2021人教版高中英語高考真題(十四)【含解析】

試卷主標(biāo)題

姓名：班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：

、一

題號(hào)—?二三四五八總分

評(píng)分

一、閱讀理解（共9題）

1、Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyou，reusingaffectthemoraldecisions

youmakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasample

setof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.

Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassicutrolley（有軌

電車）problem"：Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletieduponaset

oftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpush

amanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokill

onemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,compared

to22.3percentofPCusers.

“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassic

moralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisions

whenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,“DrAlbertBarqueDuran,thelead

authorofthestudy,toldCityUniversityofLondon."Thiscouldbeduetothe

increasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreased

psychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”

Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarqueDurannoted,“Duetothe

factthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportant

tothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareasked

toengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthe

hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily."It'sclearthatweneed

moreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe'reusing

screensataneverincreasingrate.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。你所使用的手機(jī)或電腦設(shè)備是否影響你的道德決策？為

此，研究者對(duì)1,010位參與者做了研究。

1.Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?

A.Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.

B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.

C.Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.

D.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.

2.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?

A.Calmly.B.Cruelly.

C.Hesitantly.D.Enthusiastically.

3.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones.

A.helppeoplebearmorepressure

B.helppeoplemakedecisionsquicker

C.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistant

D.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems

4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.

B.ThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.

C.PeoplewhooftenusesmartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.

D.Itiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.

2、Overthepastcoupleofdays,onourlocalFreecyclepagetherehavebeenalot

ofwantedposts,allfromthesameperson,basicallyaskingforeverythingyou'dneed

tosetupahousefromscratch.

Oneofthethingstheyaskedforwasaqueensizedbed.Atthattimewejusthappened

tohaveanextraone,soImessagedthem.Theyimmediatelycameintheafternoon.

Thepeoplewhocame,twoladiesandaman,areactuallyfriendsofanotherwomannamed

Jennywhoownedayoungboy.Thiswomanhasescapedfromadangerous,violent

relationshipandthesefriendsofhersarehelpingherandhersonstartoveragain,

witheverythingfromfurnituretotoothbrushesontheirlistofneeds.

Whiletheywerehere,Ialsogavethemoneofoursparebookcaseandsomecoffeecups.

Ievenaskedthemtokeepintouchincasetheyneededanythingelse一Ihaveaway

ofconnectingpeoplewiththings.Iofferedthewomanacupboardwehadaswell;her

friendsjustneededtoseeiftherewasaplaceoraneedforitintheirfriend，s

newhome.

Iwassoexcitedtomeetthoselovingpeople,whowereobviouslywillingtohelptheir

friends.Itwasclearhowprotectivetheyfeltofthiswomanandherboy,howmuch

theylovedherandwantedhertohaveahappyandsafelife,andtospendevenafew

minuteswithpeoplelikethatisanexperienceI'11rememberforalong,longtime.

Aquickthankyoutoallwhohavesentmoredonationsoverthelastcoupleofdays,

aswellaslovelymessagesofthanksandblessings.Sometimesit'shardtokeepup

withitall,butit'saproblemI'mhappytohave.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者通過物品利用網(wǎng)站幫助了一位遭受家庭暴力

的女性和她的孩子。

5.Whatwerethepeoplewhoarrivedattheauthor，sintheafternoongoingtodo?

A.Promotesomeproductscustomersneeded.

B.Fetchthebedtheauthorwouldgiveaway.

C.Recyclesecondhandfurniture.

D.Helprepairtheauthor'sfurniture.

6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Warmhearted.B.Mean.

C.Narrowminded.D.Intelligent.

7.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat.

A.theauthordoesn，tliketospendtoomuchtimewiththosepeoplelikeJenny，sfriends

B.Jennyandherboywillhardlygethelpfromtheauthor，sfriends

C.theauthorwasdisappointedwiththoseonlysendingmessagesofthanksandblessings

D.Jennyandherboywillhaveanewstartwiththehelpofpeople

8.Thesuitabletitleforthetextshouldbe"",

A.Nopains,nogains

B.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves

C.Manyhandsmakelightwork

D.Wherethereiswill,thereisaway

3、Whenyouthinkofbatteries,you，11likelythinkaboutthempoweringupremote

controls,cellphones,flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaround

intheirbodytopowerapacemaker（起搏器）.Itisn，treallypleasantandeasyto

carrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonous

chemicals.Abatterypoweredpacemakermaybecomeathingofthepast,thankstoa

newtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:Abiologicalsupercapacitor（超級(jí)

電容器），whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.

TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublisheda

paperinajournalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefrom

acarbonmaterial,andcoatedwithhumanlikeproteinsthatactaselectrodes（電

極）.Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvester

thatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodintoenergy.

Thosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimeters（毫米）thick.They

aremuchbigger.Thenewsupercapacitor,which,duetoitslackofbattery,isonly

onemicrometer（微米）thick.This“l(fā)ittle”featurecouldbenefitthenew

pacemaker，senergyefficiency,researchersstated.Also,unlikeotherbatteriesused

inmedicaltreatments,thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithout

sufferingdamage.

Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld,supercapacitors

havetheabilitytoserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthe

traditionalbatteryoperateddevices,theresearchersbelieve.

“Inordertobeeffective,battery-freepacemakersmusthavesuper

capacitorsthatcanget,storeandtransportenergy.However,commercialsuper

capacitorsaretooslowtomakethemwork”,saidMaherElKady,aUCLAresearcher

andcoauthorofthestudy."Ourresearchfocusedonthecustomdesignedsuper

capacitortocaptureenergyeffectively,andfindingawaytomakeitexisttogether

successfullywiththehumanbody.”

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種可以借助身體發(fā)電，不再需要電池供電的新

型起搏器。

9.Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?

A.Theyareverypopularwithusers.

B.Theyarethinnerthanseveralhairs.

C.Theycandoharmtotheusers，bodies.

D.Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.

10.Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?

A.Ithaselectrodesontheoutside.

B.Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.

C.Ithelpssavethecarriers，moneyandenergy.

D.Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.

11.Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergyefficient?

A.Thesmallsize.

B.Thesmallbattery.

C.Theenergyharvester.

D.Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewPacemakerthatDoesn，tNeedtoUseBatteries

B.ABatteryPoweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople，sBody

C.PeopleTodayAren，tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerAnyLonger

D.UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheCauseoftheMedicalEquipment

4、uHaveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyou

jumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamie

TayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupatUniversityofEdinburgh."Thereiscertainly

alotofenergyinwaves,“hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergy

tomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean."The

windstartsoutbymakinglittleripples（漣漪），butiftheykeeponblowing,those

ripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves,“Taylorsaid.Wavesareone

ofnature'swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney."When

wavescometowardtheshore,peoplecansetupdamstoblockthewaterandsend

itthroughalargewheelcalledaturbine（渦輪機(jī)）.Theturbinecanthenpoweran

electricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.

“Theresourceishuge,“saidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute."Wewill

neverrunoutofwavepower."Besides,waveenergydoesnotcreatethesamepollution

asotherenergysources,suchasoilorcoal.Oceanscoverthreequartersofthe

Earth5ssurface一thatwouldmakewavepowerseemidealforcreatingenergythroughout

theworld,thoughtherearesomeweakpointsyettoovercome.

Swainsaidthatwavepowerstillcoststoomuchmoney.Shealsosaidthatitseffects

onseaanimalsarestillunknown.Whatismore,wavepowercouldaffectfishingand

boattraffic.Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout.

uDemandforenergytopowerourTVsandcomputers,driveourcars,andheatandcool

ourhomesisrisingrapidlythroughouttheworld,“Swainsaid.Inthefuturewhen

youturnonalight,anoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity!

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了有關(guān)海洋波浪能源的應(yīng)用前景及存在的問題。

13.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders，attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor'simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

14.Theunderlinedphrase“pickingup”isclosestinmeaningto"”.

A.startingagainB.speedingup

C.improvingD.gathering

15.Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout

A.ourpowersupplyB.ourboattraffic

C.airpollutionD.oursupplyofseafish

16.Wecanmakebetteruseofwaveenergyifwe

A.shortenitsjourneytothousandsofhomes

B.buildmoresmallpowerstationsontheoceans

C.reducethecostofturningitintoelectricpower

D.quickenthestepsofproducingelectricity

5、（2019?全國(guó)卷I）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,the

marketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測(cè)量）technologies一likefingerprintscans一to

keepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,

though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice（裝

置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardprecisely

measuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplyto

eachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthings

liketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatterns

areuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople，sidentities,and

byextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnected

to一regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn，trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen，talreadyfamiliar

with.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypethe

word“touch“fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevice

couldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withvery

lowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbepretty

straightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.

Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科研報(bào)道。來自佐治亞理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種智能鍵盤，可

以通過分析用戶的打字模式來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客。

1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?

A.Toreducepressureonkeys.

B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.

C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.

D.Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.

2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It'11beenvironmentfriendly.

B.It'11reachconsumerssoon.

C.It’11bemadeofplastics.

D.It，11helpspeeduptyping.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.

C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

6、（2019?北京高考）Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld，soceanswill

bebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,these

phytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvaries

fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climate

changewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinother

spots,leadingtochangesintheocean，sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarbon

inthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.

Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean，swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskey

characteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneed

notonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,built

aclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworld

thatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceans

wouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplankton

couldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarming

willmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Not

onlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,“shesaid,“but

thetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”

Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkinds

begintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeof

fishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefood

chain.

Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobably

betoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."It'll

beawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecause

ofclimatechange,“Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheocean

willbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。調(diào)查表明，由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。

5.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.

C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz，smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

7、（2020?南昌市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)段考試題）

LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSleep

Sleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestion

whetherthetimespentduringsleepingcouldbeusedmoreproductively,e.g.for

learninganewlanguage?Sleepresearchtodatefocusedonthestabilizationand

strengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringpreviouswakefulness.However,

learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamined.Thereisconsiderableevidencefor

wake-learnedinformationundergoingrevisionbyareplayinthesleepingbrain.The

replayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemorytracesandembeds（嵌入）the

newlyacquiredinformationinthepreexistingstoreofknowledge.

Ifthereplayduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake—learnedinformation,then

first—play,i.e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation,shouldalsobe

possibleduringsleep.

TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisableto

formnewsemanticassociationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwords

duringthebraincells，activestates,theso-called“Up-states'”.Itturnedout

tobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages,our

braincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep,thebrain

cellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterinto

astateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up-state、”andthe

inactivestate”Down-state、”.Thetwostatesalternate（交替）abouteveryhalf

—second.

Newevidenceforsleep-learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheories

ofmemory.Theconceptofsleepasanencapsulated（被概括的）mentalstate,in

whichweareseparatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable.

“Wecoulddisprovethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep,\"says

SimonRuch,co-first-author."Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleep

canbeappliedtotheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchin

upcomingyears,\"saysKatharinaHenke.

TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfaculty

ResearchCooperation（IRC）.Thirteenresearchgroupsinmedicine,biology,

psychologyandinformationsciencearepartoftheIRC.Theaimoftheseresearch

groupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolvedinsleep,

consciousnessandcognition.

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一項(xiàng)研究論證了在深度睡眠中學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯的可能性。

9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.“Up-state、”and“Down—state、”appearinturnduringdeepsleep.

B.“Up—states'"isanothernameforthebraincells，activestates.

C.Semanticassociationsareimportantforlanguagelearning.

D.Thebraincells，activestatesarecentralforsleep—learning.

10.Whatwillresearchersdowithinseveralyearsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Makestudyinthefollowingfieldssuchasmedicineandbiology.

B.Separateusfromthephysicalenvironment.

C.Applydeepsleeptoinformationlearning.

D.Discovertheconceptofsleep.

11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewwayofvocabularylearning.

B.Togainabetterunderstandingofthemechanisms.

C.Tochallengecurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.

D.Toexplainthepossibilityofvocabularylearningduringdeepsleep.

12.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Anovel.

B.Aguidebook.

C.Ascientificresearchwebsite.

D.Adiary.

8、（2018?北京高考）

PlasticEatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalf

ofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)），andupto12milliontonspollutethe

oceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggests

ananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwax

mothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft

100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andtheworms

consumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthatthe

worms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,the

researchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14

hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass一apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes

（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin

2017.

FedericaBertocchini,coauthorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreak

downtheireverydayfood一beeswax一alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxis

acomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarboncarbonbond,isthere

aswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthis

bond.”

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnot

involvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdown

polyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreaking

downinthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecause

ofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes

（腸道微生物）？

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam，sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploythe

enzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalin

somekindofindustrialprocess一notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopof

theplastic.”

篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。最新科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟幼蟲能利用體內(nèi)的酶來分解塑料，

這是一種分解塑料的新方法。

13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

14.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

15.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepecobalance.

9、（2019?山東師范大學(xué)附中高三第二次模擬考試）Ifyouaskmostpeoplewhatwater

tasteslike,they511probablytellyouthatwaterhasnotasteandtheymaygiveyou

afunnylook.Butifyouwereafruitfly,askinganotherfruitfly,thatquestion

mighthaveadifferentanswer.

Toafruitfly,waterhasataste.Scientistswanttoknowhowthefruitflyknows

waterbecausethisinformationmayhelpinlearninghowotheranimals一oreven

individualcells—managetousewaterintherightway.Waterisvitaltolife,but

toomuchortoolittlecanbedeadlytoalivingcreature.Sobyunderstandinghow

thefruitflytasteswater,researchersmaylearnmoreaboutotherlivingthings.

Accordingtothenewstudy,aprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）calledPPK28makesitpossiblefor

aflytotastewater.Proteinsbuildcellsandtissues,fightdiseaseandcarry

messagesbetweencells.It'snotsurprisingthataproteinisresponsibleforthe

fruitfly'sabilitytotastewater.

ThePPK28proteinispartofalargerfamilyofsimilarproteins.Oneoftheserelated

proteinsisusedbymammals（includinghumans）totastesalt.Scientistshavenot

foundaproteinthatenableshumansto“taste“water.

Intheexperiment,Cameronandhisteamcomparednormalfruitflieswithfruitflies

whosetastecellshadbeendisabled.Thefruitfliesweregivenaspecialchemical

thatwouldglow（發(fā)光）whentheflyusedthePPK28protein.Thenthescientistsled

thefliestowater.Whenthenormalfliestastedthewater,thePPK28proteinlit

up一showingthatitwasinuse.

Thefruitflyinparticularisso