高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題導(dǎo)學(xué)案

高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧PartI.考情分析PartII.閱讀原則做題順序:先題后文,題文對(duì)仗（題目順序即文章順序），偶有例外。題目定位詞停靠:首字母大寫(xiě)詞,實(shí)意名詞或動(dòng)詞,形容詞副詞PartIII.閱讀理解五大題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題（事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題）推理判段題詞義猜測(cè)題主旨大意題觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:Who/What/Where/When/Why/How/Which/...?Whatwasthereasonfor...?Atwhichplacecan...?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept

.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat

.What’stherightorderoftheevents?細(xì)節(jié)理解題技巧總結(jié):錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1）明顯遠(yuǎn)離定位范圍2）絕對(duì)性選項(xiàng)（must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,none,pletely,absolutely等…）2.正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：原文重現(xiàn)同義改寫(xiě)eg.UKEngland/BritainThe?bottleneck?is?the?supply?of?teachers.The?lack?of??teachers.supplywondifferent【Example1】ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleship（戰(zhàn)船）Bismarck（俾斯麥號(hào)）,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowartorn（受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞的）England.TheBismarcksailedintotheAtlanticOcean______.A.tosinktheHood（胡德號(hào)戰(zhàn)艦）B.togaincontrolofFranceC.tocutoffAmericansuppliestoBritainD.tostopBritishwarshipsreachingGermany【Example2】ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleship（戰(zhàn)船）Bismarck（俾斯麥號(hào)）,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowartorn（受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)破壞的）England.TheBritishhadfearedsuchatask.Nowarships（戰(zhàn)船）theyhadcouldmatchtheBismark（俾斯麥號(hào)）inspeedorinfirepower（火力）.TheBismarckhadeight15inchguns（火炮）and81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat30nauticalmiles(海里)anhour.Shewasbelievedtobeunsinkable（不沉的）.ManypeoplebelievedthattheBismarckwasthemoststrongestonebecauseshe______.A.wasfastandpowerfulB.hadmoremenonboardC.wasunderLuetjens’mandD.hadbiggergunsthanotherships牛刀小試：【EX.1】However,theBritishhadtosinkher.TheyforcetheirbestbattleshipHood（胡德號(hào)戰(zhàn)艦）tohuntdowntheBismarck（俾斯麥號(hào)）.OnMay24,theHoodfoundtheBismarck.Itwasameeting（會(huì)面）thattheGermanmander（指揮官）didnotwanttosee.HisordersweretodestroytheBritishshipsthatwerecarryingsupplies,buttostayawayfromafightwithBritishwarships.Thebattledidn’tlastlong.TheBismarck’sfirsttorpedo(魚(yú)雷)hittheHood,whichwentdowntakingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.Welearnfromthetextthaton24May______.A.theBritishwonthebattleagainsttheBismarckB.theBismarckwonthebattleagainsttheBritishC.theBritishgunfiredamagedtheBismarckseriouslyD.theBismarcksucceededinkeepingawayfromtheBritish【EX.2】Butinthefight,theBismarckwasslightlydamaged.HermanderdecidedtorunforrepairstoFrance,whichhadatthattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforcefollowedher.However,becauseoftheBismarck’sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightofher.Hermandertriedtosail（航行）toFranceinorderto______.A.havetheshiprepairedB.jointheotherGermansC.gethelpfromtheFrenchD.getawayfromtheBritish推理判斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語(yǔ)氣)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto(傾向于)_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear（出現(xiàn)）?Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______.Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______.技巧點(diǎn)撥:推斷隱含意義【Example1】Abuildityourselfsolarstill（自制太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable…..Theonlyponents（成分）required,though,area5'×5'sheetofclear（透明的）orslightlymilky（略帶乳白色的）plastic,sixfeetofplastictube（試管）,andacontainer（容器）—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefolded（折疊）intoaneatlittlepackandfastened（系）onyourbelt（腰帶）.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstill（蒸餾器）fromthefirstparagraph?（）A.It’sdelicate（精致的）. B.It’sexpensive.C.It’splex. D.It’sportable（便攜的）.推斷隱含意義題技巧總結(jié)：Scanning，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)Studyreading，不但理解表層，而且要由表及里、由淺入深地分析推理，以文中提供的信息為依據(jù)，結(jié)合常識(shí)，作出符合邏輯的推斷推斷寫(xiě)作目的【Example1】It’sanamazingacplishment（成就）andonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations（企業(yè)）,andothersocialorganizations（組織）.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?（）A.Toencouragesupports.B.Toadvertiseingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.推斷寫(xiě)作目的題技巧總結(jié)1：找句來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的?！綞xample2】AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamilyhisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheartbroken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？（）A.Toentertainreaderswithastoryofmystery．B.Tointroduceanimportanthistoricaleventtoreaders．C.Towarnreadersaboutthedangersofmummies’curses．D.ToinformreadersaboutthetruecauseoftheTitanic'ssinking．推斷寫(xiě)作目的題技巧總結(jié)2：看來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的――根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和措辭(1)toentertainreaders常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)的文章(2)topersuadereaders常見(jiàn)于廣告類(lèi)的文章(3)toinformreaders/offerinformation/tips多見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)﹑新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)﹑文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)類(lèi)的文章.推斷文章出處【Example1】Forthefirsttimeinmorethanthreedecades,themoonmaysoonseesomesoftlanding,humanmadevisitors.Chinalaunched(發(fā)射)itsfirstmoonrover（探測(cè)器）andthirdmoonmission（使命）at1:30amToday,localtime.1：wherecanyoureadthetextprobably?（）A.Inasciencefiction.B.Inaguidebook.C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inanewspaper.推斷文章出處題技巧總結(jié)：這類(lèi)問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的來(lái)判斷其出處:A.報(bào)紙:前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱(chēng)。B.廣告:以“推銷(xiāo)商品、服務(wù)”為目的,因此它的用詞往往具備鼓動(dòng)性和感染力。C.產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明:器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)或操作方式,而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。D.網(wǎng)站：文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)click（點(diǎn)擊），online（在線(xiàn)）,web（網(wǎng)絡(luò)）,website（網(wǎng)址）等字眼。E.雜志：有各種類(lèi)型的雜志，如文學(xué)，美術(shù)，科學(xué)，戲劇，醫(yī)學(xué)，時(shí)尚雜志等等。推斷下續(xù)內(nèi)容【Example1】Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,“Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburden（負(fù)擔(dān)）onmyheartfortwentyfiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.”Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily.C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast.D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce（離婚）.推斷下續(xù)內(nèi)容題技巧總結(jié)：1．把握作者寫(xiě)作思路2．把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，注意最后一段內(nèi)容，特別是最后幾句話(huà)。牛刀小試：【EX.1】Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers狩獵采集者,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected【EX.2】Asdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrow