MOOC Green Chemistry-四川大學(xué) 中國(guó)大學(xué)慕課答案

MOOCGreenChemistry-四川大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)慕課答案ReviewQuestion1、問(wèn)題：WhatdayistheInternationalOzoneProtectionDay?選項(xiàng)：A、September11thB、September15thC、September16thD、July14th正確答案:【September16th】2、問(wèn)題：What'stheinfluenceofNuclearWinteronclimate?選項(xiàng)：A、DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.B、IncreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.C、Noobviousinfluence.D、Notsureyet.正確答案:【DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.】ReviewQuestion1、問(wèn)題：Whatarethetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingstatements?選項(xiàng)：A、Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)B、DepletionofozonelayerC、Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;AcidrainD、Increaseofheavypeople正確答案:【Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)#Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;Acidrain】1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblemsReviewQuestion1、問(wèn)題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】2、問(wèn)題：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework13rdWeek.Chapter2Homework2ReviewQueation1、問(wèn)題：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:選項(xiàng)：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正確答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】4thWeek.Chapter2Homework35thWeek.Chapter2Homework46thWeek.Chapter2Homework56thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1、問(wèn)題：OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?選項(xiàng)：A、KitchengarbageB、WastecookingoilC、AgriculturalwastesD、Microalgae正確答案:【Kitchengarbage#Wastecookingoil#Agriculturalwastes#Microalgae】2、問(wèn)題：Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:選項(xiàng)：A、HydrolysisB、DeoxygenationC、CondensationD、Hydrogenation正確答案:【Hydrolysis#Deoxygenation#Hydrogenation】3、問(wèn)題：Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:選項(xiàng)：A、AcceleratesthereactionratewithheatB、TheneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcoolingC、Pre-heatingofthereactionmixtureD、Separationenergyrequirement正確答案:【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat#Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling#Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture#Separationenergyrequirement】4、問(wèn)題：Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?選項(xiàng)：A、DepletionofozonelayerB、PhotochemicalsmogandhazeC、AcidrainD、Globalwarming正確答案:【Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandhaze#Acidrain#Globalwarming】5、問(wèn)題：Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:選項(xiàng)：A、SonicB、MicrowavesC、SolarenergyD、Photoandotherradiation正確答案:【Sonic#Microwaves#Solarenergy#Photoandotherradiation】6、問(wèn)題：Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:選項(xiàng)：A、ThepresenceofparallelreactionB、LowequilibriumconversionC、LowproductstereoselectivityD、Difficultyinproductseparation正確答案:【Thepresenceofparallelreaction#Lowequilibriumconversion#Lowproductstereoselectivity】7、問(wèn)題：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:選項(xiàng)：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正確答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】8、問(wèn)題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】9、問(wèn)題：Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要條件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】11、問(wèn)題：Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】12、問(wèn)題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】13、問(wèn)題：Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】14、問(wèn)題：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】15、問(wèn)題：Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】7thWeek.Chapter3Homework18thWeek.Chapter3Homework29thWeek.Chapter3Homework310thWeek.Chapter3Homework410thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1、問(wèn)題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(預(yù)防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.選項(xiàng)：A、Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)B、ToavoiddirecttoxicityC、TofacilitatetheuptakeofchemicalsbyorganismsD、Tofacilitatebio-detoxication正確答案:【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)#Toavoiddirecttoxicity#Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】2、問(wèn)題：Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:選項(xiàng)：A、Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpointB、Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradabilityC、WatersolubilityD、Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances正確答案:【Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpoint#Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability#Watersolubility#Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】3、問(wèn)題：Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare選項(xiàng)：A、ExposureB、Bio-accumulationC、Bio-availabilityD、Intrinsictoxicity正確答案:【Exposure#Bio-availability#Intrinsictoxicity】4、問(wèn)題：WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:選項(xiàng)：A、Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)B、WatersolubilityC、DissolutionconstantD、Relativemolecularweight正確答案:【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)#Watersolubility#Dissolutionconstant#Relativemolecularweight】5、問(wèn)題：Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:選項(xiàng)：A、AbsorptionB、DistributionC、MineralizationD、Catalysis正確答案:【Absorption#Distribution】6、問(wèn)題：Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?選項(xiàng)：A、TomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebodyB、TomakeiteasilyabsorbedC、TomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardouslyD、Tomakeitpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses正確答案:【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody#Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】7、問(wèn)題：Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?選項(xiàng)：A、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisdesiredinthecaseofdrugsB、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugsC、ToxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisundesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsD、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances正確答案:【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs#Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】8、問(wèn)題：Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】9、問(wèn)題：Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP5.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】11、問(wèn)題：ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】12、問(wèn)題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】13、問(wèn)題：Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】14、問(wèn)題：Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】15、問(wèn)題：Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】ReviewQuestion1、問(wèn)題：Whichofthemolecularfeaturescangenerallyincreaseresistancetoaerobicbiodegradation?選項(xiàng)：A、Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorineB、Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompoundsC、Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bondsD、Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues正確答案:【Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorine#Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompounds#Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bonds#Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues】11thWeek.Chapter4Homework1ReviewQuestion1、問(wèn)題：PleasechoosetheotherphysicochemicalpropertiesrelatedtothetoxicityofchemicalstoaquaticspeciesexceptforlogP.選項(xiàng)：A、WatersolubilityB、MolecularsizeandweightC、IonpairandzwitterionsD、Chelation正確答案:【W(wǎng)atersolubility#Molecularsizeandweight#Ionpairandzwitterions#Chelation】2、問(wèn)題：Theupdateofthechemicalswithmolecularweight≤1000Daltonswillbenegligible,becausethechemicalwillnotdiffuseacrosstherespiratorymembranes(呼吸膜)ofaquaticorganisms.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】12thWeekChapter4Homework213thWeekChapter4Homework313thWeekChapter4Unittest1、問(wèn)題：Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:選項(xiàng)：A、HalogensandchainbranchingB、PotentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysisC、Un-substitutedlinearalkylchainsD、Heterocyclicresidues正確答案:【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis#Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】2、問(wèn)題：Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:選項(xiàng)：A、Bio-activationB、RateofsolubilizationC、EnzymatichydrolysisD、Microbialbioavailability正確答案:【Rateofsolubilization#Microbialbioavailability】3、問(wèn)題：Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金屬化酸性染料).選項(xiàng)：A、Al,Cr,orCoB、Al,Cr,orZnC、Cr,Co,orZnD、Fe,Cu,orZn正確答案:【Al,Cr,orCo#Al,Cr,orZn#Cr,Co,orZn】4、問(wèn)題：Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:選項(xiàng)：A、Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylringsB、HeterocyclicresiduesC、OxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroupsD、Halogens正確答案:【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings#Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】5、問(wèn)題：FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:選項(xiàng)：A、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNB、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNC、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityisD、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,thelessacutethetoxicityis正確答案:【PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryN#ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6、問(wèn)題：Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:選項(xiàng)：A、CationicsurfactantsB、AnionicsurfactantsC、NeutralsurfactantsD、Amphotericsurfactants正確答案:【Cationicsurfactants#Anionicsurfactants#Neutralsurfactants#Amphotericsurfactants】7、問(wèn)題：Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:選項(xiàng)：A、ThenumberofanionsshouldbelessthanthatofcationsB、Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)C、Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000DaltonsD、Todecreasethediameterofthemolecule正確答案:【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)#Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】8、問(wèn)題：Muscarinicantagonistis(蠅覃堿拮抗劑)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】9、問(wèn)題：Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】10、問(wèn)題：IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】11、問(wèn)題：DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有機(jī)氯殺蟲劑),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】12、問(wèn)題：Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】13、問(wèn)題：IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(moleculeB.選項(xiàng)：),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythantheA、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】14、問(wèn)題：Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【錯(cuò)誤】15、問(wèn)題：TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.選項(xiàng)：A、正確B、錯(cuò)誤正確答案:【正確】14thWeekChapter5Homework116thWeekChapter5Homework316thWeekChapter5-Unittest1、問(wèn)題：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?選項(xiàng)：A、WaterB、SupercriticalCO2C、Tetrahydrofuran(THF)D、Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)正確答案:【W(wǎng)ater#SupercriticalCO2#Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)】2、問(wèn)題：WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:選項(xiàng)：A、H2O2B、LatticeoxygenC、N2OD、O2正確答案:【H2O2#Latticeoxygen#N2O#O2】3、問(wèn)題：Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:選項(xiàng)：A、IncreasetheselectivityofaspecialproductB、PromotethechemicalprocessesC、ReduceenvironmentalpollutionsD、Activatenewstartingmaterials正確答案:【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct#Promotethechemicalprocesses#Reduceenvironmentalpollutions#Activatenewstartingmaterials】4、問(wèn)題：Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:選項(xiàng)：A、WoodywastesB、MicroalgaeC、WheatD、Rice正確答案:【W(wǎng)oodywastes#Microalgae】5、問(wèn)題：Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?選項(xiàng)：A、MembranereactorB、StaticMixersC、MicroreactorsD、Vacuumdistillation正確答案:【Membranereactor#StaticMixers#Microreactors】6、問(wèn)題：Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油煉制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,so