高一英語開學(xué)摸底考（北京專用）（考試版）

2024屆高一下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考（北京專用）英語（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘試卷滿分：100分）注意事項(xiàng)：1、本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘。2、考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。3、考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。SamwasamotherlessboywholivedwithhisfatherCurtis.ToSam,hisfatherwashisheroandtheonlysoulwithwhomhefelt1andconnectedintheworld.Thoughuneducatedandpoor,Curtisrecognizedandcultivatedhisson’s2inwordslikeitwasthemostimportantthingintheworld.HewouldtakeSamtothepubliclibraryeveryday.WhenfatesuddenlytookCurtisawayfromSam,thekidbecamehomelessandwithdrawnfromeveryoneandeverything.Heevencouldn’treadasinglepagewithout3ateverysentence.Soheturnedtowritinginstead.Andwithintwomonths,theboyusedupsixnotebookstowritehisthoughtsinnotesandpoetry.Oneday,Mr.Murray,afatheroftwoboys,4Samsittingoutsideacafe,grippinghisstomachinhunger,tearsstreamingdownhisface.HetookSamhome,5him,andtuckedhimupinbed.ThenhelookedthroughSam’sbag,hopingtofindsomenumberhecouldcall.Instead,hefoundSam’sdiary.Hereadthroughpageafterpageofwhatthel1-year-oldhadbeengoingthrough,tryingtocryin6.WhenSamwokeup,hefoundhisbooks7arrangedonashelf,hisclothesputawayinalaundrybag,andthepictureofhisfatherputinabeautifulframeandplacedonthestudytable.“Thisisyourhome.Youcanhaveallthebooksyouwant.Iwilldriveyoutoandfromschooleverydaywithmyboys.Nothingwillstopyoufrompursuingyourdreams,”Mr.Murraysaid,acceptingSam’s8hug.Fromthatdayon,Sam’slifewasneverthesame.Readingandwritingnevergotapartfromhim.Hebecameoutgoingand9aconfidentpersonality.WiththeloveandsupportofMr.Murray,hefollowedhisheartandstudied10inuniversity.BythetimeSamwas30,hewastheownerofasuccessfulpublishinghouse.1．A．safe B．stressed C．excited D．a(chǎn)nxious2．A．inspiration B．interest C．habit D．imagination3．A．showingoff B．givingup C．calmingdown D．breakingdown4．A．kept B．felt C．spotted D．prevented5．A．fed B．taught C．dragged D．pleased6．A．horror B．silence C．relief D．desperation7．A．neatly B．hurriedly C．wisely D．naturally8．A．polite B．tearful C．welcoming D．comforting9．A．replaced B．described C．developed D．strengthened10．A．science B．gymnastics C．education D．literature第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AChineseNewYearPaintingisaspecialChineseartform.Usuallyit11(put)onwalls,doorsorwindows.AsSpringFestivalarrives,manyfamiliesputupNewYearPaintingsasawish12(have)goodluckandhappiness.TherearedifferentsubjectsinNewYearPaintings,suchasbabies,flowersandbirds.TheearliestNewYearPainting13(appear)intheTangdynasty(朝代)andwasattachedtothedoortokeepthefamilysafe.TodayNewYearPaintingsarestillpopularinsomeruralareasofChina.BItwasmyfirsttimespendingSpringFestivalinChina14myhostfamily.SpringFestivalishighlyvaluedbyeveryChinesefamily.Preparationsbeganaweekbeforethefestival.First,thehouse15(clean)fromtoptobottom.Next,theChinesecharacterFuwasattachedupsidedowntoourfrontdoor.ThegreatestexcitementbeganthenightbeforeSpringFestival.Fireworkswerebeingletoffacrossthecity,suddenlylightingupthenightsky.Wethensattogether16(enjoy)abigdinner,wishingeveryoneahappynewyear.CItwasacoldandsnowymorningafterthewinterholiday.Actually,it17(be)myfirstdayatmynewschool.Iwaswalking18(slow)andworryingaboutlotsofthings.Agirl19wasonabikepassedmequickly.Shewasridingonsnowyicewhensuddenlyshefelloffherbikejustafewstepsinfrontofme.Withoutthinking,Iwentoverand20(help)herstandup.Shesaid“Thankyou!”tomewithasmileandthenrodeaway.Thewords“Thankyou!”helpedmeandthissmallevent(事情)mademelessnervousaboutmynewschool.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThefollowinglistincludessomebooksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork.TheGo-Giver,byBobBurgandJohnDavidMannIdidn’tevenexpectthatsuchashortbookcouldmakeahugedifferenceinmywaytowardslife.Itsimplyexplainscomplexlawsthatdirectmankind,andconcludesthatthereisalwaystruthintheopposite.DaoDeJing,byLaoZiDaoDeJingisoneofthefinestbooksonphilosophywrittenbyLaoZi,anancientChinesephilosopherandpoet.Itissincere,excitingandmakesyouthinkalot.Readitandgetintouchwiththecleareducativeunderstandingsthatgiveyouenoughtipstopursueyourlifegoalfullofpassion.TheScienceofGettingRich,byWallaceD．WattlesIhadmyownmisunderstandingsofgettingrichtillIreadthisbook.ThebookmadeahugedifferencetomylifeafterIdiscoveredthesecretsmentioned.Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich,notimmediately,butstepbystep.ThePowerofHabit,byCharlesDuhiggIneverknewhabitsplayedsuchanimportantroleinshapingourfutureuntilIreadthisbook.Itsays,youarewhatyourhabitsare,andalsosuggeststheproventechniquestocreatenewhabitsthatchangeourlifestylesandeventuallyourlivers.Itismust-readforeveryonewhowishestoformlifetimehabits.TheRoadLessTravelled,byScottPeckSimplyput,buythisbookforthepathtowardsunderstandinginaspiritualwaythatstrengthensyourpersonalgrowth.Thisbooknevergivesyoueasysolutionstothechallengesoflife;itsimplyispartoflifeandleavesyouwithbetterunderstandingtoleadafulfilledlife.21．Whichbookcanhelpyouchaseyourdreampassionately?A．DaoDeJing. B．TheGo-Giver.C．TheRoadLessTravelled. D．TheScienceofGettingRich.22．WhichofthefollowingideasmayScottPeckagreewith?A．Habitscanshapeourfuture.B．Thereisalwaystruthintheopposite.C．Difficultyisoftenpartofpersonalgrowth.D．Weshouldfindeasysolutionstochallenges.23．Whatcanweknowaboutthebooksmentionedabove?A．Theyarealleasilywritten. B．Theyareallpopularbooks.C．Alltheirwritersareforeigners. D．Allthebooksareaboutlifegoals.BMargaretAnnBulkleywasbornaround1789,inIreland.Shehadbigdreams.“Iwanttobeadoctor!”Buttwohundredyearsagoagirlcouldn’tbecomeadoctor.Heruncle,JamesBarry,wasagreatpainter.AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.Yearslater,heruncleJamesBarrydied,leavinghersomemoney.Itwasenoughtostudytobeadoctor.“Butagirlcan’tbecomeadoctor,”saidMargaretsadly.“Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.Fromthenon,MargaretAnnBulkleydisappeared.ShebecameJamesBarryandenteredEdinburghUniversity.Hetook13subjectsandworkedallthroughthesummerwhentheotherstudentswentonholiday.Barrygraduatedin1812anddecidedtojointheBritishArmy.Inhislife,Dr.JamesBarrytravelledallovertheworld,helpingtosavemanylives.Beforeretirement,BarryhadrisentothesecondhighestmedicalofficerintheBritishArmy.Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宮產(chǎn))inAfrica.ThesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyearswasonlyknownafterhisdeathin1865.24．WhatleftadeepimpressiononGeneralMiranda?A．Margaret’sintelligence. B．Margaret’sloveforpainting.C．Margaret’sdream. D．Margaret’sloveforreading.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disguise”inparagraph2mean?A．Changeone’sclothes. B．Dresslikeadoctor.C．Dresslikeagentleman. D．Changeone’sappearance.26．WhichwasDr.JamesBarry’sachievementinherjob?A．BecomingthehighestofficerintheBritishArmy.B．Improvingmedicalconditionsforthewoundedsoldiers.C．Graduatingfromthemostfamousmedicaluniversity.D．Doingtheworld’sfirstrecordedcaesareansectionsuccessfully.27．WhatwasthesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyears?A．JamesBarryleftmuchmoney.B．Margaretdiedinhertwenties.C．Dr.JamesBarrywasawoman.D．GeneralMirandahelpedMargaretalot.CLibrariesaroundtheworldstillholdcopiesofbooksprintedhundredsofyearsago.Wille-booksstillbeusedinhundredsofyears’time?Librariansareworriedthatdigitalinformationanddigitalbooksarealreadybeinglost.Technologyisalwayschanging,andevennow,wecannotfindtheinformationtypedinprogramsweusedtenorfifteenyearsago.Isdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?Amazingly,westillhavecopiesofthefirstpublishedcollectionofWilliamShakespeare536playsThefirstFolio.That’snotbadforabookthat’snearly500yearsold.Thefoliowaspublishedin1623.Around800copieswereprintedand234knowncopiesstillcanbefoundtoday.Booksarequiteeasytostore.Theyholdalargeamountofinformationinasmallspace.Mostimportantly,wedon’tneedanyspecialequipmenttoopenthem.Butwhataboutthedigitalbooksstoredonyourcomputernow?Willpeoplebeabletoreadthemin800,500oreven10years’time?Technologymovesfast.Thedigitalbookswesavedonsomespecialequipmenttenortwentyyearsagocan’tbeopenednow.Wecan’topenthemonour21stcenturylaptops.Whataboutallyourdigitalphotographs?Everysecond,thousandsofthemareuploadedtosocialmedia.Thereisnophysicalcopy.Whatwillhappentothem?Willtheybelostinafewyears’time?Nowyousavethemin.jpgor.tiffformat(格式).Intenyears’time,therewillbeanotherformandanotherprogramtoopenyourphotoswith.Thisnewprogramwillnotbeabletoopenyourold.jpgor.tifffiles.PeoplehaverecognisedthisproblemandtherearenowonlinesellerswhowillprintphysicalphotoalbumsofyourFacebookposts.Whenawebsiteclosesdown,alltheinformationonthatwebsiteisremoved.It’sgoneforever.Ithasdisappearedintothe“digitalblackhole”.Organisationshaveunderstoodthisproblem.In2004,theBritishLibraryintheUKstartedtoarchive(存檔)websitesthatareimportantculturallyandacademicallyforfuturegenerations,justlikepaper-basedliterature.In2010,theUSLibraryofCongresssignedanagreementwithTwittertoarchivepublicTweetssentbyAmericans.TheyhavearchivedallpublicTweetssentsincethestartofTwitterin2006.That’s400millionTweetseveryday!Withalltheamazingnewdigitaltechnologytoday,westillhavetorelyonthecenturies-oldtechnologyofprinting.Fornow,itseemsprintedcopiesarestillthesafestwaytostoreinformation.28．ThewritermentionsShakespeare’sworktoshow______.A．therearedifferentwaystostorebooksB．ShakespearehasinfluenceonprintingbooksC．printedbookscanbestoredforalongtimeD．thetechnologyofprintinghasalonghistory29．Whyisdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?A．Thereisnoenoughroomtostoredigitaldata.B．Peoplepreferprintedcopiestodigitaldata.C．Anewformofdatawillreplacedigitaldata.D．Digitaldatamaynotbereachedinthefuture.30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardkeepingtheprintedcopies?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Worried.DAstechnologyisdevelopingrapidly,wecanactuallybuildVRheadsetsthatmeethighrequirements.TheinterestinVRrises,sodoestheinterestincreatingnewmediatobeexperiencedinusingVR.Journalismisamediumbuiltonrelevance.Journalistsarealwaysfindingnewmeanstotellstoriesandreportnews.Itisagoldmineforstorytelling.Whatbetterwaystotellastorytosomeonethantoputthemrightinthecenterofit?PeoplearealreadymakinguseofVRinnews.CreativedirectorSpikeJonzeandvisualartistChrisMilkputviewersatthesceneoftheMillionsMarchprotestinNewYorkinDecember,2014.TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniacreated“ProjectSyria,”whichallowsviewerstoexperiencethebombingofacrowdedneighborhoodandvisitarefugeecampinthewar-tomcountry.Thesearejustafewexamplesofagrowingnumberofprojectsthatareoutthere.VRisapowerfultoolforjournalists.Theconsumerisn’tjustreadingorwatchingsomethingplayout;they’reexperiencingit.Theimmersive(沉浸式的)natureofVRallowspeopletoconnectwiththesubjectmatteronamuchdeeperlevelthanjustreadingaboutit.Theexperienceisemotional,speakingmoretoourinstinct(本能)thanourintellect(智力).Thereareawiderangeofpossibilitiesforstorytellinghere,andanystorytellerwantingtodosomethingmoreinterestingthantheirpeersshouldsurelybeconsideringthesheerpowerofVR.ThequestionofVR,though,isnothowpowerfulitis.Thatisobvious.ThequestionofVRisoneofviability(可行性)andavailability.Tellingstoriesmustbeeasytodo,andaccesstothosestoriesmustbereadilyavailable.ThisisthebiggestchallengethatVRfaces.IfthetoolstotellastorywithVRaren’teasytopickupandlearn,VRwillfail.IfVRtechnologyisn’tbothtop-of-the-lineandaffordable,VRwillfail.“IthinkthatcurrentVRtechnologyisprettyexclusiverightnow,butit’sverypromisingthatitwillnotbeaprobleminthelongrun,”saidThomasHallaq,assistantprofessorofjournalismandmasscommunications.“We’reseeingmoretechnologybecomeaccessible,andmorepeoplehavingaccesstothattechnology.Justlookatsmartphones.”IfthetechnologyiswidelyavailableandcompanieslikeOculus,Samsung,HTCandValvecanovercometheinherentdifficulties,VRwillsucceedinbeingadesirablemeansofstorytelling.Likeradio,TVandtheInternetbeforeit,VRwillchangethewaywetellstories.31．WhyisVRconsideredapowerfultoolforjournalism?A．Becauseitisamediumbuiltonrelevance.B．Becauseitisverypopularandinteresting.C．Becauseitallowspeopletoexperiencethenewspersonally.D．Becauseitisanexclusivelynewtoolintellingnewsstories.32．Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeVRisfacing?A．Whetheritiseasilyaccessibletopeople.B．Howpowerfulandinterestingitcanbe.C．WhetherqualifiedVRheadsetscanbebuilt.D．Whatnewwayspeoplewillfindtoreportnews.33．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofVRtechnology?A．Neutral. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Concerned.34．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheChallengesofVirtualRealityB．TheWidePopularityofVirtualRealityC．TheFutureofStorytelling—VirtualRealityD．TheDevelopmentofVirtualRealityintheFuture第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyoufeeldepressed(消沉的),it’sbesttodosomethingaboutit—depressiondoesn’tjustgoawayonitsown.Inadditiontogettinghelpfromadoctor,herearefourthingsyoucandotofeelbetter.Exercise.Takea15-to-30-minutewalkeveryday—ordanceandbikeifyouprefer.35Butmakeyourselfdoitanyway.Onceyougetintheexercisehabit,itwon’ttakelongtonoticeadifferenceinyourmood.Provideyourselfwithgoodnutrition.Depressioncanaffectappetite(食欲).Onepersonmaynotfeellikeeatingatall,butanothermightovereat.36Soeatplentyoffruitsandvegetablesandgetregularmeals(evenifyoudon’tfeelhungry,trytoeatsomethinglight,likeapieceoffruit,tokeepyougoing).Findouttroubles.37Whenyouknowwhat’sgotyoufeelingblueandwhy,talkaboutitwithacaringfriend.Talkingisawaytoreceivesomeunderstanding.Ifthere’snoonetotell,pouringyourheartouttoajournalworksjustaswell.38Depressionaffectsaperson’sthoughts,makingeverythingseemunhappyandhopeless.Ifdepressionhasyounoticingonlythenegative,makeanefforttonoticethegoodthingsinlife.Trytonoticeonething,andthentrytothinkofonemore.Consideryourstrengthsorgifts.Mostofall,don’tforgettobepatientwithyourself.39A．Lookonthebrightside.B．Takeactiontosolveproblems.C．Depressiontakestimetoheal.D．Propernutritioncanaffectaperson’smoodandenergy.E．Peoplewhoaredepressedmaynotfeelmuchlikebeingactive.F．Trytomakeoutanysituationsthathavecontributedtoyourdepression.G．Withdepression,aperson’screativityandsenseoffunmayseemblocked.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Aspoonfulofpickles(榨菜)cansometimesmakeamealtastewaybetter.Recently,anewtypeofpickleisbeingdiscussed:“digitalpickledvegetables”.Itreferstothevideospeoplewatchwhileeating.Manypeoplethinkthatthevideoscanmaketheirfoodmoreappetizing.Thetopicreceivedmorethan16millionclicksonSinaWeiboandabout100,000peopleparticipatedinthediscussion.Insteadofhavingmealswithfriendsandfamilymembers,manyyoungpeopleinChinaarekeptcompanybyTVshowsorshortvideos.Manybelievethattheirfoodistastierwiththe“digitalpickles”.Canthishabitaffectyourdiet?Accordingtoaresearchpaperpublishedin2019,youmayeatmoreunconsciously.Theinternationalresearchteamasked62volunteerstofollowdifferenteatingpatternsonfourdifferentdays.Thepatternsincludedeatingwhilelookingatthemobilephone,readingmagazinesandwithoutdistraction.Afteranalyzingtheirdiets,theteamdiscoveredthateatingwithadistractionincreasedcaloricingestion(卡路里攝入)byabout15percent.Toexplorethereason,theteamalsoinvitedtwogroupsofpeople:onegroupatewhilelisteningtoanaudioclip(音頻剪輯)aboutanotherpersoneatingandtheotherlistenedtoaclipthathelpedthemimaginethemselveseating.Theresultsshowedthatthesecondgroupatelesssincetheyweremorefocusedontheirmeals.Whenweeatwiththe“digitalpickles”,ourattentioncanbedistracted,whichleadstoeatingmorethanexpected.Thisworksnotonlyforeatingmealsbutotherdemandingtasksaswell.AresearchprojectledbytheUniversityofSussex,UK,pointedoutthatactivitieswhichrequirelotsofat