國際交流英語視聽說4-U5-聽力原文及翻譯

U5Listening1DaveMartin:HelloandwelcometoMoneyMatters.I’myourhost,DaveMartin.Tonightwe’reveryluckytohaveDr.ReginaSimmonsoftheSimmonsInstituteherewithustotalkaboutmoneyandhappiness.Asusual,we’llbetakingcallsfromyou,thelisteners.IfyouhaveaquestionforDr.Simmons,pleasecallin.Goodevening,Dr.Simmons.Dr.Simmons:Goodevening,Dave.It’sgreattobehere.DaveMartin:Thepleasure’sours.Dr.Simmons,letmestartbyaskingyouthisquestion:What’stherelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness?Dr.Simmons:Well,Dave,arecentstudybypsychologistElizabethDunnattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaseemstoshowthat—formostofus—whatmakesushappyisgivingmoneyaway,notspendingitonourselves.That’swhatDunnsaidinarecentinterviewwithNationalGeographic.DaveMartin:Really?Howdidshediscoverthat?Dr.Simmons:Well,itwaswhenDr.Dunnstartedmakingmoremoney—uh,whenshegotajobasaprofessor.Shestartedtogetinterestedinwhethermoneycouldbuyhappinessornot.Shewantedtousetheextramoneyshewasmakinginwaysthatwouldbringherhappiness.Dr.Simmons:Asascientist,shelookedforstudiesandresearchonthesubjectofmoneyanditsrelationshiptohappiness.Tohersurprise,verylittleinformationonthesubjectexisted.SoDr.Dunndecidedtodosomescientificresearchtoseeifpeoplemightgetmorehappinessfromusingtheirmoneytohelpotherpeople,ratherthanthemselves.DaveMartin:Uh-huh.Andhowdidsheresearchthistopic?Dr.Simmons:That’sagoodquestion.Letmegiveyouanexample.Inoneofherfirststudies,Dr.Dunnandherfellowresearchersgaveagroupofpeopleasmallamountofmoneyinthemorning.Theyaskedsomeofthepeopletospenditonotherpeople,andsometospenditonthemselves.Dr.Simmons:Attheendoftheday,theresearchersinterviewedeveryone.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthepeoplewhospentthemoneyonotherpeoplewerehappierthanthosewhohadspentitonthemselves.Sincethen,Dr.Dunnhascompletedalotofotherresearchonmoneyandhappiness.DaveMartin:Hasshe?Oh,excuseme,butIthinkwehaveourfirstcaller.Hello,you’reontheair.Caller1:Uh,hello,Iwantedtoknowwhataresomeofthemistakespeoplemightmakeiftheytrytobuyhappinesswithmoney.DaveMartin:Thankyou,caller.Dr.Simmons?Dr.Simmons:Yes,well,oneverycommonerroristomakeamajorpurchasesuchasabighousethatyoucan’treallyafford.Manypeoplesimplyassumethatowninganexpensiveitem—ahomeoracar—willmakethemhappy.But,youknow,buyingahomeisabigfinancialcommitment,andinfactpeopleoftengodeepintodebttobuyone.Actually,therearenostatisticstoprovethatowningahomemakespeoplehappy.DaveMartin:Isee.Arethereotherstudiesrelatingmoneyandhappiness?Dr.Simmons:Oh,sure.AnotherinterestingstudywasrecentlydonebyresearchersLeafVanBovenandTomGilovich.Theylookedatthevalueofspendingmoneyonexperiences.Peoplecanbuyitemssuchascars,houses,clothes,andDVDs.Butexperiencesaredifferentfromotheritemsthatpeoplepurchase.Forexample,vacations,concerts,orlanguagelessonsareexperiences.So,anyway,thesescientistsusedsurveystoaskpeoplehowtheyfeltabouttheitemstheyboughtcomparedtotheexperiencestheybought.Well,theresearchersdiscoveredthatmoneyspentonexperiencesmadepeoplehappierthanmoneyspentonitems.Thereasonforthisisprobablybecauseexperiencesaremoremeaningfultoaperson,andtheycontributemoretosuccessfulsocialrelationships.DaveMartin:Interesting!Oh,wehaveanothercallerontheline.Goahead,caller.Caller2:Hello.Myquestionishowmuchmoneydoyouneedtobehappy.DaveMartin:Howaboutthat,Dr.Simmons?Howmuchmoneydoweneed?Dr.Simmons:Well,OK,obviouslythat’snotaneasyquestiontoanswer.Peopleliketosaythat“thebestthingsinlifearefree”,whichimpliesthatmoneydoesn’tmattertohappiness.Andweallknowthat’snottrue.Moneyisdefinitelynotthemostimportantcomponentofhappiness,butatthesametime,havingnomoneycandefinitelyaffecthappiness.Dr.Simmons:Therewasaveryinterestingstudyrecentlydonebyaneconomist,AngusDeaton,andapsychologistnamedDanielKahneman.Theywantedtoknowwhethermoremoneymeansmorehappiness.Theyanalyzedsurveyswrittenbythousandsofpeople.Theirresearchdemonstratedsomeveryinterestingthingsaboutmoney.Onceapersonearnsmorethan$75,000ayear,makingmoremoneyceasestosignificantlychangeone’slevelofhappiness.DaveMartin:So,inotherwords,afterapersonearnsmorethan$75,000ayear,moremoneydoesn’thaveabigeffectonyoureverydayhappiness.Dr.Simmons:Exactly.Thethingthat’simportanttorememberisthis:It’snotabouthowmuchmoneyyouhave.Whenitcomestomoney,it’swhatyoudowiththemoneythatcanpromoteyourhappiness—especiallyifyouuseittohelpothersandtohaveyourownenjoyableexperiences.DaveMartin:Thankyouverymuch,Dr.Simmons.We’regoingtopausenowforashortcommercialbreak.戴夫·馬丁:大家好,歡迎來到錢很重要。我是你的主人,戴夫·馬丁。今晚我們非常幸運有西蒙斯學(xué)院的ReginaSimmons博士在這里與我們談?wù)摻疱X與幸福。像往常一樣,我們會把電話從你的聽眾。Simmons博士,如果你有問題請致電。晚上好,西蒙斯博士。Simmons博士:晚上好,戴夫。很高興來到這里。戴夫·馬丁:是我們的榮幸才對。Simmons博士,首先,讓我問你這個問題:金錢與幸福之間的關(guān)系是什么?Simmons博士:嗯,戴夫,最近的一項研究在英國哥倫比亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家伊麗莎白·鄧恩似乎顯示,盡管我們大多數(shù)人捐錢讓我們快樂,不花錢。這就是鄧恩與《國家地理》在最近的一次采訪中表示。戴夫·馬丁:真的嗎?她是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?Simmons博士:嗯,當鄧恩博士開始更多的money-uh,當她找到了一份工作作為一個教授。她開始變得感興趣是否金錢可以買到幸福。她想用額外的錢的方式將她的幸福。Simmons博士:作為一個科學(xué)家,她尋找的主題研究和研究金錢和幸福的關(guān)系。出乎她的意料,很少信息主體的存在。所以鄧恩博士決定做一些科學(xué)研究,看看人們會得到更多的幸福從使用他們的錢來幫助別人,而不是自己。戴夫·馬丁:嗯。和她怎么研究這個主題?Simmons博士:這是個好問題。讓我給你舉個例子。在她的第一個研究中,鄧恩博士和她的同事們給一群人少量的錢。他們要求一些人把錢花在其他的人,和一些人把錢花在自己身上。losethose,there’snowaytogetyourmoneyback.Tina:Bytheway,here’satriviaquestionforyou.Whichcamefirst—thecreditcardorthedebitcard?James:Idon’tknow.Donna:Ithinkdebitcardsprobablycamefirst.Tina:Actually,creditcardsprecededdebitcards.Thefirstcreditcardscameoutinthe1950s,Ithink,andthefirstdebitcardscameoutinthe1970s.James:Really?That’sinteresting.I’llhavetolookthatuponline.Donna:I’mthinkingabouttakingoutaloantohelpmebuyacar,soIdon’thavetotakethesubwayanymore.Doyouthinkit’sagoodidea?Tina:Oh,Idon’tknow.Ifyou’recapableofpayingitbackrightaway,thenitmightbeOK.James:Thatremindsme,Ireadaboutaninterestingwayofborrowingandlendingmoney.It’scalledpeer-to-peerlending.Youmightwanttocheckitout,Donna.Donna:Howdoesitwork?James:It’ssimple.Yougoonlineandcreatealoanrequest,explainingwhyyouneedthemoneyandhowyouplantorepaytheloan.Butit’snotbanksorfinanceprofessionalswhoassistyou—it’sindividuals.Apersonwilldecideiflendyouthesumyourequest.Tina:Doesthatreallywork?James:It’sworkedforalotofpeople.There’sevenaservicethatlendsmoneytopeopleindevelopingcountries.Theloansareusuallyprettysmall,butevenso,it’ssurprisinghowmucha$50loancanhelpsomeone.Sometimesitcanbuyalotwhenit’sexchangedforlocalcurrency.Donna:Hmm,well,Iwouldonlydoitiftheinterestontheloanandthefeeswereverylow.James:Thosevaryalot,dependingontheWebsite.Youshoulddosomeresearchfirst.Hey,youknowwhat,we’vebeenwaitingforawhilenow.I’mhungry!Donna,Tina,let’sgototheplaceacrossthestreet.I’llpayforlunchtoday.Donna:Really?Thanks,James!Tina:That’ssoniceofyou.Nexttime,I’llpayforlunchinstead,allright?詹姆斯:這地方太擁擠的今天。我們真的要在這里吃,蒂娜?我只有半個小時吃午飯。我們不能去隔壁的地方嗎?只用現(xiàn)金的,動作快。蒂娜:我真的很抱歉,詹姆斯,但我沒有任何現(xiàn)金。我計劃使用借記卡吃午飯,和在這里沒有自動取款機。唐娜:你知道,我很少去自動取款機了。我剛剛在超市拿回現(xiàn)金。此外,我用借記卡支付幾乎所有或某種儲值卡card-especially在地鐵里或在咖啡店。詹姆斯:我也一樣,唐娜。你們兩個會使用信用卡嗎?蒂娜:我有一個,但它只對緊急情況。盡管信用卡是有用的,我認為他們是危險的。很容易陷入債務(wù)。這就像給消費者一個陷阱。多娜:我知道。實際上,所有這些電子支付系統(tǒng)我有點擔(dān)心。我的意思是,如果有人知道了很多關(guān)于計算機和數(shù)字如何偷錢從我的銀行帳戶,或者是得到我的信用卡號碼和用它來買東西嗎?詹姆斯:你擔(dān)心得太多了。銀行賬戶是安全的,和信用卡公司不讓你支付如果有人偷了你的信用卡和使用它。但堅持做你儲值卡。如果你失去了這些,沒有辦法拿回你的錢。蒂娜:順便問一下,這里有一個小問題問你。這是第一信用卡或借記卡嗎?詹姆斯:我不知道。唐娜:我認為借記卡可能是第一位的。蒂娜:實際上,信用卡之前借記卡。第一個信用卡出現(xiàn)在1950年代,我認為,第一個借記卡在1970年代。詹姆斯:真的嗎?這很有趣。我得查一下網(wǎng)上。多娜:我想借錢幫助我買一輛車,所以,我不需要坐地鐵了。你認為這是一個好主意嗎?蒂娜:噢,我不知道。如果你能支付它,那么它可能是好的。詹姆斯:這倒提醒了我,我讀到一個有趣的借款和貸款的方式。它被稱為點對點借貸。你可能想看看,唐娜。多娜:它是如何工作的呢?詹姆斯:這很簡單。你上網(wǎng)和創(chuàng)建一個貸款請求,解釋為什么你需要錢,你計劃如何償還貸款。但這不是銀行或金融專業(yè)人士幫助你的人。一個人將決定如果借給你總和你的請求。蒂娜:這真的有效嗎?詹姆斯:這是為很多人工作。甚至有一個服務(wù),借錢給發(fā)展中國家的人們。貸款通常很小,但即便如此,出人意料的是,一個50美元的貸款可以幫助別人。有時它可以買很多的時候兌換當?shù)刎泿?。多?嗯,好吧,我只會做它如果貸款的利息和費用很低。詹姆斯:這些變化很多,根據(jù)不同的網(wǎng)站。你應(yīng)該先做些研究準備準備。嘿,你知道,我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)等了一段時間。我餓了!唐娜,蒂娜,讓我們?nèi)ソ謱γ娴牡胤健Ｎ覍⒅Ц督裉斓奈绮?。唐?真的嗎?謝謝你,詹姆斯!蒂娜:你真是太好了。下一次,我將支付午餐,好嗎?1.Wherearethepeople?a.Atarestaurant.2.Whatpaymentcardsdothespeakersusethemost?b.Debitandstored-valuecards.3.AccordingtoTina,whyarecreditcardsdangerous?c.It’seasytogetintodebtifyouhaveacreditcard.4.Whatistheproblemwithstored-valuecards?b.Ifthey’relost,theirvaluecannotbereplaced.5.Whichstatementaboutpeer-to-peerlendingiscorrect?c.Itallowsindividualstoloanmoneydirectlytootherindividuals.1。人在哪里?在餐館。2。演講者使用最付款卡做什么?b。借記卡和儲值卡。3所示。根據(jù)蒂娜,為什么信用卡的危險?c。很容易進入債務(wù)如果你有一個信用卡。4所示。儲值卡的問題是什么?b。如果他們輸了,他們的價值不能被取代。5。對點對點的借貸是正確的?c。它允許個人直接向其他個人貸款資金。Listening2-1CreditcarddebtisamajorproblemintheUnitedStates.Theaveragedebtperhouseholdisreportedtobeabout$15,799,andtheunpaidcreditcardbillsinarecentyeartotaledaround69billiondollars.KellyJonesgotherselfindebtbyusing10creditcards,butsherecentlyceasedusingthemcompletely.Topayoffher$15,000debt,Jonesworks64hoursaweekattwojobs.Shestartedadebtmanagementplan,andhopestopayoffherbillsinsevenyears.Shewillnolongerpurchaseunnecessaryitems.“IhavenoideawhatIbought.Ihavenothingtoshowforit,”shesays.Now,Joneswarnsyoungpeoplenottorepeathererrors,andtellsthemaboutwhatcanhappeniftheyrelyoncreditcardstoomuch.FinancialcounselorsaskpeoplewhoareindebtlikeKellyJonestocutupalloftheircreditcards.Thisisjustonecomponentofaprocesstohelpclientspaytheirbills.Counselorsdisplaythecut-upcardstodemonstratethatpeoplearenotalone.Cuttingupcreditcardsshowsthecommitmentthathundredsofpeoplehavemadetocontroltheirspending.Eachyearmillionsofpeopleseekhelptogetoutofdebt.Manyofthesepeoplereceivecounselingandeducationtopromotebettermoneymanagement.信用卡債務(wù)是一個大問題在美國。每個家庭的平均債務(wù)報告約15799美元,和未支付的信用卡賬單在最近一年總計約690億美元。凱利瓊斯得到了自己的債務(wù)通過使用10信用卡,但最近她完全停止使用它們。來償還15000美元債務(wù),瓊斯在兩份工作每周工作64個小時。她開始一個債務(wù)管理計劃,并希望在七年內(nèi)償還她的賬單。她將不再購買不必要的商品?！拔也恢牢屹I了什么。我沒有什么成果,”她說。現(xiàn)在,瓊斯提醒年輕人不要重復(fù)自己的錯誤,并告訴他們會發(fā)生什么,如果他們依賴信用卡太多。金融顧問問人的債務(wù)像凱利瓊斯切碎他們所有的信用卡。這只是一個過程的一個組成部分,以幫助客戶支付他們的賬單。輔導(dǎo)員顯示切好的卡片證明人們并不孤單。剪碎信用卡顯示了數(shù)百人的承諾來控制他們的支出。每年數(shù)以百萬計的人們擺脫債務(wù)尋求幫助。很多人接受咨詢和教育促進更好的資金管理。1.WhyiscreditcarddebtamajorproblemintheUnitedStates?Becausetheaveragedebtperhouseholdisalreadyabout$15,799,andtheunpaidcreditcardbillsinarecentyearhastotaledaround69billiondollars.2.WhydidKellyceaseusingallhercreditcardsrecently?Becausesheowesthecreditcardcompaniesalotofmoneyandsheisworkingattwojobsinordertopayherdebt.3.WhatstepshasKellytakentopayoffhercreditcarddebt?Topayoffher$15,000debt,Kellyworks64hoursaweekattwojobs.Shestartedadebtmanagementplan,andhopestopayoffherbillsinsevenyears.Shewillnolongerpurchaseunnecessaryitems.4.Whatdofinancialcounselorsadvisepeopleindebttodo?FinancialcounselorsaskpeoplewhoareindebtlikeKellyJonestocutupalloftheircreditcards.5.Accordingtothecounselors,whatdoescuttingupcreditcardsshow?Cuttingupcreditcardsshowsthecommitmentthathundredsofpeoplehavemadetocontroltheirspending.1。為什么信用卡債務(wù)是一個嚴重的問題在美國?因為每個家庭的平均債務(wù)已經(jīng)約15799美元,和未支付的信用卡賬單在最近的一年總計約690億美元。2。為什么凱利最近停止使用所有她的信用卡嗎?因為她欠信用卡公司很多錢,她是在兩份工作來支付她的債務(wù)。3所示。凱利已經(jīng)什么步驟來償還她的信用卡債務(wù)?來償還15000美元債務(wù),凱利在兩份工作每周工作64個小時。她開始一個債務(wù)管理計劃,并希望在七年內(nèi)償還她的賬單。她將不再購買不必要的商品。4所示。債務(wù)的金融顧問建議人們做什么?金融顧問問人的債務(wù)像凱利瓊斯切碎他們所有的信用卡。5。根據(jù)輔導(dǎo)員,剪碎信用卡顯示什么?剪碎信用卡顯示了數(shù)百人的承諾來控制他們的支出。Listening2-2Interviewer:Theworld’sfinancialcrisisshowsthatthewayindividualsmanagetheirmoneycanaffectthewholeworld.Still,manypeopleareunsureofhowthecrisisbegan.I’mspeakingwitheconomistKenLonoff.Mr.Lonoff,wheredidthecrisisbegin?Interviewee:ItbeganintheUnitedStates.Asyouknow,mostpeoplewanttobuytheirownhome,butveryfewpeoplecanpayinpapercurrency—cash,thatis.Bankshavetohelptheseconsumersbyloaningthemmoneytobuythings.Peopleneedtomeetcertaincriteriatogetaloan.Forexample,theyneedtohaveajobandbeabletopaytheirbills.Interviewer:So,howexactlydidthiscrisisbegin?Interviewee:Well,intheyearsthatprecededthecrisis,theeconomywasgood.F