2024年高考英語核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（新高考專用）考點(diǎn)4 閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意 （教師版）

考點(diǎn)4閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.2021-2023年三年高考真題考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)題型段落大意閱讀理解2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)2023浙江1月高考C篇31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?段落大意2023·新高考I卷D篇32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?段落大意20222022·新高考I卷閱讀D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意2022·全國甲卷D閱讀D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意20212021年全國乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?段落大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中段落大意的考查共計(jì)6次，主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章中的某一段落，概括段落大意。概括段落大意的方法：1.利用主題句；2.沒有主題句，總結(jié)段落大意?！緜淇疾呗浴肯到y(tǒng)歸類段落大意的總結(jié)方法，尤其是主題句、同義句表達(dá)的技巧；熟練掌握閱讀技能?！久}預(yù)測】2024年閱讀理解對段落大意的考查仍然是重點(diǎn)?！?024年高考命題預(yù)測】主旨大意之段落大意考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。一篇文章有多個(gè)段落，為什么把題出在其中的某個(gè)段落？因?yàn)檫@個(gè)段落在文章中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，這些段落或引出話題或承上啟下或總結(jié)全文。命題者的意圖是明確的，他們著眼于文章中起重要作用的段落進(jìn)而設(shè)題。預(yù)測在2024高考中，段落大意題會繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)?！局髦即笠庵温浯笠饪键c(diǎn)指南】段落大意題?？紗栴}：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscusses…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?近幾年高考段落大意考查的特點(diǎn)：考查的段落一般沒有主題句，這需要考生對整段進(jìn)行歸納，找出段落的重點(diǎn)，總結(jié)段落大意。[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.()32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了兩項(xiàng)關(guān)于“群體智慧”效應(yīng)的研究。32.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame…theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.”可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的,各不相同的誤差平均在一起,相互抵消,就會產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì),獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均因誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B?！究偨Y(jié)段落大意】【2023年1月·浙江卷】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。31．段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產(chǎn)生是通過社會互動的過程，而不是計(jì)算的過程，這種互動塑造了我們頭腦中符號的內(nèi)容。賦予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會之外，存在于社會記憶、社會習(xí)俗和社會關(guān)系中。)”可知，從最后一段我們能了解到社會互動是理解符號的關(guān)鍵。故選A。規(guī)律方法：如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時(shí)作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句?！?023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】WhenIwasakid,asycamore(楓樹)grewinfrontofmyhome.Attheageof10,Iwasjusttallenoughtoreachitslowestbranchandliftmyselfintoitsembrace.Sometimestwoorthreeofmyfriendswouldjoinmeinthesycamore,orinthemapledownthestreet,orMrs.DiMarco’soldpeachtree,someofwhosestouthorizontalbranchesallowedustositshouldertoshoulder,eatingsweetfruit.Inmysmalltowntherearesomekindsoftrees,theirbranchesspreadingwide,openforbusiness.ButIhavenotyetseenaclimber.Perhapscomputergameshavereplacedtreeclimbing,ormaybetheactivitywentthewayofmonkeybars,whichcametobeviewedastooriskyandhavelargelydisappearedfromplaygrounds.Itisasadloss.Ihavealwaysbelievedthat,sincelow-hangingbranchesprovidenobenefittothetree,theymustbemeantforthechild.RobertFrostunderstoodthiswhenhewrote:WhenIseebaches(樺樹)bendtoleftandright,Acrossthelinesofstraighterdarkertrees,Iliketothinksomeboy’sbeenswingingthem.MyonlydisagreementwithFrostishisinferencethattreeclimbingisagender-specifictask.Bothboysandgirlsmakeajoyfulclimb.ThecampusoftheuniversitywhereIteachhasallsortsoftrees.Duringarecentwalk,Ifoundmyselfbendingunderthebranchofanimmensespruce(云杉).Igrabbedthething,andamomentlaterwassittingonabranch.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.Theoldsycamore,thefriends,andfinally,thereluctancetoreturntoearthwhentheparentalcalltosuppercame.IwassolostinmythoughtsthatIdidn’thearthestudentcallingtomefrombelow.HeaskedwhatIwasdoing.Ididn’twastetimeonexplanations.“Comeonup,”Isaid“Theair’sfine.”Butheonlylaughedandwavedmeoff.Hedidn’tknowwhathewasmissing.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stout”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Slim. B．Bent. C．Smooth. D．Strong.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whykidsdon’tclimbtrees.B．Whymonkeybarsaredangerous.C．Whythereisnobusinessundertrees.D．Whykidsareaddictedtocomputergames.6．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebymentioningRobert’spoem?A．Somebranchesoftreesareuseless.B．Treesareintendedforkidstoclimb.C．Treesareasourceofinspirationforpoets.D．Climbingtreesisauniquerightofboys.7．Whatdidtheauthorthinkthestudenthadmissed?A．Theexplanationstohisquestion.B．Thefreshairabovethetree.C．Thepleasureofclimbingtrees.D．Thesenseofsafetyonearth.【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了小時(shí)候爬樹的經(jīng)歷，講述了爬樹的樂趣，感嘆如今孩子們不再爬樹的損失。4．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Sometimestwoorthreeofmyfriendswouldjoinmeinthesycamore,orinthemapledownthestreet,orMrs.DiMarco’soldpeachtree,someofwhosestouthorizontalbranchesallowedustositshouldertoshoulder,eatingsweetfruit.（有時(shí)，我的兩三個(gè)朋友會和我一起去梧桐樹下，或者去街尾的楓樹下，或者去迪馬科太太的老桃樹下，那些……橫枝讓我們可以肩并肩地坐在一起，吃著香甜的水果。）”可知，這些樹干可以承受幾個(gè)孩子們坐在上面吃水果。由此推知，這些樹干應(yīng)該是粗壯的、結(jié)實(shí)的，stout與strong詞義一致。故選D項(xiàng)。5．段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inmysmalltowntherearesomekindsoftrees,theirbranchesspreadingwide,openforbusiness.ButIhavenotyetseenaclimber.Perhapscomputergameshavereplacedtreeclimbing,ormaybetheactivitywentthewayofmonkeybars,whichcametobeviewedastooriskyandhavelargelydisappearedfromplaygrounds.（在我的小鎮(zhèn)有一些種類的樹，它們的樹枝伸展得很寬，開放營業(yè)著。但我還沒有看到一個(gè)爬樹的人。也許是電腦游戲取代了爬樹，或者是這項(xiàng)活動走上了單杠的道路，單杠被認(rèn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大，已經(jīng)基本上從操場上消失了。）”可知，第二段主要描述了鎮(zhèn)上已沒有人爬樹，作者推測了這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的原因。因此，A項(xiàng)“孩子們不再爬樹的原因”符合段落大意。故選A項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ihavealwaysbelievedthat,sincelow-hangingbranchesprovidenobenefittothetree,theymustbemeantforthechild.RobertFrostunderstoodthiswhenhewrote（我一直認(rèn)為，既然低垂的樹枝對樹沒有好處，那么它們一定是給孩子的。羅伯特·弗羅斯特明白這一點(diǎn)，他這樣寫道……）”可知，作者認(rèn)為羅伯特·弗羅斯特的詩體現(xiàn)了樹是給孩子們爬著玩的這一想法。故選B項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者描述的小時(shí)候爬樹的樂趣，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“Igrabbedthething,andamomentlaterwassittingonabranch.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.Theoldsycamore,thefriends,andfinally,thereluctancetoreturntoearthwhentheparentalcalltosuppercame.（我抓住了那東西，不一會兒就坐在了一根樹干上。然后記憶如潮水般涌上心頭。老梧桐樹、朋友，最后，當(dāng)父母喊吃晚飯時(shí)對回到地面的抗拒。）”可知，作者在樹上體味到了美好的回憶，想讓學(xué)生一同體會爬樹的快樂。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生錯(cuò)過了爬樹的樂趣。故選C項(xiàng)?；A(chǔ)過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023屆廣東省部分學(xué)校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預(yù)測】Asthecostsoffuel,groceriesandhousingincreasesuddenlyaroundtheworld,scientistsarefightinginflation(通貨膨脹)atthebench.Almostallitemsneededtoconductsciencearemoreexpensivethantheywerejustayearago.Andthatmeansthatnearlyeveryresearcherisfeelingthepressure.“Nobodyisimmunetothiseconomy,”saysTolaOlorunnisola,wholeadsinnovationinthelabatAvantor,aninternationalscience-managementcompanyinPennsylvania.OlorunnisolavisitedlabsintheNetherlands,SwitzerlandandIrelandtohelpresearchersfindwaystoenlargetheirbudgets.“Scientistsarebecomingmoreconsciousofcosts,”shesays.Theincreaseinlabcostshasforcedscientiststomakesomedifficultchoices.Scientificbudgetsareprettyfixed.Iftheypaydoubleforsomething,itmeansthey’renotbuyingsomethingelse.Scientistscankeeptheirresearchprojectsmovingforward,buttoavoidoverspendingontheirbudgets,they’llprobablyneedtoadjusttheirbuyinghabitsandtakestepstomaketheirlabsmoreefficient.JulienSage,acancerresearcherandgeneticistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,estimatesthatlabsupplieshistoricallyaccountforroughly20%ofhisoverallbudget,buthesaysthatthebalanceisshifting.Withoutsignificantboostsinfundingtokeeppacewithinflation,it’suptoscientiststofindcreativewaystodiminishcosts.Oneoptionistorethinkexperimentaldesign.“Itwillprobablytakemorethandiscountsfromlab-supplycompaniestotrulyprotectscientistsfromtheimpactofrisingprices,”Sagesays.“Unlesssomethingisdoneonalargescaletoeitherstabilizecostsorincreasefunding,scienceislikelytosuffer.Ifyouhavelessmoney,you’regoingtohavefewerpeopleorbelessproductive,whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewergrants(撥款)whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewerpeople.That’sprobablyhappeningtoalotoflabsthesedays,andthequestionis:Whenisitgoingtostop?”12．ForwhatdidOlorunnisolavisitsomelabsindifferentplaces?A．Seeinghowresearchersstruggleagainstinflation.B．Provingeveryonehastofacetherisingprice.C．Learningaboutthepressureofresearchers.D．Helpingresearchersovercomeeconomicdifficulty.13．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofincreasinglabcosts. B．Theeffectsoftherisinglabcosts.C．Thetoughchoicesofresearchers. D．Thewaysofmakinglabsefficient.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”meaninparagraph4?A．Reduce. B．Calculate. C．Restore. D．Keep.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Scientistsfacemanyproblems B．ThepriceofgoodsisrisingquicklyC．Labshavetotightensuppliesbudgets D．Peopleholddifferentopinionsofprice【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．C【文章大意】本文是說明文。隨著世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的激增，實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科研人員不得不削減成本以應(yīng)對通貨膨脹。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OlorunnisolavisitedlabsintheNetherlands,SwitzerlandandIrelandtohelpresearchersfindwaystoenlargetheirbudgets.(Olorunnisola訪問了荷蘭、瑞士和愛爾蘭的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，幫助研究人員找到擴(kuò)大預(yù)算的方法)”可知，Olorunnisola訪問了荷蘭，瑞士和愛爾蘭的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，其目的是幫助科研人員克服經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。故選D。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theincreaseinlabcostshasforcedscientiststomakesomedifficultchoices.Scientificbudgetsareprettyfixed.Iftheypaydoubleforsomething,itmeansthey’renotbuyingsomethingelse.Scientistscankeeptheirresearchprojectsmovingforward,buttoavoidoverspendingontheirbudgets,they’llprobablyneedtoadjusttheirbuyinghabitsandtakestepstomaketheirlabsmoreefficient.(實(shí)驗(yàn)室成本的增加迫使科學(xué)家們做出了一些艱難的選擇?？茖W(xué)預(yù)算是相當(dāng)固定的。如果他們花雙倍的錢買東西，這意味著他們沒有買別的東西。科學(xué)家們可以繼續(xù)推進(jìn)他們的研究項(xiàng)目，但為了避免預(yù)算超支，他們可能需要調(diào)整他們的購買習(xí)慣，并采取措施提高實(shí)驗(yàn)室的效率)”可知，本段主要講述了實(shí)驗(yàn)室成本的增加給科研人員帶來的一系列問題及其影響。故選B。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Withoutsignificantboostsinfundingtokeeppacewithinflation,it’suptoscientiststofindcreativewaysto”可知，如果不大幅增加資金以跟上通貨膨脹的步伐，那么科研人員就必須找到創(chuàng)造性的方法來削減成本。故劃線詞意思是“減少”。故選A。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asthecostsoffuel,groceriesandhousingincreasesuddenlyaroundtheworld,scientistsarefightinginflation(通貨膨脹)atthebench.Almostallitemsneededtoconductsciencearemoreexpensivethantheywerejustayearago.Andthatmeansthatnearlyeveryresearcherisfeelingthepressure.(隨著燃料、食品雜貨和住房成本在世界范圍內(nèi)的突然上漲，科學(xué)家們正在板凳上與通貨膨脹作斗爭。幾乎所有進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究所需的物品都比一年前貴了。這意味著幾乎每個(gè)研究人員都感到了壓力)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了隨著世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的微增，實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科研人員不得不削減成本以應(yīng)對通貨膨脹。C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須收緊供應(yīng)預(yù)算”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。2.【2023屆廣東省部分學(xué)校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預(yù)測】BorninFrance,butraisedinSpain,linguisticsandliteratureprofessorJuanJoséCiruelaAlferezfromtheUniversityofGranadaispassionateaboutChineseliteratureandhasbeendoingsomeresearchaboutit.Withpainstakingeffort,hisSpanishtranslationofaChineseclassicwaspublishedlastyear.Ciruelasaidtranslatingthenovelwasaninterestingchallenge.Inrecentyears,manyChineseworkshavebeenintroducedtoSpain.However,asmostofthemhadbeentranslatedfirstintoEnglishandthenfromthatlanguageintoSpanish,muchoftheoriginalitywaslost.Forthisreason,whentheSpanishpublishinghouseKailascontactedCiruelatotranslateitdirectlyfromChinese,heacceptedthemissionimmediately,evenifitpresenteddifficultieslikeaheavyworkloadwithinashorttimelimit.“Iencounteredvariousdifficulties,especiallyatthebeginningofthetask,”saidCiruelainaninterview.“Thisnovel,inparticular,needsapriorreadingprocessinwhichthetranslatorgetsintotheplotandthecharacters,sinceatfirstitisdifficulttoentertheworldthatthenovelconstantlyraises.SoIreadthenovelfirstinChinese,payingattentiontoallthosedetailsandhowallofthatcouldbetranslatedinawaythattheSpanishreaderswouldunderstand.ForCiruela,themostimportantcriterionwhentranslatingisfidelity(忠誠)totheoriginaltext.Whileitistruethatonecannotalwaysbestrictlyfaithful,hebelievestranslatorsshouldnotbetoofarfromoriginaltexts.Forexample,thetranslationofculturemes(expressionsofcultureinlanguage)isquitecomplicatedduetotheculturalgapbetweenSpanishandChinese.Ciruelabelievesthatthesemustalwaysbeappropriatetothespecificfunctiontheyperformwithinthetext,ineachspecificcaseandmoment.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatlanguage”probablyreferto?A．Spanish. B．English. C．Chinese. D．French.5．WhatcausedCiruelatotranslatetheChineseclassic?A．HispassionforSpanishliterature. B．Hisdeterminationtopopularizeit.C．ThelackofitsdirecttranslationintoSpanish. D．ThelossofdiversityinSpanishtranslation.6．Whataspectofthetranslationtaskdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Itsbarrier. B．Itsprinciple. C．Itsstyle. D．Itsmeaning.7．WhatdoesCiruelathinkisthemostimportantintranslation?A．Meetingreaders’needs. B．Targetingculturalphenomena.C．Bridgingtheculturalgap. D．Beingloyaltotheoriginaltext.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章講述了JuanJoseCiruelaAlférez致力于把中國文學(xué)作品翻譯成西班牙語的故事。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Ciruelasaidtranslatingthenovelwasaninterestingchallenge.Inrecentyears,manyChineseworkshavebeenintroducedtoSpain.(Ciruela說翻譯這部小說是一個(gè)有趣的挑戰(zhàn)。近年來，許多中國作品被介紹到西班牙)”以及劃線詞上文“However,asmostofthemhadbeentranslatedfirstintoEnglishandthenfrom”可知，因?yàn)槠渲写蟛糠种鞫际窍确g成英語，然后再從英語翻譯成西班牙語，所以很多原創(chuàng)性都喪失了。因此，畫線短語指代“英語”。故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthisreason,whentheSpanishpublishinghouseKailascontactedCiruelatotranslateitdirectlyfromChinese,heacceptedthemissionimmediately,evenifitpresenteddifficultieslikeaheavyworkloadwithinashorttimelimit.(因此，當(dāng)西班牙Kailas出版社聯(lián)系Ciruela直接從中文翻譯時(shí)，他立即接受了這個(gè)任務(wù)，即使在短時(shí)間內(nèi)工作量很大等困難)”可知，因?yàn)槿鄙僦苯臃g的版本，所以Ciruela決定接受這項(xiàng)翻譯任務(wù)。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段““Iencounteredvariousdifficulties,especiallyatthebeginningofthetask,”saidCiruelainaninterview.“Thisnovel,inparticular,needsapriorreadingprocessinwhichthetranslatorgetsintotheplotandthecharacters,sinceatfirstitisdifficulttoentertheworldthatthenovelconstantlyraises.SoIreadthenovelfirstinChinese,payingattentiontoallthosedetailsandhowallofthatcouldbetranslatedinawaythattheSpanishreaderswouldunderstand.(“我遇到了各種各樣的困難，尤其是在任務(wù)開始的時(shí)候，”Ciruela在一次采訪中說。尤其是這部小說，需要一個(gè)預(yù)先的閱讀過程，譯者在這個(gè)過程中進(jìn)入情節(jié)和人物，因?yàn)橐婚_始很難進(jìn)入小說不斷提出的世界。所以我先讀了這本小說的中文版本，注意所有的細(xì)節(jié)，以及如何把這些細(xì)節(jié)翻譯成西班牙讀者能理解的方式)”可知，本段主要講述了Ciruela在翻譯過程中遇到的困難。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“ForCiruela,themostimportantcriterionwhentranslatingisfidelity(忠誠)totheoriginaltext.(對于Ciruela來說，翻譯時(shí)最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是忠實(shí)于原文)”可知，Ciruela認(rèn)為翻譯忠于原文最重要。故選D。3.【2023屆海南省?？谑懈呖寄M】AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.Commercialfishingisknowntothreatensharksandraysworldwide.Researchhasfoundthat24percentoftheaveragemonthlyspaceusedbysharksaroundtheworldfallsunderthe-footprintofdistantlonglinefisheries.Thisiswhenhookshangnearthesurfacetocatchfishliketunaandswordfish.Aquarterofsharkhabitatsarewithinactivefishingzones.Itisestimatedthatover20,000,000sharksarecaughtasbycatcheveryyear.Stingraysarealsofrequentlycaughtasbycatch.“Bycatch”referstounwantedfishandmarinecreaturescaughtbycommercialfishingequipment,andistypicallydiscarded(丟棄)overboardeitherdeadordying.SharkGuardwasdesignedbymarinescientiststoprotectsharksandraysfromfishingequipment.Itisasmallbattery-powereddevicethatcanbefastenedonthelinenexttoabaitedhookandgivesoffashortpulseeverytwoseconds.StudyfoundthatthedevicereducedthenumberofbluesharkscaughtinaFrenchlonglinetunafisheryintheMediterraneanby91percent,andstingraysby71percent.Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”28．Whatisthenewdeviceusedtodo?A．Stopsharksbeingcaught. B．Reducethenumberofsharks.C．Confirmascientificguess. D．Preventcommercialhunting.29．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theplacesfishinghookshang. B．Therangeofcommercialfishing.C．Thebenefitsofprotectingsharks. D．Theharmofcommercialfishing.30．WhatdoesPhilDohertythinkofthedevice?A．Itispromising. B．Itisineffective.C．Itneedsimproving. D．Itisperfectlydesigned.31．Whatisthetext?A．Adiaryentry. B．Anewsreport.C．Afantasystory. D．Abookreview.【答案】28．A29．D30．C31．B【文章大意】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹一種名為SharkGuard的新設(shè)備正在試驗(yàn)中，它能發(fā)出脈沖來防止鯊魚和鰩魚上鉤。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.(一種名為“鯊魚衛(wèi)士”的新設(shè)備正在試驗(yàn)中，它可以發(fā)出脈沖來保護(hù)鯊魚和鰩魚免受魚鉤的傷害。迄今為止的數(shù)據(jù)表明，它在減少商業(yè)捕魚設(shè)備捕獲的鯊魚和黃貂魚數(shù)量方面非常有效)”和第四段“SharkGuardwasdesignedbymarinescientiststoprotectsharksandraysfromfishingequipment.Itisasmallbattery-powereddevicethatcanbefastenedonthelinenexttoabaitedhookandgivesoffashortpulseeverytwoseconds.(鯊魚衛(wèi)士是由海洋科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的，目的是保護(hù)鯊魚和鰩魚免受捕魚設(shè)備的傷害。這是一種由電池供電的小型設(shè)備，可以固定在誘餌鉤旁邊的繩子上，每兩秒鐘發(fā)出一次短脈沖)”可知，SharkGuard是由海洋科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的，用來防止鯊魚和鰩魚進(jìn)入捕魚設(shè)備。故選A。29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Commercialfishingisknowntothreatensharksandraysworldwide.(眾所周知，商業(yè)捕魚威脅著全世界的鯊魚和鰩魚)”及該段下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了商業(yè)捕撈對于鯊魚造成的危害。故選D。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”(這些都是有希望的數(shù)字，盡管該研究的主要作者PhilDoherty博士表示，SharkGuard應(yīng)該“根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，以確保其符合目的。”)”可知，菲爾·多爾蒂博士認(rèn)為該裝置需要改進(jìn)。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.(一種名為“鯊魚衛(wèi)士”的新設(shè)備正在試驗(yàn)中，它可以發(fā)出脈沖來保護(hù)鯊魚和鰩魚免受魚鉤的傷害。迄今為止的數(shù)據(jù)表明，它在減少商業(yè)捕魚設(shè)備捕獲的鯊魚和黃貂魚數(shù)量方面非常有效)”和最后一段“StudyfoundthatthedevicereducedthenumberofbluesharkscaughtinaFrenchlonglinetunafisheryintheMediterraneanby91percent,andstingraysby71percent.Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該裝置使地中海法國延繩金槍魚漁場捕獲的藍(lán)鯊數(shù)量減少了91%，黃貂魚數(shù)量減少了71%。這些都是有希望的數(shù)字，盡管該研究的主要作者PhilDoherty博士表示，SharkGuard應(yīng)該“根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，以確保其符合目的。”)”可知，本文介紹最新研究結(jié)果，由此推知本文屬于新聞報(bào)道。故選B。4.【2023屆海南省海南中學(xué)、?？谝恢小⑽膮沃袑W(xué)、嘉積中學(xué)高三4月聯(lián)考】EverytimeIstareattherowsofjarsfilledwithmyparents’homemadetomatosauce,Iwonder:“ShouldIreallyuseone?”Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindalternatives,nothingcompares.Store-boughtsauce?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.EvenifItrytorecreateit,itwillnevertastethesame.Whilegrowingup,Ihatedthetomatoseason.MyparentswouldusethebasementtoripenthetomatoestheyhadcollectedlocallyinSeptember.LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.Havingbeenstewed(燉),wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachinetoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Thejarswouldbehotforafewdays,sealedtokeeptheirownheat.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.Thistraditionwashardtocarryonwhenmyfathergotill.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithcancerin2019,hespentmostofhistimeinhospital.InSeptemberthatyearhecamehome,andontheweekendwedecidedtocontinuethetradition.Ihavegloriousmemoriesofthatdayasweonceagainmadethesauce.Itwasabeautifulbutshort-livedmoment.Myfatherdiedsoonafter.Ican’tkeepthesejarsforever.Butitdoesn’tmakeitanyeasiertoopenone.EverytimeIgotoreachforone,somethingstopsme.Mymother,everpractical,isvisitingusrecentlyandjuststaresatthem.“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.”Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera.Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionsintolife.4．Whatstopstheauthorfromusingthetomatosauce?A．Ithasgonebad. B．Hedoesn’tliketomatosauceC．Hevaluesittoomuch. D．Hekeepsitforfutureuse.5．WhatdoPara.3andPara.4mainlytalkabout?A．Thetomatoharvest. B．Thehomemademachine.C．Thefruitfultomatoseason. D．Themakingoftomatosauce.6．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydonext?A．Openonejar. B．Keepthejars.C．Collecttomatoes. D．Maketomatosauce7．Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheauthor?A．Practical. B．Faithful. C．Affectionate. D．Sensitive.【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者家庭每年自制番茄醬的傳統(tǒng)在父親去世后就很難繼續(xù)保持了，作者意識到是時(shí)候給生活引入新的傳統(tǒng)了。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.(我一直把這些罐子當(dāng)作珍貴的寶貝保管著。)”可知，阻止作者使用番茄醬的是作者太看重它了。故選C。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.(和這個(gè)地區(qū)的其他意大利家庭一樣，我們會在它們成熟的時(shí)候把它們送到車庫。在那里他們被清洗和煮。)”和第四段的“Havingbeenstewed(燉)，wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachinetoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Thejarswouldbehotforafewdays,sealedtokeeptheirownheat.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.(燉好之后，整個(gè)番茄經(jīng)過父親自制的機(jī)器，把醬汁和外皮分開。罐子準(zhǔn)備好了，我們往里面裝滿了醬汁和調(diào)料。罐子會熱幾天，密封以保持自身的熱量。然后將它們排列好，準(zhǔn)備使用。)”可知，第3段和第4段主要講的是番茄醬的制作，故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.(你應(yīng)該用這些，否則就浪費(fèi)了。)”和最后一段的“Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera.Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionsintolife.(用完最后一罐會是什么感覺？這將意味著一個(gè)時(shí)代的終結(jié)。誰知道呢？也許是時(shí)候把新的傳統(tǒng)引入生活了。)”可知，作者接下來最有可能做的是打開一個(gè)罐子。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindalternatives,nothingcompares.(我一直把這些罐子當(dāng)作珍貴的寶貝保管著。無