聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易發(fā)展委員會(huì)-2022年統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)（英）

UNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADE；ANDDEVELOPMENT

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a.、

STATISTICS

United

Nations

Geneva,2022

2022HandbookofStatistics

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2

HandbookofStatistics20221

Notes

Thetablesinthishandbookrepresentextractionsfromoranalyticalsummariesofdatasetscontainedinthe

UNCTADstatDataCentre,availableat:

https:〃/

UNCTADstatiscontinuouslyupdatedandenhanced,thusprovidinguserswiththelatestavailablestatistics.

Consequently,thefiguresfromthishandbook,whichpresentsstatisticsatapointintime,maynotalways

correspondwiththelatestfiguresinUNCTADstat.

Basicinformationonconcepts,definitionsandcalculationmethodsofthepresentedstatisticsareprovidedinthe

boxestitled"Conceptsanddefinitions"ineachsectionandinannex6.3ofthishandbook.Moredetailed

informationonthesourcesandmethodsusedforproductionofdataavailableinUNCTADstatcanbefoundinthe

documentationattachedtotherespectiveUNCTADstatdataset(UNCTAD,2022a).

Wherethedesignation“economy“appears,itreferstoacountry,territoryorarea.Theassignmentofeconomiesto

specificgroupsisdoneforstatisticalconvenienceanddoesnotimplyanyassumptionregardingthepoliticalor

otheraffiliationoftheseeconomiesbytheUnitedNations.Likewise,thedesignations"developing"and

"developed1'areintendedforstatisticalconvenienceanddonotnecessarilyexpressajudgementaboutthestage

reachedbyaparticulareconomyinthedevelopmentprocess.

Duetotheremovalofthegroupofthe"transitioneconomiesHinthe2021edition,andduetoareclassificationof

thedevelopmentstatusoftheRepublicofKoreain2022,theclassificationofeconomiesinto“developing”and

"developed"appliedinthishandbookisdifferentfromtheclassificationusedinearliereditions.Also,abroader

definitionofsmallislanddevelopingStates(SIDS)asdefinedbytheUnitedNationsOfficeoftheHigh

RepresentativefortheLeastDevelopedCountries,LandlockedDevelopingCountriesandSmallIslandDeveloping

States(UN-OHRLLS)isappliedsince2021.Thecorrespondinggroupaggregatesarethereforenotcomparable

withdatapresentedinearlierhandbooks.Formoredetails,seeannex6.2ofthishandbook.

ThepopulationdatausedinthiseditionhavebeensubstantiallyrevisedbytheUnitedNationsPopulationDivision

insummer2022.TheyreflectforthefirsttimetheeffectsoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Thishadanimpactonthe

figuresofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)percapita.

Unlessotherwisespecified,thevaluesofgroupsofeconomiesrepresentthesumsofthevaluesoftheindividual

economiesincludedinthegroup.Calculationoftheseaggregatesmaytakeintoaccountdataestimatedbythe

UNCTADsecretariatthatarenotnecessarilyreportedseparately.Whendatacoverageisinsufficientwithina

groupofeconomies,noaggregationisundertakenandthesymbol(-)isassigned.

Duetorounding,valuesdonotnecessarilyaddupexactlytotheircorrespondingtotals.

UnitedStatesdollars(US$)areexpressedincurrentUnitedStatesdollarsoftheyeartowhichtheyrefer,unless

otherwisespecified.MTonHmeansmetricton(1000kg).

Duetospaceconstraints,thenamesofthefollowingcountriesmayappearinabbreviatedform:thePlurinational

StateofBolivia,theDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,theIslamic

RepublicofIran,LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic,theFederatedStatesofMicronesia,theUnitedKingdomof

GreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andtheBolivarianRepublicofVenezuela.

TheUNCTADHandbookofStatistics2022isavailableinPDFformatfromtheUNCTADwebsite,at

https:〃/HandbookOfStatistics.Thee-handbookisavailableathttps:〃hbs.unctad.ora.

3

202HandbookofStatistics

Theworldbydevelopmentstatus

-Developingeconomies

Developedeconomies

Leastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)

TheboundariesandnamesshownandthedesignationsusedonthismapdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.

4

HandbookofStatistics20221

5

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NTS

8

10

11

12

14

32

42

60

70

84

202：HandbookofStatistics

MapsandFigures

Maps

Map1.1Merchandiseexportsasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,202116

Map1.2Mainworldimportflows,202120

Map1.3Mainexportproducts,202124

Map1.4Tradeopennessindex,202128

Map2.1Exportsofservicesasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,202134

Map2.2Growthinservicesexportsbycategory,2016-202138

Map3.1Grossdomesticproductpercapita,202144

Map3.2Currentaccountbalanceasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,202148

Map3.3Foreigndirectinvestmentinflowsasaratiotogrossfixedcapitalformation,202152

Map3.4Annualgrowthofconsumerprices,202156

Map4.1Annualpopulationgrowth,202162

Map4.2Dependencyratio,202166

Map5.1Tonnageloadedanddischarged,202172

Map5.2Building,ownership,registrationandrecyclingofships,202176

Map5.3Linershippingconnectivity,2021-202280

Figures

Figure1.1.1Worldmerchandiseexports16

Figure1.1.2Merchandisetradeannualgrowthrates,202117

Figure1.1.3Merchandisetradebalance17

Figure1.2.1Intra-andextra-regionalexports,202120

Figure1.2.2Globaltradeflows,202121

Figure1.2.3Developingeconomies,mainexportdestinations,202121

Figure1.3.1Exportstructureofdevelopingeconomiesbyproductgroup,202124

Figure1.3.2Annualgrowthrateofexportsbyproductgroup,202125

Figure1.3.3Developingeconomies*extra-tradestructure,202125

Figure1.4.1Termsoftradeindex28

Figure1.4.2Marketconcentrationindexofexports29

Figure1.4.3Productconcentrationindexofexports,202129

Figure2.1.1Worldservicesexports34

Figure2.1.2Servicestradeannualgrowthrates,202135

Figure2.1.3Topfiveservicesexporters,202135

Figure2.2.1Annualgrowthrateofservicesexports,202138

Figure2.2.2Structureofservicesexports,202139

Figure2.2.3Growthofexportsoftelecommunications,computer,andinformationservices,bygroupofeconomies,2019-202139

Figure3.1.1Worldrealgrossdomesticproduct,annualgrowthrate44

Figure3.1.2Growthofrealgrossdomesticproductbygroupofeconomies,202145

Figure3.1.3Distributionofworldgrossdomesticproduct45

8

HandbookofStatistics20221

Figures

Figure3.2.1Balancesinthecurrentaccount48

Figure3.2.2Balancesinleastdevelopedcountries,currentaccount49

Figure3.3.1Worldforeigndirectinvestmentinflows52

Figure3.3.2Foreigndirectinvestmentinflowsandoutflows,202153

Figure3.3.3Selectedforeigndirectinvestmentflows53

Figure3.4.1ExchangeratesagainsttheUnitedStatesdollar56

Figure3.4.2UNCTADCommodityPriceIndex57

Figure3.4.3Year-on-yeargrowthofpricesbycommoditygroup57

Figure4.1.1Annualgrowthrateofworldpopulation62

Figure4.1.2Worldpopulationbygroupofeconomies63

Figure4.1.3Urbanpopulationbygroupofeconomies63

Figure4.2.1Worldpopulationbyagegroup66

Figure4.2.2Populationpyramids,202167

Figure4.2.3Dependencyratiobyagestructure67

Figure5.1.1Goodsloadedworldwide72

Figure5.1.2Seabornetradeofdevelopingeconomies73

Figure5.1.3Seabornetradebalance73

Figure5.2.1Worldfleetbyprincipalvesseltype76

Figure5.2.2Fleetmarketbyregionofbeneficialownership,202277

Figure5.2.3Vesselscapacityintopfiveregistries77

Figure5.3.1Linershippingconnectivityindex,topfiveeconomies80

Figure5.3.2Worldcontainerportthroughput81

Figure5.3.3Containerizedporttrafficbygroupofeconomies,202081

9

202：HandbookofStatistics

Tables

Table1.1.1Merchandisetradebygroupofeconomies18

Table1.1.2Merchandisetradeofleastdevelopedcountries,mainexporters18

Table1.1.3Leadingexportersandimportersindevelopingeconomies,bygroupofeconomies,202119

Table1.2.1Exportsbyoriginanddestination,202122

Table1.2.2Exportsbyoriginanddestination,selectedyears22

Table1.2.3Topdestinationsofdevelopingeconomies,exports23

Table1.2.4Toporiginsofdevelopingeconomies*imports23

Table1.3Exportsbyproductgroup,originanddestination,202126

Table1.4.1Selectedtradeindicesbygroupofeconomies30

Table1.4.2Selectedtradeindices,landlockeddevelopingcountries31

Table2.1.1Tradeinservicesbygroupofeconomies36

Table2.1.2Leadingservicesexportersandimportersbygroupofeconomies,202136

Table2.2.1Tradeinservicesbyservicecategoryandgroupofeconomies40

Table2.2.2Exportsofselectedservices,byregion,202141

Table3.1.1Grossdomesticproductandgrossdomesticproductpercapita46

Table3.1.2Nominalgrossdomesticproductbytypeofexpenditure,202046

Table3.1.3Nominalgrossvalueaddedbyeconomicactivity47

Table3.1.4Economieswithhighestgrossdomesticproductpercapita47

Table3.2.1Currentaccountbalancebygroupofeconomies50

Table3.2.2Currentaccountbalanceinlargestsurplusanddeficiteconomies50

Table3.2.3Currentaccountsofleadingexporters(goodsandservices)bygroupofeconomies,202150

Table3.3.1Foreigndirectinvestmentflowsbygroupofeconomies54

Table3.3.2Foreigndirectinvestmentstockbygroupofeconomies54

Table3.3.3Foreigndirectinvestmentinflows,top20hosteconomies,202155

Table3.3.4Foreigndirectinvestmentoutflows,top20homeeconomies,202155

Table3.4.1Consumerpricesbygroupofeconomies58

Table3.4.2Exchangerateandconsumerpricesamongmainexportingeconomies58

Table3.4.3Priceindicesofselectedprimarycommodities59

Table3.4.4Monthlypriceindicesofmaincommoditygroups59

Table4.1.1Totalpopulationbygroupofeconomies64

Table4.1.2Urbanpopulationbygroupofeconomies64

Table4.1.3Mostpopulatedeconomies65

Table4.2.1Agestructureanddependencyratiobygroupofeconomies68

Table4.2.2Agestructurebygroupofeconomies,202169

Table4.2.3Femalepopulationbyageclass,202169

Table5.1.1Totalseabornetradebygroupofeconomies74

Table5.1.2Seabornetradebycargotypeandgroupofeconomies74

Table5.1.3Developmentofgoodsloadedworldwidebytypeofcargo75

Table5.2.1Merchantfleetregistrationbygroupofeconomies78

Table5.2.2Fleetownershipandregistration,maineconomies,1January202279

Table5.3.1Linershippingconnectivityindexofmostconnectedeconomies,byregion82

Table5.3.2Timeatport,bymarketsegment,inthetop20economiesbyportcall,202183

Table5.3.3Linershippingconnectivityoftheworld*ssevenmostconnectedeconomies83

Table6.1Keyindicatorsbyeconomy,202186

Table6.2GroupingofservicecategoriesonthebasisofEBOPS201099

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HandbookofStatistics20221

Introduction

TheUNCTADHandbookofStatistics2022providesawiderangeofstatisticsandindicatorsrelevanttothe

analysisofinternationaltrade,economy,investment,maritimetransport,anddevelopmentoverall.Itcomesata

timeofcascadingcrisesthatoverlapandcompoundeachother.Inuncertaintimes,reliablestatisticalinformation

becomesevenmoreindispensableforeffectivepolicyresponsesanddecisions,aidingcountriestorecoverfrom

thecrisesandbuildamorejust,inclusive,andsustainableeconomy.

TheUNCTADHandbookofStatisticsandtheUNCTADstatDataCentremakeinternationallycomparabledata

setsavailabletopolicymakers,specialists,researchers,officialsofnationalGovernments,representativesof

internationalorganizations,journalists,executivemanagers,andexpertsofnon-governmentalorganizations.In

addition,thesestatisticsunderpinallUNCTADactivities.Whetherforresearch,policyadviceortechnical

cooperation,UNCTADneedsreliableandinternationallycomparabletrade,financialandmacroeconomicdatawith

globalcoverage,spanningseveraldecades.

The2021datashowastrongreboundofGDP,internationaltrade,maritimetransport,foreigndirectinvestment

(FDI)andotherspheresofglobaleconomicactivity.Whileglobalmerchandisetradeexceededitspre-pandemic

levelbyfar,fortradeinservicestherecoveryin2021wasnotstrongenoughtocompensatethedramaticfallin

2020experiencedduringtheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemic,especiallyintravel.However,UNCTAD

nowcastssuggestthatthereboundiscontinuingin2022,albeitataslightlymoderatedspeed,leadingtonew

recordhighsinbothgoodsandservicestradevalues.

The2022nowcastsonglobalmerchandiseandservicestradeincludedinthishandbookrepresentannualized

snapshotsofUNCTAD'squarterlynowcasts,whichareupdatedweekly.Newthisyearistheirpublicationtoa

dedicateddashboardonUNCTADstat,whichallowstrackingthedevelopmentofthenowcastandtheirdriversin

almost'realtime*;seehttps:〃unctadstat.unctad.ora/EN/Nowcasts.html.

Thisyearagain,theonlineeditionofthehandbook,thee-handbook,incorporatesinteractivechartsandmapsat:

https:〃hbs.unctad.orQ/.Thee-handbook,includingitsmapsandcharts,isaninteractivetoolandprovidesreaders

withdirectaccesstothedataattheUNCTADstatDataCentrefromeachtable,mapandchart.

11

202HandbookofStatistics

Abbreviations

BPM6BalanceofPaymentsandInternationalInvestmentPositionManual,SixthEdition

BRICSBrazil,Russia,India,ChinaandSouthAfrica

CIFcost,insuranceandfreight

CPIconsumerpriceindex

Dem.Rep.DemocraticRepublic

dwtdead-weighttons

EBOPS20102010ExtendedBalanceofPaymentsServicesClassification

FDIforeigndirectinvestment

FOBfreeonboard

G20GroupofTwenty

GDPgrossdomesticproduct

GFCFgrossfixedcapitalformation

gtgrosstons

HIPCsheavilyindebtedpoorcountries

HSHarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystem

IMFInternationalMonetaryFund

ISICInternationalStandardIndustrialClassificationofAllEconomicActivities

LDCsleastdevelopedcountries

LLDCslandlockeddevelopingcountries

LNGliquefiednaturalgas

LPGliquefiedpetroleumgas

LSBCIlinershippingbilateralconnectivityindex

LSCIlinershippingconnectivityindex

Rep.Republic

SARSpecialAdministrativeRegion

SIDSsmallislanddevelopingStates

SITCStandardInternationalTradeClassification

TEUtwenty-footequivalentunit

UCPIUNCTADCommodityPriceIndex

UN-OHRLLSUnitedNationsOfficeoftheHigh

RepresentativefortheLeastDeveloped

Countries,LandlockedDevelopingCountriesandSmallIslandDevelopingStates

US$UnitedStatesdollars

WTOWorldTradeOrganization

12

HandbookofStatistics20221

Symbols

0Zeromeansthattheamountisnilornegligible.

_Thesymbolunderscoreindicatesthattheitemisnotapplicable.

Twodotsindicatethatthedataarenotavailableorarenotseparatelyreported.

-Theuseofahyphenondataareameansthatdataisestimatedandincludedinthe

aggregationsbutnotpublished.

Anendashbetweenyears(e.g.“1985—1990”)signifiesthefullperiodinvolved,includingtheinitial

andfinalyears.

(e)Estimate

(u)Preliminaryestimate

13

INTERNATIONAL

MERCHANDISE

TRADE

Internationalmerchandisetrade

exports

+26.5%

Internationalmerchandisetrade

1.1Totalmerchandisetrade

Map1.1Merchandiseexportsasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,

2021(Percentage)

Strongpost-pandemicrecovery

ConceptsanddefinitionsIn2021,thevalueofworldmerchandiseexportsincreasedstrongly,by26.5per

cent,aftertwoconsecutiveyearsofdecline.Globalexportsamountedto

US$22.3trillion,US$3.3trillionhigherthanthepre-pandemicvaluerecordedtwo

Thefiguresoninternationalmerchandiseyearsbefore,in2019.