現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作下筆記

/WritingUnit1 11.Narration(PersonalNarratives)(P1-2) 12.Coordination&Subordination(P12) 1Coordination 1Subordination 2Unit2 21.Decription(Places)(P21-22) 22.Parallelism(P31-32) 3Unit3 31. Narration(ObjectiveReports)(P42) 32.Actionverbs&Activeverbs(P52) 3Circumstancesofusingpassivevoice 3Unit4 41.Description:objects(P64) 42. Variety(多樣性)（P76） 4Unit5 51.Narration:chainofaction(P82) 5Showing&tellinginnarration 52.Task未教（P93） 6Unit6 61.Description:People(P102) 62.EffectiveSentences:Conciseness簡(jiǎn)明，簡(jiǎn)潔(打印) 6Unit7 71.Narration:HistoricalNarratives(P126) 7Unit8 81.PersonalLetters(P150) 8Unit11.Narration(PersonalNarratives)(P1-2)Types:personalexperience/imaginativefiction/historicalnarrativeHowtowrite:①Atopicsentence②Firstpersonpointofview③Inchronologicalorder④Usingtransitions⑤Vividdetails2.Coordination&Subordination(P12)CoordinationDefinition:combineideas/createequalemphasisHowtocoordinateWords&phases:①Acoordinatingconjunction②Apairofcorrelativeconjunction③InthesamekindofgrammaticalconstructionClauses①“,”+”fanboys”②“;”+”conjunctiveadverbs”(however)CoordinationSubordinationDefinition:combineideas/createunequalemphasisHowtosubordinatesubordinateclauses:①Subordinatingconjunction②RelativepronounsPhraseorsinglewordsUnit21.Decription(Places)(P21-22)Definition:awordpictureTypes:◆objective:noanypersonalcomment◆Subjective:freetointerpretdetailsMethodsoforganization:①Usingthesense(look,smells,sounds)②Usingthespatialorder(空間順序)③UsingchronologicalorderTips:Onadominantimpression(主要印象)Don’tusetoomanyadjectivesandadverbsPrecisenounsandvividverbsDon’tqualifyeverynounwithadjective2.Parallelism(P31-32)Definition:Expressequallyimportantideasinthesamegrammaticalformtypes:①parallelwords(gerund動(dòng)名詞，nouns,verbs)②parallelphrases(prepositionalphrases,verbphrases)③parallelclausesUnit3Narration(ObjectiveReports)(P42)Types：Firstperson:“I”Thirdperson:“he””she””they”2.Actionverbs&Activeverbs(P52)Tips:①replacetheverb”be”②Don’toverusethepattern”therebe”③Usetheactivevoiceinsteadofthepassivevoice(被動(dòng))Circumstancesofusingpassivevoice①Theperformerofanactionisunknownortoowell-known②Emphasizetherecipient(接受者)③Youdon’twanttomentiontheperformerUnit41.Description:objects(P64)Methodsoforganization:①Usingthesense(look,smells,sounds)②Usingthespatialorder(空間順序)③Listingfunctions④UsingchronologicalorderTipsonhowtodescribeanobjectshowyougottheobjectBasicfactualinformation(size,shape,texture<質(zhì)地>)UsefulfeaturesFocusonthemostimportantoftheobjectWhyitisimportantYourfeeling(howyoulikeit)Variety(多樣性)（P76）HowtousesentencevarietyVarysentenceopeningVarysentencestructureInvertsentence(倒裝句)occasionallyTipsPutaadverbbeforethesubjectPuttheverbordirectobjectbeforethesubjectBeginwithaprepositionalphrase,oraninfinitivephraseUnit51.Narration:chainofaction(P82)Showing&tellinginnarrationTellastoryShowing:dramatizingasceneandcreatingadialogueMakeitmorevividUsedinashortnarrativerelatingasingleeventTelling:summarizingwhathappenedIncludeagreaternumberofeventsanddetailsInlongernarratives,usedalongwith“showing”2.Task未教（P93）Unit61.Description:People(P102)HowtodescribeapersonDominantimpressionapproach(P22)Selectdetailsbutdon’tgivetoomuchConcretevividdetailsDon’toverloadadj.adv.MoreshowingthantellingUseanecdotes（趣事)WaysoforganizingadescriptiveessayaboutapersonFocusononefeatureorquality/useanecdotesDescribesfromappearanceandpersonalityListafewcharacteristicfeatures/explainbriefly2.EffectiveSentences:Conciseness簡(jiǎn)明，簡(jiǎn)潔(打印)ReducelongclausestoshorterphrasesReducephrasestosinglewordsAvoidtherebeDon’toveruse“very,really,totallyandothermodifiers”Eg.Verytiredexhausted/reallyhungryfamishedReplaceredundant(多余的)expressionsEg.intheeventthatif/ovalinshapeovalRemovenominalizationsVerba/announverbEg.GiveananalysisofanalyzeUnit71.Narration:HistoricalNarratives(P126)SummaryparagraphsAtypicalparagraph:developanidea;Thetopicsentence+supportingsentencesThesummaryparagraph:ConsistofsimplefactsorconclusionswithoutexplanationorevidenceBasicstructureofahistoricalnarrativeOpenwithabriefintroductionofthepersonororganizationProvideabriefaccountofmajorphases/events,particularlyturningpointsConcludewitharemarktosummarizeortoemphasizeaspecificpointUnit81.PersonalLetters(P150)Layout/FormatDate/salutation/body/closing/signatureLanguageSimple,clearandstraig