英語考研閱讀每天一篇現(xiàn)在

文章梗概：一直以來，第六感也被稱為超感知覺、蜘蛛感應(yīng)，也就是預(yù)

知未來事物的能力。但現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家已證實(shí)人類確實(shí)有第六感，正是這第

六感讓人類能夠感應(yīng)到磁場。試驗(yàn)表明，人類可能像其他動(dòng)物一樣擁有

能夠感知地球磁場的先天感應(yīng)力，而動(dòng)物的這一感應(yīng)力在很久以前就被

證實(shí)了。

HumansreallyDOhaveasixthsense

(nytimes)

IthaslongbeenknownasESP,SpiderSense,ortheabilitytosee

thingsbeforetheyhappen.

ESPn.超感知覺

Butnowscientistshaveprovedthathumansreallydohaveasixth

sense-thatletsthemdetectmagneticfields.Testshaveshownthat

mankindmayhavethesameinnatesenseofEarth'smagneticfield

thathaslongbeenprovedtoexistinanimals.

innatea.品質(zhì)、感情等天生的

Byputtingaproteinfromthehumanretinaintofruitflies,researchers

noticedthattheinsectmodifieditsflightpathjustasifitseyehadnot

beenaltered.

retinan.視網(wǎng)膜

Thissuggeststhatthe'sixthsense'doesexistinhumansbutwemight

notbeawareofit.

Animalsusesuchsighttonavigatelongdistancesduringmigrationor,

inthecaseofbirds,to'see'wheretheyaregoing.

navigatevt.確定...的位置和方向

Thecomplextestsinvolvedexaminingtheprocessbywhichlight

goesthroughabird'seye,whichhasintriguedthescientificcommunity

formorethan30years.

intriguevt.引發(fā)...的好奇心

Inthelate1970s,thephysicistKlausSchultenconcludedthatbirds

navigatebyrelyingongeomagneticallysensitivebiochemical

reactionsintheireyes.

Testshaveshownthatthespecialcellsintheeyecarryoutthis

functionusingtheproteincryptochrome.ProfessorRepperfsteam

usedwildfruitfliesandreplacedtheirversionofcryptochromewith

thehumanequivalentthenputtheminamazewitheachwing

wrappedinametalcoil.

mazen.迷宮

coiln.圈，卷，盤

Theythensentacurrentthroughitsothatthecoilwasmagnetisedin

awaywhichmimickedEarth'selectromagneticfield.

Thefliesrespondedinexactlythesamewayasiftheyhadtheirown

cryptochrome,byeitheravoidingthemagneticfieldsormoving

towardsthemiftheresearchershadplacedsugarnearby.Thenew

studywaspublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications

相關(guān)報(bào)道：在南海局勢(shì)漸趨緊張之際，菲律賓依然不停止挑釁。據(jù)外媒

報(bào)道，菲律賓外交部22日對(duì)于新加坡日前關(guān)于南海的言論表示歡迎，并

提出如果菲軍在南沙群島遭遇襲擊，那么美應(yīng)采取行動(dòng)提供保護(hù)。外媒

稱，中國外交部副部長崔天凱22口明確表態(tài)，要美國停止插手南海問題,

并稱這是幾周來中方對(duì)美國最為直接的警告。

BeijingWarnsU.S.AboutSouthChinaSeaDisputes

（）

BEIJING一TheChineseviceforeignministerwarnedtheUnited

StatesonWednesdaytostayoutoftheincreasinglytenseterritorial

disputesandmaritimeconflictsintheSouthChinaSea,whichhas

someofthebusiestshippinglanesintheworldandisbelievedtobe

richinoilandnaturalgasreserves.

increasinglyad.漸增地

tensea.（局勢(shì)）緊張的

territoriala.領(lǐng)土的（territorialdispute領(lǐng)土紛爭）

maritimea.海上的

shippinglane大洋航線

AllorpartsoftheseaareclaimedbyBrunei,China,Malaysia,the

Philippines,TaiwanandVietnam.ChinaandVietnamarethemost

vocalintheirclaims,andhavebeeninvolvedindiplomaticdisputesin

recentyearsinvolvingfishingvesselsandmaritimesurveillanceboats.

Butthisyearhasbeenmoretensethanusual.Vietnameseofficials

accusedChinesevesselsofcuttingcablestooilexplorationshipsin

MayandJune;Chineseofficialshavedeniedsomeofthose

accusationsandhavewarnedVietnamandothernationsthatonly

jointoilexplorationisacceptable.

vocala.直言不諱的

diplomatica.外交的

vesseln.船

surveillancen.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)督

StandoffshavealsotakenplacethisyearbetweenChineseand

Philippinevessels.InMarch,twoChinesemaritimesurveillanceships

orderedaPhilippinesurveyshipawayfromanareacalledReedBank.

ThePhilippineslatersentinmilitaryaircraft.

standoffn.僵持局面

surveyship海洋測量船

SecretaryofStateHillaryRodhamClintonsaidlastyearthatthe

UnitedStateshada"nationalinterest"intheSouthChinaSeaand

couldfacilitatetalks,worryingChinathatitwasgoingtostepintothe

territorialrivalry.

facilitatevt.促使

rivalryn.敵對(duì)，對(duì)抗

“RegardingtheroleoftheUnitedStatesinthis,theUnitedStatesis

notaclaimantstatetothedispute,“theviceforeignminister,Cui

Tiankai,toldreportersonWednesday.4tSoitisbetterfortheUnited

Statestoleavethedisputetobesortedoutbetweentheclaimant

states."

claimantn.（根據(jù)權(quán)利）提出要求者，原告

Mr.Cuiadded,“Ibelievetheindividualcountriesareactuallyplaying

withfire,andIhopethefirewillnotbedrawntotheUnitedStates/5

HewasspeakingattheForeignMinistryaheadofaweekendmeeting

inHawaiibetweenseniorChineseandAmericanofficialsthathas

beencalledtodiscussissuesintheAsia-Pacificregion.Themeeting,

whichthetwosidessayisafirstroundofconsultations,wassetup

afterPresidentHuJintaovisitedWashingtoninJanuary.Themeeting

willbeledbyKurtM.Campbell,anAmericanassistantsecretaryof

state,andMr.Cui.

consultationn.商議

TheSouthChinaSeaisnotofficiallyontheagenda,buttheissuewill

almostcertainlycomeup.TheUnitedStateshasnottakenasidein

theterritorialdisputes,buthasurgednationstoresolvethem

peacefully.Chinainsiststhatitw川talktothecountriesona

bilateralbasisandthatitwillnotnegotiatewithclaimantsina

multilateralmanner,whichthosecountrieswouldprefer.

takeaside偏袒，擁護(hù)

bilaterala.雙方的，雙邊的

“SomeAmericanfriendsmaywanttheUnitedStatestohelpmatters,"

Mr.Cuisaid."Weappreciatethatgesture,butmoreoftenthannot,

suchgestureswillonlymakethingsmorecomplicated.

Headdedthat“iftheUnitedStatesdoeswanttoplayarole,itmay

counselrestrainttothosecountrieswho'vebeenfrequentlytaking

provocativeaction,andtoaskthemtobemoreresponsibleintheir

behavior.”

counselv.提議

restraintn.約束措施

provocativea.挑撥的

Ingivinghiswarning,Mr.Cuihintedthatanti-Americanfervorcould

bebrewing.liTobehonestwithyou,theChinesepublicisfollowing

verycloselywhethertheUnitedStateswilladoptajustandobjective

positiononmatterslikethese,“hesaid.

brewv.醞釀

justa.公平的

OfficialsinthePhilippinessaidWednesdaythattheUnitedStateswas

obligatedbya1951treatytohelpdefendPhilippineinterestsifships

cameunderattackintheSouthChinaSea,TheAssociatedPress

reported.

obligateda.有義務(wù)的，有責(zé)任的

treatyn.條約

Atthebriefing,Mr.CuialsotalkedaboutNorthKorea,whichis

officiallycalledtheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea,anissue

ofgreatconcerntobothChineseandAmericanofficials.TheUnited

StateshasbeenpressingChinatodomoretocontrolNorthKorea's

leader,KimJong-il,afrequentvisitortoChina.

“Fromwhatwe'veseenandheard,whattheD.P.R.K.leadersand

delegationmembershaveseeninChinahashadanimpactontheir

thinking,MMr.Cuisaid."Theyarenowconsideringwhetherthere

needtobesomeinitiativesonthefrontofeconomicreformand

opening.^^

Headded:“Weshouldencourageandsupportsuchatrend.Of

course,itwilltakesomemoretimefortheretobeafundamental

improvementintheD.P.R.K.economy.Sowealsoneedtohave

patience.Wecannotexpectthingstochangeovernightsimply

becausethereisanincreasedinterestineconomicdevelopment."

文章梗概：FDA在其官網(wǎng)上宣布，從明年10月22日開始，以奧馳亞

(AMa)(MO)為首的美國煙業(yè)公司必須在美國市場銷售的香煙外包裝上

大幅印上包括尸體、長有癌癥腫瘤的肺等9幅警示圖片之一。這是美國

四分之一世紀(jì)以來煙業(yè)營銷規(guī)則最重大變革計(jì)劃的一個(gè)組成部分。FDA

指出，9幅具有視覺沖擊力的圖片還包括因吸煙被嚴(yán)重腐蝕的牙齒，以

及一名男子通過頸部打出的一個(gè)洞吐出煙氣的圖片。去年，F(xiàn)DA從初選

的36張圖片中挑出了最終的9張圖片。然而有的人卻不這么認(rèn)為。雷諾

和Lorillard在向美國第六巡回上訴法院提交的訴狀中指出，政府剝奪香

煙外包裝50%的使用面積和強(qiáng)制印刷極具沖擊力的彩色警示圖片違反

美國憲法。

U.S.ReleasesGraphicImagestoDeterSmokers

(nytimes)

graphica.生動(dòng)的

detern.制止

FederalhealthofficialsreleasedonTuesdaytheirfinalselectionof

ninegraphicwarninglabelstocoverthetophalfofcigarettepackages

beginningnextyear,overtheoppositionoftobaccomanufacturers.In

thefirstmajorchangetowarninglabelsinmorethanaquarter-century,

thegraphicimageswillincludephotosofhorriblydamagedteethand

lungsandamanexhalingsmokethroughatracheotomyopeningin

hisneck.TheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesselected

ninecolorimagesamong36proposedtoaccompanylargertext

warnings.

exhalevt.吐出

tracheotomyn.氣管切開術(shù)

Healthadvocacygroupspraisedthegovernmentplaninthehopethat

imageswouldshockanddeternewsmokersandmotivateexisting

smokerstoquit.Theimagesaretocovertheupperhalfofthefront

andbackofcigarettepackagesproducedafterSeptember2012,as

wellas20percentofthespaceincigaretteadvertisements.

advocacyn.擁護(hù)

“Theselabelsarefrank,honestandpowerfuldepictionsofthehealth

risksofsmoking,andtheywillhelpencouragesmokerstoquit,and

preventchildrenfromsmoking/KathleenSebelius,thesecretaryof

healthandhumanservices,saidTuesdayinastatement.

franka.坦白的

Thefourleadingtobaccocompanieswereallthreateninglegalaction,

sayingtheimageswouldunfairlyhurttheirpropertyandfree-speech

rightsbyobscuringtheirbrandnamesinretaildisplays,demonizingthe

companiesandstigmatizingsmokers.

obscurevt.掩蓋

demonizevt.使魔鬼化

stigmatizevt.使受到恥辱

ThegovernmentwononecaselastyearinafederalcourtinKentucky

onitsoverallabilitytorequirelargerwarninglabelswithimages;the

specificimagesreleasedTuesdayarelikelytostirfurtherlegalaction.

TheKentuckycaseisbeforetheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsforthe

SixthCircuit.

Thenewlabelswererequiredunderlandmarkantismokinglegislation

givingtheFoodandDrugAdministrationpowertoregulate,butnot

ban,tobaccoproducts.TheFamilySmokingPreventionandTobacco

ControlActrequiredF.D.A.actiononthegraphicwarninglabelsby

Wednesday,twoyearsafterPresidentObamasigneditintoIaw.The

UnitedStateswasthefirstnationtorequireahealthwarningon

cigarettepackages45yearsago.Sincethen,atleast39othernations,

includingCanadaandmanyinEurope,haveimposedmore

eye-catchingwarnings,includinggraphicphotos.

imposevt.采用

eye-catchinga.令人奪目的

“ThisisacriticalmomentfortheUnitedStatestomoveforwardinthis

area,"theF.D.A.commissioner,Dr.MargaretA.Hamburg,saidinan

interview.uThetrendsinsmokingreallysupporttheneedformore

actionnow.Forfourdecades,therewasasteadydeclineinsmoking,

butfivetosevenyearsagoweleveledoffataboutthe20percentlevel

ofadultandyouthsmokinginthiscountry.^^

leveloff使平穩(wěn)；使穩(wěn)定

Dr.LawrenceR.Deyton,directoroftheF.D.A/sCenterforTobacco

Products,saidthegovernmentestimates,basedonothercountries,

experience,thatthenewwarninglabelswillpromptanadditional

213,000Americanstoquitsmokingin2013,thefirstfullyearwiththe

graphiclabels.

promptvt.推動(dòng)

“Wearepleasedwiththeimagestheypicked,saidNancyBrown,

chiefexecutiveoftheAmericanHeartAssociation/Theystrongly

depicttheadverseconsequencesofsmoking.Theywillgetpeople's

attention.Andtheywillcertainlybemuchmorememorablethanthe

currentwarninglabels.”

adversea.有害的

GregoryN.Connolly,aprofessorandtobaccoexpertattheHarvard

SchoolofPublicHealth,alsopraisedthestrengthofthewarnings,but

saidtheF.D.A.neededtotaketougheractionagainstcigarettes.

“What'sonthepackisimportant,butifyoureallywanttocutsmoking

rates,you'vegottogetinsidethepackanddealwithingredientslike

mentholandnicotine,5,hesaid.

mentholn.薄荷醇

ThenineimageschosenintheUnitedStatesincludesomethatare

amongthemostgraphicofthe36draftimages.Buttheyalsoinclude

someofthelessvivid,includingacartoondepictionofababyrather

thanaphotointhedraftsetthatshowedamotherblowingsmokeata

baby.Theimages,whicharetoappearoncigarettepacksona

rotatingbasis,alsoincludeoneofamanproudlywearingaT-shirtthat

says:TQUIT/5

rotatinga.旋轉(zhuǎn)的

Allofthepackswillalsodisplayatoll-freetelephonenumberfor

smokingcessationservices.

toll-freen.收付

cessationn.中斷

TheF.D.A.hasalreadyproposedninetextwarningstobepairedwith

theimages,including:"Warning:Cigarettescausecancer”and

"Warning:Quittingsmokingnowgreatlyreducesseriousriskstoyour

health.^^

Thegovernmentsurveyed18,000Americansofallagestodetermine

whichofthe36proposedlabelswouldbemosteffectivetodeter

smoking.TheF.D.A.canrevisetheselectionofimagesinthefuture.

AfewsmokerssurveyedonNewYorksidewalkswereunswayedby

theimages.KharitonPopilevsky,46,apawnbroker,shruggedandsaid:

“Tellingmethingswealreadyknow.THstillbesmoking.^^

unswayvt.沒受到影響

pawnbrokern.當(dāng)鋪老板

shruggvt.聳肩

HayleySapp,28,aparalegal,said:"Therearelotsofotherhighrisks

outthere,youknow.Obesityishuge.”

paralegaln.律師助手

obesityn.肥胖

SaifulIslam,34,aconveniencestoreclerk,saidhigherpriceswould

cutsalesalotmorethantheimagesoncigarettepacks.

AsubmissiontotheF.D.A.byR.J.Reynolds,Lorillardand

CommonwealthBrands,thesecond,thirdandfourthlargestUnited

Statescigarettemakers,saidthe"nonfactualandcontroversial

images^^were"intendedtoelicitloathing,disgustandrepulsion^^about

alegalproduct.

nonfactuala.非事實(shí)的

elicitvt引出

loathingn.厭惡

ThosecompaniesandothersfiledsuitinKentuckyinAugust2009

overprovisionsofthelaw.JudgeJosephH.McKinleyJr.ofFederal

DistrictCourtinBowlingGreen,Ky.,ruledthatthecompaniescould

beforcedtoputgraphicwarninglabelsonthepackagesbutsaidthey

couldnotbeforcedtolimitmarketingmaterialstoblacktextona

whitebackground,sayingthatwastoobroadanintrusionon

commercialfreespeech.

provisionsn.規(guī)定的條款

GreggPerry,aspokesmanforLorillardTobacco,saidonTuesdaythat

thecompanywasreviewingthegraphicsandwouldnotcommentat

thistime.AspokeswomanforR.J.Reynoldsrepeateditsearlier

oppositiontothegraphiclabels.TheAltriaGroup,thelargesttobacco

companyintheUnitedStates,saiditwouldnotcomment.Altria,the

parentcompanyofPhilipMorris,theonlymajortobaccocompanyto

supporttheoverallF.D.A.Iegislation,saidinaletterthisyearthatthe

graphicwarningprovisionwasanunconstitutionalpartofthe

law“addedinalast-minuteamendment.”

unconstitutionala.違反憲法的

TherateofsmokinginAmericahasbeencutroughlyinhalf,toabout

19percent,from42percentin1965.Smokingremainstheleading

causeofpreventabledeath,killing443,000Americansayear,

accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Each

day,thegovernmentsays,anestimated4,000youthstrytheirfirst

cigarette,and1,000adaybecomeregularsmokers.

文章梗概：食品是否安全，和人們的身體健康息息相關(guān)。但是由于涉及

到的環(huán)節(jié)多，食品鏈較長，執(zhí)行起來并不容易。食品監(jiān)管部門在召回被

污染食品的行動(dòng)中，太過緩慢。在處理污染食品的工作中，程序不透

明……美國聯(lián)邦食品和醫(yī)藥管理局呼吁和食品出口國的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)合作

來確保食品安全，同時(shí)雇傭承包商來監(jiān)督食品安全……更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容

請(qǐng)閱讀以下文章……

RecallsofImportedFoodsAreFlawed,aGovernmentAuditReports

(nytimes)

recalln.收回(殘次貨品等)

importeda.進(jìn)口的

flaweda.有漏洞的，有缺陷的

governmentaudit【經(jīng)】政府審計(jì)

Governmentfoodofficialsareoftensloppyandinattentiveintheir

effortstoensurethatcontaminatedfoodsfromabroadarewithdrawn

promptlyandcompletelyfromthenation'sfoodsupply,accordingto

governmentinvestigators.

sloppya.草率的

inattentivea.疏忽的

contaminateda.被污染的

withdrawv.召回

promptlyad.迅速地

Inanauditof17recalls,investigatorsfoundthattheFoodandDrug

Administrationoftenfailedtofollowitsownrulesin

removingdangerousimportedfoodsfromthemarket,accordingto

DanielR.Levinson,inspectorgeneraloftheDepartmentofHealthand

HumanServices.Theproductsincludedcantaloupesfrom

Hondurascontaminatedwithsalmonella,frozenmusselmeatfromNew

ZealandinfectedwithlisteriaandfrozenfishfromKoreathatcontained

thebacteriumthatcausesbotulism.

removevt.這里指撤銷

cantaloupen.甜瓜

Honduras洪都拉斯（拉丁美洲國家）

salmonellan.沙門氏菌

musseln.蚌類

listerian.利斯塔氏菌

botulismn.肉毒桿菌中毒

Inonecase,morethanthreemonthspassedfromthetimetheF.D.A.

becameawareofthecontaminationtothetimearecallwasinitiated.

Inanothercase,thelagwasnearlyamonth.In13ofthe17cases,

thecompaniesthatsuppliedthetaintedgoodsfailedtoprovide

accurateorcompleteinformationtotheircustomerssothatthe

productscouldbewithdrawncompletely,theauditfound.

initiatevt開始著手做...

lagn.時(shí)間間隔

tainteda.被污染的

Inaresponsetotheaudit,DavidDorsey,theF.D.A/sactingdeputy

commissionerforpolicy,planningandbudget,saidthatthelandmark

foodsafetylawsignedinJanuarybyPresidentObamawouldfix

someoftheseproblems.Forinstance,thelawforthefirsttimegave

theF.D.A.theauthoritytoordercompaniestowithdrawfoods

suspectedofbeingcontaminated.Untilthisyear,theF.D.A.couldonly

askmanufacturerstowithdrawsuspectfoods.

deputycommissioner副稅務(wù)長

landmarka.具有重大意義的

TheF.D.A.isstudyingotherwaystoimprovefoodrecalls,andone

possiblesolutionwouldbetohirecontractorstodothework,Mr.

Dorseywrote.

contractorn.承包商

FromJuly1,2007,throughJune30,2008,theF.D.A.oversaw40

recallsofimportedfoodsthatweresocontaminatedthattheagency

deemedthemtobeanimminentthreat.Auditorsexamined17ofthese

recalls,whichincludedsevenforsalmonella,fiveforlisteria,fourfor

Clostridiumbotulinumandoneforhighleadlevels.

overseevt.監(jiān)督

deemvt.認(rèn)為

imminenta.這里指潛在的

Clostridiumbotulinum肉毒芽抱梭菌

Theinvestigationfoundthatthegovernmenthadnotfollowedup

withanyvigortoensurethatcontaminatedfoodimportswerewithdrawn

fromthefoodchaincompletely.In14ofthe17cases,theF.D.A.failed

toconductinspectionsorobtaincompleteinformationaboutthe

contaminatedproducts.Infiveofthecases,theF.D.A.

neverconductedanaudittomakesuretherecallshadbeen

conductedatall.In12ofthecases,theagency'sauditoftherecalls

wasbelatedandincomplete.Andin13ofthe17recalls,theagency

neverwitnessedthedisposalofthecontaminatedfoodsorobtained

therequireddocumentationtoshowthattheproductshadbeen

thrownout.

followupwith采取進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)

vigorn.法律效力

belatea.姍姍來遲的

disposaln.處理

documentationn.被污染食品的處理記錄

thrownout這里指被處理掉

AuditsoftheF.D.A/soversightofthenation'sfoodsystemroutinely

findtheagency'seffortswanting,inpart,theagencysays,becauseits

budgetforsuchactivitieshaslongbeeninadequate.Andalthoughthe

newfoodsafetyIawgavetheagencyextrasupervisorypowers,itis

notclearhowmuchitwillbeabletodo,giventhatHouseRepublicans

haveproposedcuttingitsbudgetforprotectivemeasures.

oversightn.監(jiān)管

wantingn.不足

inpart在某種程度上

inadequatea.不充足的

OnMonday,theF.D.A.releasedareportsuggestingwaystocope

withanincreasingfloodofimportedfoods,drugsandmedicaldevices.

ThereportrecommendedthattheF.D.A.cooperatewithregulatorsin

othercountriestoensuresafety.

regulatorn.監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)

文章梗概：為了避免厄運(yùn)你能迷信到何種程度？不在梯子下面行走？佩

戴幸運(yùn)咒語？還是在重大會(huì)議或體育盛事之前搞些特殊儀式？不管你

做了上述事情中的哪一種，請(qǐng)驕傲地抬高頭，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T正日漸發(fā)現(xiàn),

迷信并非毫無意義。你可以(或者不可以)做些事情來影響預(yù)期結(jié)果，

這種信仰能讓你成為會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)生物中的精英。

SuperstitionsHaveEvolutionaryBasis

(globaltimes)

superstitionn.迷信

evolutionarya.進(jìn)化的

Howfarwillyougotoavoidbadluck?Doyouavoidwalkingunder

ladders,carryluckycharms,orperhapsinsteadperformspecial

ritualsbeforeimportantmeetingsorsportingevents?

howfar這里表示做某件事的程度

charmn.咒語

ritualn.特殊的儀式

Ifyoudoanyofthosethings,holdyourheaduphighandbeproud,

becauseresearchersarefindingevidencethatsuperstitionsmaynot

beaspointlessatall.Byadoptingabeliefthatyoucan-orcannot-do

somethingtoaffectadesiredoutcome,you'reamongthecadreof

beingsthatlearn.

pointlessa.無意義的

cadren.核心

Superstitionisanevolutionarysurprise-itmakesnosensefor

organismstobelieveaspecificactioninfluencesthefuturewhenit

can't.Yetsuperstitiousbehaviorcanberecognizedinmanyanimals,

notjusthumans.

Superstitionsarenotfree-thereareritualsandavoidancescost.The

questionbecomeshowcannaturalselectioncreate,orsimplyallowfor,

suchinappropriatebehavior?

avoidance爪回避

inappropriatea.不合理的

"Fromanevolutionaryperspective,superstitionsseemmaladaptive,"

saidKevinAbbott,biologistatCarletonllniversityinOttawaand

co-authorofarecentstudypublishedinAnimalBehavior.

maladaptivea.不適應(yīng)的

Thestudysuggestsmultiplereasonsforsuchanomaliestoexist:

perhapssuperstitionisadaptiveasaplacebo,orforsocialbonding.Or

maybeitreallyismaladaptivenow,butis"theoutcomeoftraitsthat

wereadaptiveinancestralenvironment,"saidAbbott.

anomalyn.異?，F(xiàn)象

placebon.安慰

ancestrala.祖先的

文章梗概：社交網(wǎng)站老大哥facebook推出了可自動(dòng)識(shí)別身份、在上傳

的網(wǎng)絡(luò)照片中“標(biāo)記”人物的新技術(shù)，其主要目的在于加速在網(wǎng)站照片標(biāo)

記好友的進(jìn)程。這項(xiàng)“人肉搜索”技術(shù)一經(jīng)推出就引起了隱私活動(dòng)家的憂

慮，雙方卷入了隱私爭議的漩渦……更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)閱讀以下文章……

Facebooknowknowswhatyoulooklike

(globaltimes)

Facebooknowknowswhatyoulooklike.Facebookisatthecentreof

anotherprivacyrowafterbringinginfacialrecognitiontechnologyto

automaticallyidentifyusersinpictures.

rown.爭執(zhí)

facialrecognitiontechnologyn.人臉識(shí)另ij技術(shù)

automaticallyad.自動(dòng)地

Theworld'sleadingsocialnetworkhasbegunrollingoutnew

technologythatautomaticallyidentifiesand'tags'peopleinphotos

uploadedtothewebsite.

rollout這里指推出

tagvt.做標(biāo)記

uploadv.上傳

Facebook's'TagSuggestions'featureisdesignedtospeedupthe

processoflabelingfriendsinphotospostedonFacebook.lfafriend

'tags'youinonephoto,thetechnologywillautomaticallyscanyour

faceandthenfindmatchesamongalltheirpictures.

tagsuggestion標(biāo)記建議

postvi.張貼

matchn.文中指相匹配的照片

Thesuddenimplementationofthefeature,withoutwarning,has

sparkedconcemsamongprivacycampaigners.DanielHamilton,

directorofprivacycampaigngroupBigBrotherWatch,said:

'Facebookuserswillrightlybealarmedtohearthattheirprivate

informationwillbeusedinthisway.

implementationn.執(zhí)行

sparkvt.導(dǎo)致

campaignern.活動(dòng)家

rightlyad.肯定無疑地

文章梗概：周三Johnson&Johnson公司在發(fā)布會(huì)上宣布停止制造藥物

涂層心臟支架。這意味著公司要放棄40億的市場，消減900到1000個(gè)工

作崗位。不過這項(xiàng)舉措是受到眾人支持的，因?yàn)榭偣竞妥庸镜氖袌?/p>

份額不斷的減少，影響了公司的正常發(fā)展。執(zhí)行完這項(xiàng)舉措后，不僅有

利于其他競爭對(duì)手的發(fā)展而且也讓公司利用其資源條件往其他的醫(yī)學(xué)

產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域發(fā)展……更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)閱讀以下文章……

Johnson&JohnsontoEndLineofDrug-CoatedHeartStents

(nytimes)

drug-coatedheartstents藥物涂層心臟支架

stentn.【醫(yī)學(xué)】移植片固定模

Johnson&JohnsonannouncedonWednesdaythatitwouldstop

manufacturingdrug-coatedheartstentsbytheendoftheyear,

abandoninganintenselycompetitive$4billionmarketafteraseriesof

setbacksforthecompanyandrisingconcernsabouttheuseofstents

insomepatients.

intenselyad.極度地

Thecompanyisexpectingtotakea$500millionto$600million

restructuringchargethisquarterandtotrim900to1,000jobsthisyear.

restructurevt.重新組建

trimvt.消減

TheannouncementbythecompanyanditssubsidiaryCordis,long

expectedbysomeanalystsbecauseofadwindlingmarketshare,

opensupmoresalespossibilitiesforthreecompetitors.

subsidiaryn.子公司

dwindinga.逐漸消減的

marketshare市場份額

Theuseofheartstentsisbeingchallengedasunnecessaryforsome

patients.Stentsaretinydevicesinsertedthroughbloodvesselsto

keeparteriesopenintheheart.Butresearchinrecentyearshas

suggestedthatstentsareoverusedbydoctorsandthatdrugsmaybea

cheaper,saferandmoreeffectivewayformanypatientstoavoid

heartattacksorstrokes.

arteryn.動(dòng)脈

overusevt.過度使用

Theemergingconcerns,therecessionandpricingpressureshave

causedafall-offinstentsales.Theworldwidemarketforcoronary

stentsdroppedto$4.2billionlastyear,from$5.3billionin2006,

accordingtotheinvestmenthouseLeerinkSwann.

recessionn.不景氣

fall-offn.跌落

Cordis'ssalesofdrug-coatedheartstentsfellto$627millionglobally

lastyear,from$2.6billionin2006.Bytheendoftheyear,Cordiswill

stopmanufacturingitsCypherstent-thefirstdrug-coatedstentto

beapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministrationin2003一andstop

researchinganewonecalledtheNevostent,thecompanysaidin

astatementWednesday.

SethFischer,worldwidechairmanofCordis,saidthedecisionwas

promptedby“changingdynamics^^andpricepressuresinan

increasinglycompetitivemarket.

promptvt.促使

"There'snoquestionthatourmarketsharehasdeclinedinthelast

severalyearsascompetitorshavejoinedthemarket,^^hesaidina

telephoneinterview.44Wefeltthatwecouldturnourattentiontoward

otherpotentialareasthatwouldenhancecardiovascularhealthfor

patients.^^

enhancevt.提高

cardiovasculara.心血管的

Mr.FischeralsosaidJ.&J/slossesinpatentcases,includingan

appellatecourtdecisionlastweek,hadasignificanteffect."Unlicensed

competition^^haserodeditspricing,salesandmarketshare,hesaid.

appellatea.受理上訴的

erodevt.消弱

pricingn.定價(jià)

Cordiswillcut900to1,000positionsbyclosingitsCypherstent

manufacturingfacilityinSanGerman,PuertoRico,anditsNevostent

plantinCashel,Ireland,andtrimmingresearch,salesandmarketing,

acompanyspokeswoman,SandraPound,saidinatelephone

interview.

Johnson&Johnson,basedinNewBrunswick,N.J.,hassuffereda

seriesofconsumerproductrecallslargelybecauseofmanufacturing

problems.Thedecisiontogetoutofthestentmarketalsoappearedto

hurtthecompanyintheeyesofinvestors.Thestockpriceclippedby

1.4percentto$66.16onWednesday.

recalln.收回

dipvt.小幅度下降

Itsdepartureshouldhelpthemarketleaders,BostonScientificand

Medtronic,whichareeachintroducingnewdrug-elutingstentsin

mid-2012,accordingtoaninvestornotefromBarclaysCapital.

drug-elutinga,用藥淋洗的

BostonScientificstockrose2.8percentto$6.93,whileMedtronic

declinedbynearly1.25percent,to$37.92.AbbottLaboratories,which

alsosellsheartstentsintheUnitedStates,heldeveninthestock

market.J.&J.heldabout15percentoftheworldwidemarketsharein

drug-elutingstents.Barclayssaidthatsharewasexpectedtodropto

10percentthisyearand7percentin2012.LeerinkSwann,inan

investornote,saidthecompany'swithdrawalwaslongexpectedand

wouldbothhelpotherstent-makersandhelpJohnson&Johnson

focusonmoreprofitableareas.

withdrawaln.收回

文章梗概：由于西非獨(dú)特的氣候特點(diǎn)和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗，西非一直是世界上腦

膜炎發(fā)病率最高的地帶。每年旱季，多方面的原因更是促使了疫情的擴(kuò)

散。如今由世界衛(wèi)生組織及合作伙伴開發(fā)的一種新型腦膜炎疫苗在布基

納法索正式投入使用。這種疫苗專門為非洲I研制，具有成本低、效果好

的特點(diǎn)，如果獲得足夠的資金支持，有望在非洲處于"腦膜炎帶”的25個(gè)

國家普及。屆時(shí)，令世人“談腦色變”的西非將慢慢告別“腦膜炎地帶”的

慘痛記憶……更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)閱讀以下文章……

Meningitis:At50CentsaDose,aVaccineHasSuccessAmongWest

Africans

(nytimes)

Meningitisn.腦膜炎

vaccinen.疫苗

Anewmeningococcalvaccine,justintroducedinWestAfrica,has

producedveryencouragingresults,accordingtothepublic-private

partnershipcoo