

itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.

It*snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,for

example,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-level

officework.And"runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（協(xié)調(diào)）,“shesays.

“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesor

geneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?

A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.

C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.

29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?

A.Byusinganexpert'swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

Passage32021.1浙江卷卷C篇27-30題

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）useto

communicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66

gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexamining

morethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtobe

recordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwherethey

deliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.

"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehuman

languageinthatrespect.^^

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanother

animal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasa

significantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inone

case,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:t4Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumps

ontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofFtogether.uThebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanother

species（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,“saidDr

Hobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthy

inseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittle

disappointing”.

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestill

missingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseem

tonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.^^

27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.

28.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf'inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

D.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated

工命題探究1

主題為探索與發(fā)現(xiàn)的說明文，一般可以歸類進入科技說明文一大類里面。這類說明文，對某事物或現(xiàn)

象進行研究，得出一些研究成果。說明文是對事物或事理進行客觀說明的一種文體，它以說明為主要表

達方式，通過解說事物或闡明事理，達到教人以知識的目的，在結構上往往采用總分、遞進等方式按一

定的順序（如時間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進行說明。說明文的特點是客觀、簡練、語言準確、明了，

文章很少表達作者的感情傾向。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構

造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點等。最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材

通常是各學科的前沿問題；高科技領域的科研成果；人們比較關心的社會問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。由于

閱讀理解題的設置采用漸進式，即由簡到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對比較難

的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的中要考點之一是考查學生對詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的

運用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生

詞較多，通常達到了4-5%。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助理解語篇，例如，同位語、下定

義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號（如破折號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明）等。

（解題秘籍X

高考閱讀理解中，說明文為主要體裁之一。高考閱讀理解題的設問主要圍繞以下四方面：細節(jié)事實題、

主旨大意題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題。其中，說明文主要以細節(jié)事實、主旨大意和猜測詞義三方面問

題為主。

一、事實細節(jié)題

屬于細節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩

種。第一種是直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉換題，正確選項是原文有關詞

語和句子的轉換。做此類試題一定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物、發(fā)展過程和結局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選

答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。這類題型的主要提問方式常為：

①Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrueinthepassage?

②WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdiscussed/mentionedinthepassage?

③Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?

④AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueexcept.

細節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息

進行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提

高了做題的準確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題

目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關系的because,since,as等；表轉折

關系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。

二、詞義猜測類題型

在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個：一是被已認識的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導；二是

被完全不認識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實解決這兩個

困難的一個重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構詞，語法，定義，同

位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義.在閱讀解題時要注意從以下七個方面著手：

1）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說明猜測生詞的詞義

在be,becalled,call等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，或定語從句及標點符號，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測生詞

的含義。例如：Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.通過理解定語從句的意

思，能猜出herdsman是‘‘牧人

2）根據(jù)對比關系猜測生詞的詞義

在but,however,yet>otherwise,though這些表示意義轉折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯對

比關系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過這種對比關系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：ThoughTom'sface

hasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.和clean意思相對的便是"骯臟的''了，因此可猜出

句中grubby的意思是“骯臟的

3）通過因果關系猜測詞義

because,since與as是連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞，so是連接表示結果的狀語從句的連詞，so...that與

such...that中的that是連接結果狀語從句的。當這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過因果關系，依據(jù)

已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

根據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推測trim就是“修剪”之意。

4）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義

運用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例

如：Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗，wither表示“枯

萎”。

5）根據(jù)同等關系猜測詞義

同等關系，指的是一個詞，一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的

標志是，這樣的詞組或短語中間常常用并列連詞and或or來連接。例如：Atforty-twohewasinhisprime

andalwaysfullofenergy.從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關系的fullofenergy可以猜出prime的意思

是“盛年時期

6）根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測詞義

Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:'"TheWorldofEnglish"."ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools^^,or

''EnglishLeaming,\從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。

7）根據(jù)構詞法知識猜測詞義

根據(jù)學過的構詞法知識，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如在2006

年福建的高考題文章中有這樣一句：

Theschoolsarereluctanttotakeoff-eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehad

troublegettingthedayoff.

A.KindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless

【解題思路】通過破折號可知正確答案為B.

三、主旨大意類題型

主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是

某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎樣把握主旨大意題呢？通常有以下幾種方法：

（一）閱讀文章的標題或副標題

文章的標題是一篇文章的題眼，通過閱讀標題或副標題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。

（二）尋找文章的主題句

分析篇章結構，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點我們可

以通過仔細閱讀短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔

細閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的

首句，有時也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來說明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時，

要求學生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學生綜

觀全文，對段落的內(nèi)容要融會貫通，對文章透徹理解后歸納總結。主題句的特點是：1.相對于其他句子，

它表達的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結構簡單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所

表達的思想的。

總之，為提高閱讀理解能力，在閱讀時應抓中心思想，作者意圖及關鍵詞語，運用聯(lián)想，比較，歸納，推

測等方法，得出最佳結論，選擇最佳答案，不能主觀臆測，把自己的觀點強加進去，與文章的觀點混為

一談。經(jīng)過長時間有計劃,有目的的系統(tǒng)訓練，使學生加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀的正確性，使兩者有機地

統(tǒng)一起來，以提高學生閱讀英語和運用英語進行交際的能力，為繼續(xù)學習和運用英語切實打好基礎.閱讀

是一種綜合性很強的語言實際活動。我們只有進行大量的課內(nèi)外閱讀，掌握一定的閱讀技巧，正確運用

閱讀方法，才能有效地提高閱讀理解能力。

工押題沖關》

Passagel廈門外國語學校2021屆高三第一次階段性檢測之D篇

Whilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffectsassociatedwithit.

Whyisn'tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwithnegativity.Thebrainisdesigned

toworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridge

betweeneachothertopassinformationinahigherspeed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeof

thought,itismoreeasilypassed.Thisexplainswhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

Yettheharmfuleffectsdon*tstopthere.Astudyshowsthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampus（海馬區(qū)）,which

playsavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.

Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone:cortisol,akindofchemicalthe

bodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhighblood

pressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity（免疫力）.

Theilleffectsofourcomplainingarenftjustlimitedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethosearoundus.Wetendto

mirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthavingstubborncomplainersinour

circleofcompanions.

Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude（感恩）.Justlikecomplainingactsas

apoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevelsby23percent,aswellasreduces

bloodpressureandbloodsugar.Italsodecreasestirednessanddepression.Gratitudeistheperfectcurefor

complaining,abehaviorthatstealsourbrainpower,happinessandphysicalwell-being.

Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesofothers?Haveyou

noticedthatwhenyouaregrateful,youfeelbetterallover?Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssection

below.

1WhatdoPara2-3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.

B.Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.

C.Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.

D.Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

2Whatcanweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?

A.GratitudeisaneffectivecurefbrCortisol.

B.Ourbodyproducecortisolwhenwefeelexited.

C.Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.

D.Havingahighlevelofcortisolcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

3.Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplainers?

A.Grateful.B.Tolerant.

C.Disapproving.D.Skeptical.

4.Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?

A.Inanewspaper.B.Inamedicalreport.

C.Onawebsite.D.Inaradioprogram.

Passage22019?河南天一大聯(lián)考D篇

Youcanrelaxifrememberingeverythingisn'tyourstrongsuit.Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeing

forgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.

Traditionalresearchonmemoryhasfocusedontheadvantagesofrememberingeverything.Butlookingthrough

yearsofrecentmemorydata,researchersfoundthattheneurobiologyofforgettingcanbejustasimportanttoour

decisionmakingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.

Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesn*tmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand.Itjustmeansyouneedto

holdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalacefbrthemost

uptodateinfonnationonclientsandsituations.Ourbrainsdothisbycreatingnewneurons（神經(jīng)元）inour

hippocampus,whichhavethepowertooverwrite（重寫）existingmemoriesthatareinfluencingourdecision-

making.

Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinourbrain'slearningregion,tryexercising.Someaerobic

exerciselikejogging,powerwalkingandswimminghasbeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmaking

importantconnectionsinourbrains.

Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsordetailsaboutoldjobs,thebrainismakingachoicethatthese

detailsdon*tmatter.Althoughtoomuchforgetfulnesscanbeacauseforconcern,theoccasionallostdetailcanbe

asignofaperfectlyhealthymemorysystem.Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecisionmakingby

stoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonunimportantpastdetails.Instead,thebrainhelpsusrememberthemost

importantpartofaconversation.

Wecangetblamedforbeingabsentmindedwhenweforgetpasteventsinperfectdetail.Thesefindingsshowus

thattotalrecall（記憶）canbeovervalued.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertheright

stories,noteverystory.

5.Howcanwehelpourbrainsproducemoreneurons?

A.Byhavingdeepsleepfrequently.

B.Bypracticingswimmingregularly.

C.Bydoingmentallaborrepeatedly.

D.Bylearningnewskillsconstantly.

6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace“facilitate"underlinedinParagraph5?

A.Postpone.B.Repeat.

C.Promote.D.Abuse.

7.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetext?

A.Memorylossiswellworthnoticing.

B.Decisionscan*tbemadewithoutmemories.

C.Weshouldn'tstresstotalrecalltoomuch.

D.Forgettingisevenmoreimportantthanremembering.

Passage3常德市第二中學2021屆高三開學摸底考試C篇

Wehavelongknownthat,forparticularskills,peopletendtoratethemselvesincorrectly.Inafamousstudyin

1981,researchersaskedpeopletoratetheirdrivingability.Morethan90percentconsideredthemselvesabove

average.Ofcourse,somepeoplewhothinktheyareaboveaveragedriversreallyare.Butthe90percentstatistic

showsthatmanypeopleinflatehowtheycomparewithothers.Infact,only50percentofpeoplecanrateabove

average.

Sowhenarepeoplelikelytobeoverconfidentinhowtheyrank?Andwhenaretheyunderconfident?Spencer

GreenbergofClearThinkingandhisteamconductedastudyandaskedpeoplewheretheyrankedon100skills.

Foreachskill,participantswereaskedhowtheythoughttheycomparedwithothersontheplatfbnnwhoshared

theirageand