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./Unit1Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.人生總是有苦有樂,甘苦參半.<人生的道路既鋪滿鮮花,又充滿荊棘.>I’llhaveLisawhereIwanther.我要麗莎去哪里她就得去哪里Hecarriedhisageastonishinglywell.他一點(diǎn)兒都不顯老,面容年輕得令人驚訝.She’dneveragainbelieveanythingintrousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.Hewasadeadshot.However,hemethisWaterloothistime.他是一個(gè)神槍手,可這一次卻遭到慘敗./他遭遇了滑鐵盧.Nixonwaspleasedbythedistinction,butnotoverwhelmed.尼克松對(duì)受到的破格禮遇非常高興,但并沒有受寵若驚.YetChinawasalandofconstantsurpriseandshiftingimpression.而中國(guó)是一片令人驚訝、日新月異的土地.Afterthefailureofhislastnovel,hisreputationstandsonslipperyground.、他上一篇小說寫砸了,他的名聲從此岌岌可危.Mrs.Sawyerlookedradiant,too,andforthefirsttimegobbledupherdinnerlikealittlepig.索耶太太也容光煥發(fā),第一次大口大口吃飯,活像一只小豬.Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.他走在送葬隊(duì)伍的前頭,還不時(shí)有哪個(gè)一條大手絹抹去他那鱷魚的眼淚.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.還是那句老話:物失方知可貴,病時(shí)倍思健康.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.當(dāng)我們年富力強(qiáng)時(shí),死亡幾乎是難以想象的事.我們很少想到死.來(lái)日方長(zhǎng),前途無(wú)量.于是,我們忙于瑣碎的事物,根本意識(shí)不到我們對(duì)生命的漠然態(tài)度Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,patabacklightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,bostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.一張賀卡可以溫暖一顆心,握緊一雙手,傾聽肺腑言,輕拍友人背;它令人喜洋洋,繚的心癢癢,抹去淚汪汪;它給孩子以驚喜,給戀人一溫存,給新娘以祝福,給路人以歡迎;它可用以揮手告別,高聲喝彩,送上飛吻,也可以平息爭(zhēng)吵,減輕痛苦,提高士氣,解除憂慮,開創(chuàng)一種新風(fēng)尚.Unit2Needingsomelighttoseeby,theburglarcrossedtheroomwithalightsteptolightthelightwiththelightgreenshade.夜賊需要一點(diǎn)亮光來(lái)辨識(shí)四周,于是輕步穿過房間,去點(diǎn)亮帶有淺綠色燈罩的燈.Allcitizensinthisnationaresubjecttothelaw.這個(gè)國(guó)家的全體公民都必須服從法律.Paymentaresubjecttochangeinkeepingwithinflation支付隨通貨膨脹的變化而變化..Subjecttothefulfilmentofotherformalities,theyshallbegrantedallnecessarypermits.在他們履行其他正式手續(xù)的條件下,可授予他們一切必要的執(zhí)照Beforeitbeginstowork,theyeastissubjecttodisruptioncausedbyfluctuationsintemperature.酵母在發(fā)酵之前,易受溫度起伏變化的干擾.Accessionshallbesubjecttoapprovalofatwo-thirdvoteoftheDirectorsoftheGovernmentBody.就任須得到董事會(huì)三分之二以上的成員同意.Samplesaresubjecttoaseriesoftestsinthelab,teobjectofwhichislargelytodeterminethecorrectprocessingmethodstobeadoptedineachcase.樣品在實(shí)驗(yàn)室經(jīng)過一系列的檢驗(yàn),其主要目的在于針對(duì)不同情況來(lái)決定采用恰當(dāng)?shù)募庸し椒?Themechanismotheprocess,slowanddelicate,oftenescapesourattention.這種作用過程既緩慢又微妙,經(jīng)常逃過微妙的注意.Undercapitalismdrugsandalcoholareusedbysomeasanescapemechanism.在資本主義社會(huì),毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的途徑.Butpeopleareapttomarvelataningeniousmechanismandobliteratethemanwhomakesit.但是人們往往對(duì)精巧的器械大為驚異,卻忘記了制造它的人.Perhapsthisistheverymechanismofthecreatorsofournationwhoholdthesetruthstobeself-evident.我們國(guó)家的締造者們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的,或許這正是他們的匠心所在.And,againasaresultofthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,mechanisminphilosophybecameanupstart.隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展,哲學(xué)中的機(jī)械論再度變得盛極一時(shí).Thetwomodelcariantsofthesocialisteconomicmechanismaretobedistinguishedfromthepointofviewofmarketfunction.對(duì)于社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的兩種模式需要從市場(chǎng)功能的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)加以區(qū)別.Unit31.Withthepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmoremoreandmore.我對(duì)她的仰慕之情與日劇增2.HehaslongbeenanenemyofstiltedandpretentiousEnglish.他一向反對(duì)矯揉造作的英語(yǔ)3.Theaudienceattendedtheperformancevariedfromtenstothousand.看演出的觀眾少則幾十人,多則數(shù)千人.4.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementyouhavemadeinthisdirection思想獨(dú)立的觀察家們對(duì)你們這方面所取得的成就給予了很好的評(píng)價(jià).5.Nowonderthesightofitshouldsendthememoriesofquiteanumberofpeopleoftheoldgenerationbackto36yearesago.難怪老一輩的許多人一見到它就會(huì)想到36年前的往事.6.Thereisabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.目前我國(guó)各地對(duì)各種消費(fèi)品的需求量已大大的增加.7.OutofalltheglorioustaleswrittenabouttheU.S.revolutionforindependencefromBritainthefactishardlyknownthatablankmanwasthefirsttodieforAmericanindependence讀遍了關(guān)于美國(guó)為擺脫關(guān)于英國(guó)統(tǒng)治爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立而進(jìn)行革命的堂皇紀(jì)事,也很艱難弄清第一個(gè)為美國(guó)獨(dú)立捐軀的原來(lái)是個(gè)黑人.8.Iburiedmyheadunderthemiserablesheetandrug,andcriedlikeachild我心理十分難受,一頭扎進(jìn)被單和毯子中,像孩子一樣哭了起來(lái).9.Thethiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing,小偷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地坦白了所干的壞事.10.Thesailorsswarmedintoalaughingandcheeringaroundthetwomen.水手們歡歡樂樂,蜂擁而至,將這兩人圍城一團(tuán).11.Ienjoythecleanvoluptuousnessofthewarmbreezeonmyskinandthecoolsupportofwater.我喜愛那潔凈的暖風(fēng)吹拂在我的皮膚上使我陶然欲醉,也喜愛那清涼的流水吧我的身體托浮在水面上.12.ItwasatruthofwhichIhadforsometimebeenconsciousthatafigurewithagooddealoffrontagewas,asonemightsay,almostneverapublicinstituin.一段時(shí)期以來(lái),我注意到了一條普遍規(guī)律,不妨說,儀表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社會(huì)名流.Unit41.Oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.海洋與其說是分隔了世界不如說是連接了整個(gè)世界.2.Whenshecameto,shesawsmilingfacesaroundher.她蘇醒過來(lái),看見周圍一張張笑臉.3.Theplanetweliveonisnotjustaballofinertmaterial.我們居住的星球并不僅僅是一個(gè)由惰性物質(zhì)組成的球體.4,.Thepupiloftheeyerespondstothechangeoflightintensity.瞳孔隨光線的強(qiáng)弱變化而縮小放大.5.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢過度,即成蠻勇,感情過度,即成軟弱,簡(jiǎn)約過度,即成貪婪.6.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman..讀書使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智,筆寫使人準(zhǔn)確.7.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealths.熱情的主義又是切肉,又是倒茶,又是上菜,又是切面包,談啊,笑啊,敬酒啊,忙個(gè)不停.8.Thisdigitalcameraiseasytooperate,versatile,compactandhasapleasingmoderndesign.這種數(shù)碼相機(jī)操作簡(jiǎn)便,功能齊全,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,造型美觀.9.Ascientifichypothesiscanbeproven-or,perhapsmoreimportantly,disproven-butapoem,apicture,orapieceofmusic,cannot.一條科學(xué)假設(shè)可以被證實(shí),或被否定,后者可能更為重要.而一首詩(shī),一張畫,或一曲音樂卻不能.10.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;mathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.讀史使人明智,讀詩(shī)人靈秀,數(shù)學(xué)使人周密,科學(xué)使人深刻,倫理使人莊重,邏輯修飾之學(xué)使人善辯.Unit51.Ifyougivehimaninch,hewilltakeamile.你要是遷就他,他會(huì)得寸進(jìn)尺.2.Nevertroubleyourselfwithtroubletilltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻煩.3.Thetruejoyofjoysisthejoythatjoysinthejoyofothers.與人同樂才是真樂.4.Itisnotentirelyrighttosaythatifthereisfood,leteveryoneshareit.說有飯大家吃并不完全正確.5.Therewasnohasteorrestlessnessinhismannerbutapoisedfriendliness.他從容不迫,和藹可親.|他舉止不慌不忙,十分友好.6.Radioactivitymaycauseillnessthatcouldbepassedontoourchildrenandgrandchildren.放射線可以引起遺傳性疾病.7.Bacteriacapableofcausingdiseaseareknownaspathogenic,ordisease-producinggerms.會(huì)引起疾病的細(xì)菌稱為致病菌.8.Forgenerations,coalandoilhavebeenregardedasthechiefenergysourcetotransportmenfromplacetoplace.世世代代以來(lái),煤和石油一直被認(rèn)為是人員運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕茉?9.Patientswithinfluenzamustbeseparatedfromthewelllestthediseaseshouldspreadfrompersontoperson.流感病人必須與健康的人隔開,以免疾病傳播.10.Amongthe18speciesofpenguins,8havechosentheenvironsoftheSouthPoleastheirhabitats.在18種企鵝中,有8種棲息在南極四周.11.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritories,encompassalargepopulationandaboundinnaturalresources.這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家,土地遼闊,人口眾多,資源豐富.12.Inordertosurvive,tofeed,clotheandshelterhimselfandhischildren,manisengagedinaconstantstrugglewithnature.為了生存,為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行,人類和大自然不斷進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng).13.Winteristhebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.冬天是研究樹木生長(zhǎng)的最好季節(jié);雖然樹葉落了,樹枝光了,但樹木本身卻很美麗.Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledge,hasgivenmanthepracticalresultofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyothers.人類對(duì)科學(xué)的研究,對(duì)知識(shí)的尋求,其實(shí)際結(jié)果是使自己具有抵御天災(zāi)人禍的能力.Unit6Itiseasytoseewhatweightcanbeovercomeandwhatthrustisnecessarytomaintainflight.要知道應(yīng)該抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飛行,這很容易.Hewasdumb-foundedatherinsistencethatheexplainwhereeverycentofhisallowancehadgone.她非要他講清楚他的每一分錢都到哪兒去了,他啞口無(wú)言.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.這種理論的核心是,我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話,也是微不足道的.Behaviorist,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandothervantagesthatwhitesenjoy.相反,行為主義者認(rèn)為,成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其他環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件.Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldyenturetodefyworldpublicopnionandactarbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑視世界公眾輿論而一意孤行,那他一定是個(gè)魯莽之徒.Iwasallthemoredelightedwhen,asaresultoftheinitiativeofyourgovernment,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.由于貴國(guó)政府的提議,才得以這樣快地重提訪問之事,這使我感到特別高興.Accountsaregivenofhugemountainssinking,offormerplaiinsseenheavedaloft,offiresflashingoutamidtheruin.大山沉陷,平原隆起,火焰噴射,周圍是一片廢墟,這些都有報(bào)道.Thepresidenthasalsocalledforanannualmomentofsilenceat8;46a.m.Easterntime,whenthefirstplanehitthefirsttower.總統(tǒng)也號(hào)召每年的這一天,在東部時(shí)間8:45,也就是當(dāng)?shù)谝患茱w機(jī)撞上第一座塔樓的時(shí)刻全國(guó)默哀.Nowadaysitisunderstoodthatadietwhichcontainsnothingharmfulmayresultinseriousdiseaseifcertainimportantelementsaremissing.如今人們知道,如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分,即使其中不含任何有害的物質(zhì),也會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的疾病.Canyouforgeagainsttheseenemiesinagrandandglobalalliance,NorthandSouth,EastandWest,thatcanassureamorefruitfullifeforallmankind?Willyoujoininthathistoriceffort?你們能不能部分東南西北,建立起一個(gè)對(duì)付這些敵人的全球聯(lián)盟,以保證全人類享有更為豐富的生活?你們是否愿意參與這一歷史的努力?Manymorevisitorsthanitcancomfortablyaccommodatepouredintoit,offtheregularsteamers,offcharteredmotorboatsandoffyachts;alldaytheyambledupthetowpath,lookingforwhat?游客太多了,這小地方接待不過來(lái).搭班船的、坐包船的、駕游艇的,一批批涌到,從早到晚,絡(luò)繹不絕,漫步爬上纖路.他們想看什么呢?Unit7Onecouldnotbetoocarefulinanewneighborhood.新到一個(gè)陌生的鄰里,越小心越好.I'mwiserthantobelievewhatyoucallmoneytalks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所說的金錢是萬(wàn)能呢.Nothingissobeautifulbutitbetrayssomedefectoncloseinspection.再漂亮的東西,只要仔細(xì)觀察,也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種缺陷.Hewoulddoanythinghewasaskedtodobutreturntohisoldlife.叫他干什么他都愿意,只要不再過以往那種日子就行.Iknowitisasquarepeginaroundhole;still,itservesafterafashion.我知道此物方枘圓鑿,十分不配;但盡管如此,還是勉強(qiáng)頂用.Africaisnotkickingoutwesternimperialisminordertoinviteothernewmasters.非洲將西方帝國(guó)主義踢出國(guó)門并不是為了請(qǐng)進(jìn)其他的新主子.Bothsidesthoughtthatthepeaceproposalwasonetheycouldacceptwithdignity雙方都認(rèn)為可以不失體面地接受這個(gè)和平方案.Allthechemicalenergyofthefuelisnotconvertedintoheat燃料中的所有化學(xué)能并非都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能.AllgraduatesfromtheForeginLanguagesInstitutewillnotbeappointedtodotranslationwork.外語(yǔ)院校的畢業(yè)生并非人人被分配去做翻譯工作.Allthesevariouslosses,greatastheyare,donotinanywaycontradictthelawofconservationofenergy.所有這些能量耗散,盡管很大,卻都和能量守恒定律無(wú)矛盾.Allothersourcesofheatbesidesthesunwouldnotraisethetemperatureoftheeatth1/4degreeF.除了太陽(yáng)的熱源以外,所有其他熱源都不能把地球的溫度升高四分之一華氏度.Notallsoundsmadebyanimalsserveaslanguage,andwehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoveryofecholocationinbatstoseeacaseinwhichthevoiceplaysastrictlyutilitarianrole.動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音并不都起語(yǔ)言作用.只需以發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠的回聲定位這個(gè)不同尋常的事為例,我們就能知道聲音起著嚴(yán)格的功利作用.Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofiindependenceandfreedomthatownershipentails.當(dāng)代社會(huì)崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象其部分原因可以解釋為:一個(gè)人有了汽車,便可以自由行動(dòng),不依賴他人.Thetargetiswrong,foriinattackingthetests,criticsdicertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedoriincompetentuses.〔把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí),批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來(lái)自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng).Onemayaswellbeasleeptoreadforanythingbuttoimprovehismindandmorals,andregulatehisconduct.讀書如果不是為了培養(yǎng)才德和端莊品行,還不如睡大覺好.Fewthingsareimpossibleinthemselves:anditisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmenfailofsuccess.事情很少有做不成的;其所以做不成,與其說由于條件不夠,不如說由于缺乏決心.InonebroadcastAnnaRoosevelt,thewifeofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,said,"wecannotbetootiredtowinpeaceifourcivilizationistogoon."富蘭克林·羅斯福總統(tǒng)的夫人安娜·羅斯福有一次在廣播中說:"如果想使戰(zhàn)后的文明持續(xù)下去,我們付出多大的艱辛爭(zhēng)取也不過分."Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.為了搶占地鐵或公交汽車上的最后一個(gè)座位,身強(qiáng)力壯的中學(xué)生可以把老太太推開,更別提站起來(lái)給老太太讓個(gè)座了這對(duì)他們來(lái)說簡(jiǎn)直不算回事兒.他們本不應(yīng)該這樣做.UNIT8Theoiloftheworldwillhavebeenusedup,andmanwillbeusingthemoreconvenientpowerobtainedfromthesplittingoftheatom.全世界的石油將會(huì)用盡,到那時(shí)人們將使用通過原子裂變獲取的更為方便的動(dòng)力.Therearesomeradioactiveisotopeswhichareproducedartificiallybybombardmentofnucleiwithneutrons.有幾種放射性同位素是通過用中子轟擊原子核而人造出來(lái)的.Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneissubjectedtoloudcontinuousnoise.應(yīng)當(dāng)注意縮短人們?cè)趶?qiáng)噪聲環(huán)境中的停留時(shí)間.Muchhasbeensaidaboutthecomplexityofembryonicstem-cellresearch.關(guān)于胚胎干細(xì)胞研究的復(fù)雜性已經(jīng)談的很多了Goodyear,anAmerican,hadbeentryingforyearstofindawayinwhichrubbercouldbemadehard,non-stick,andyetelastic.多年來(lái),一個(gè)名叫古德伊爾的美國(guó)人一直在努力尋找一種方法把橡膠做的硬而不粘,但卻有彈性.Wearetaughtthatbusinesslettersshouldbewritteninaformalstyleratherthanapersonalone.我們學(xué)過,寫商務(wù)信件要用規(guī)范的格式,而不能像個(gè)人信件那樣隨便.Shetoldmethathermasterhaddismissedher.Noreasonhadbeengiven;noobjectionhadbeenmadetoherconduct.Shehadbeenforbiddentoappealtohermistress.她告訴我,男主人已經(jīng)雇了她.沒有對(duì)她說明任何理由,對(duì)她的行為也沒提出任何異議.而且不許她向女主人申訴.TheincreasingspeedofscientificdevelopmentwillbeobviousifoneconsidersthatTV,spacecraft,andnuclear-powerships,whicharetakenforgrantednow,wouldhaveseemedfantastictopeoplewhoselivesendedasrecentlyas1920.電視機(jī)、宇宙飛船和核動(dòng)力艦艇對(duì)今天的人們來(lái)說不是什么新鮮事物,但對(duì)于生活于20世紀(jì)20年代以前的人來(lái)說,卻似乎是不可思議的東西.考慮到這一點(diǎn),科學(xué)發(fā)展的速度之快就顯而易見了.Therustingofironisoneexampleofcorrosion,whichmaybedescribedasthedestructivechemicalattackofametalbymediawithwhichitcomesincontact,suchasmoisture,airandwater.可以認(rèn)為,腐蝕狀態(tài)是金屬接觸濕氣、空氣和水等介質(zhì)后形成的破壞性化學(xué)侵蝕,而鐵生銹只是其中的一個(gè)例子.Puresciencehasbeensubdividedintophysicalscience,whichdealswiththefactsandrelationsofthephysicalworld,andbiologicalscience,whichinvestigatesthehistoryandmakingsoflifeontheplanet.理論科學(xué)分為自然科學(xué)和生物科學(xué),前者研究自然界各種事物和相互聯(lián)系,而后者則探討地球上生物的進(jìn)化歷史和形成條件.Ithasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly.Studentsarerequestedtoremindthemnselvesoftherulesoftheborrowingandreturningofbooks,andtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents.Penaltiesforoverduebookswikkinthefuturebestrictlyenforced.近來(lái)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本館的圖書庫(kù)存正在急劇下降,此事令人關(guān)注.現(xiàn)提醒大家注意借書還書規(guī)則,別忘了其他同學(xué)也需要借閱.今后將嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行借書規(guī)則,凡逾期不還者將照章處罰.Acurrentsearchofthefilesindicatesthattheletterisnolongerinthisbureau’spossession.Itisnotedthattheletterwasreceivedtwomonthsago,andafterstudy,returnedtoyouroffice.Inviewoftheforegoing,itisregrettedthatyourofficehasnorecordofitsreceipt.Iftheletterisfound,itwouldbeappreciatedifthisbureauwasnotifiedatnoce.最近找到了卷宗,發(fā)現(xiàn)本局并無(wú)此信.根據(jù)記錄,該信于兩個(gè)月前收到,經(jīng)研讀已寄還貴處.照此看來(lái),貴處似無(wú)收信的記錄,甚為遺憾.如能查明此信,請(qǐng)即通知本局,不勝感激.Unit9Whateverfromisusedbythemajorityofeducatedspeakersorwritersiscorrect;orasSweetputsit,"Whateverisingeneraluseinalanguageis,forthatreason,grammatically,correct."大多數(shù)受過教育的人說話或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)使用的英語(yǔ)就是正確的英語(yǔ),或如斯威特所說:"凡是語(yǔ)言中廣泛使用的說法〔僅僅這一理由都可以認(rèn)為在語(yǔ)法上是正確的.HeboaststhataslaveisfreethemomenthisfeettouchBritishsoilandhesellsthechildrenofthepooratsixyearsofagetoworkunderthelashinthefactoriesforsixteenhoursaday.他吹噓說,任何奴隸一踏上英國(guó)的土地就獲得自由,而他卻出賣窮人家六歲的孩子到工廠干活,每天十六小時(shí),受盡鞭打責(zé)罵.Itisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection認(rèn)為自己的思想深?yuàn)W,不可能表達(dá)得很清楚,讓任何人都能理解,這是一種虛榮的念頭.這樣的作家當(dāng)然不會(huì)想到,問題還是出在自己腦子缺乏精確思考的能力.Itisnotthatthescaleintheonecases,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.這并不是說,使用磅秤和使用天平這兩種情況在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在什么差別,而是說與前者相比,后者是一種更精密得多的裝置,因而在計(jì)量上更準(zhǔn)確的多.Thereareseveralreasonswhyhenolongerappearstobethemagiciantheworldpresshadmadehimouttobe,anillusionwhichhefailedtodiscouragebecause,ashewouldadmithimself,hehasatendencytowardmegalomania.全世界報(bào)界曾經(jīng)把他渲染成魔術(shù)師一般的人物,他也沒有阻止人們制造這種錯(cuò)誤印象,因?yàn)樗约阂渤姓J(rèn)有一種自大狂的傾向.現(xiàn)在他也不再像是這樣一種人物了,這里有幾個(gè)原因.….butsincewhatusedtoseemtothegreatmajorityofcivilizedhumanitytheassuranceofanotherlifebeyondthegravehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeoplelesscertain,afeelingforthevalueofhumanlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.但是對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)受過教育的人過去所深信的所謂人死后另有生命,現(xiàn)今這種觀念已經(jīng)為越來(lái)越多的人所懷疑,所以人們對(duì)生命的價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)越來(lái)越深刻,其范圍也越來(lái)越廣.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya"stepup"towardwhatallAmericansarethoughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.

所有美國(guó)人受的教育是長(zhǎng)大后應(yīng)該追求金錢和權(quán)力,而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個(gè)目標(biāo)"邁進(jìn)"的工作,他為之大為解.Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvicionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦給他帶來(lái)的一種信念,認(rèn)為如果受剝削的階級(jí)奮起反抗,世界就會(huì)變得更美好.Therehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemindefensiveformation.很久以來(lái),海員中有一種迷信,認(rèn)為海豚會(huì)把快四的人推到水面把他們救起,或者在溺水人周圍形成防御隊(duì)形,保護(hù)他們不受鯊魚傷害.Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.再者,顯而易見的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān),而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如:測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公;因此,它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人,如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話,會(huì)有多大才干.Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)待人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情.Unit10Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisiter.美國(guó)人的許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣似乎令初來(lái)乍到的游客費(fèi)解.Theysawthefirstglimmeringsofthe"neweconomicorder"forwhichmanyThirdWorldcountrieshavelongbeenclamoring.他們看到了許多第三世界國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期呼吁的"經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序"的一線曙光.Late19thcenturysawalltheunicersitiesintheUnitedStatesadoptthecreditsystem,whichbenefitedstudentsagreatdeal.19世紀(jì)末,美國(guó)所有大學(xué)已實(shí)行學(xué)分制,學(xué)生們從中受益匪淺.Eachdaywemakechoicesthataffectourlivesandsometimesthelivesofothers.我們每天都要做出選擇,其選擇結(jié)果會(huì)影響自己的生活,有時(shí)也影響別人的生活.Whileatamueum,onecanfrequentlyrentasmallrecordingmachinethatwilleplaintheobjectsondisplayasyoumovethroughthemuseum.在博物館參觀的時(shí)候,常??梢宰庥靡粋€(gè)小錄音機(jī),一面參觀,一面聽有關(guān)展品的錄音解說.Thefireseasontakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge.勉強(qiáng)躲過洪水劫難的財(cái)物,又在火災(zāi)多發(fā)期被吞噬了.Incountrieswherepeopleremaininonetownorcityformostoftheirlives,thesocialcustomsarequitedifferent.有些國(guó)家的人民幾乎終生未離開過某一鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或城市,所以其社會(huì)風(fēng)俗大不相同.Infact,manyAmericanswhocouldaffordtohireacookordriverdonotemploythem.其實(shí),許多美國(guó)人都花得起錢請(qǐng)廚師,雇司機(jī),但他們不那么做.PriviteschoolsintheUShaveawiderangeofprogramsthatareofferedtomeettheneedsofcertainstudents.美國(guó)私立學(xué)校開設(shè)的課程很多,以滿足某些學(xué)生的各種需求.Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitfromsapart,thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputer.現(xiàn)在集成電路成了計(jì)算機(jī)的組成部分,使計(jì)算機(jī)的體積大大縮小,從而產(chǎn)生了新一代的袖珍式微型計(jì)算機(jī).Afewstarsareknownwhicharehardlybiggerthantheearth,butthemajorityaresolargethathundredsofthousandsofearthscouldbepackedinsideeachandleaveroomtospare;hereandtherewecomeuponagiantstarlargeenoughtocontainmillionsofmillionsofearths.人們所知道的幾個(gè)恒星并不比地球大多少,但絕大多數(shù)恒星卻非常巨大,每個(gè)星球容納成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)地球還綽綽有余.我們不時(shí)可見大得足以容納億萬(wàn)個(gè)地球的巨星.Thereisnothingmoredisappointingtoahostesswhohasgonetoalotoftroubleorexpensethantohaveherguestsointerestedintalkingpoliticsorbusinesswithherhusbandthathefailstonoticetheflavorofthecoffee,thelightnessofthecake,ortheattractivenessofthehouse,whichmaybethechiefinterestandpride.最令女主人失望的是,她花了許多心神和費(fèi)用來(lái)招待客人,可是這位客人只顧津津樂道地與她丈夫談?wù)?談生意,卻沒注意到香噴噴的咖啡,松軟的糕點(diǎn),或房間內(nèi)講究的陳設(shè),而這些卻可能是她最感興趣并最引以為榮的東西.Unit11WhenZhouEnlai'sdooropenedtheysawaslendermanofmorethanaverageheightwithgleamingeyesandafacesostrikingthatitborderedonthebeautiful.周恩來(lái)的房門打開了.他們看到了一位身材修長(zhǎng)的人,比普通人略高,目光炯炯,面貌引人注目,稱得上英俊.InexpressiblewastheastonishmentofthelittlepartywhentheyreturnedtofindthatMr.Pickwickhaddisappeared.當(dāng)這一小伙人回來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)皮克威先生不見了的時(shí)候,那驚愕之態(tài)簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法形容.WhenItrytounderstandwhatisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwpcauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.為什么如此多的美國(guó)人不能如想象中那樣幸福呢?我認(rèn)為原因有二,而兩者之間又有深淺之分.Theassertionthatitwasdifficult,ifnotimpossible,forapeopletoenjoyitsbasicrightsunlessitwasabletodeterminefreelyitspoliticalstatusandtoensurefreelyitseconomic,socialandculturaldevelopmentwasnowscarcelycontested.如果一個(gè)民族不能自由地決定其政治地位,不能自由地保證其經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化的發(fā)展,要享受其基本權(quán)利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的.這一論斷,在那時(shí)幾乎無(wú)可置疑.Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthe19thcentury,becausenowhereinnatureis

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